scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF SULFATED MUCOSUBSTANCES AND CATIONIC PROTEINS IN HUMAN GRANULOCYTES AND PLATELETS

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. DUNN ◽  
S. S. SPICER
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Late Developmental Stage ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Primary Granules

Histochemical staining methods visualize sulfated mucosubstance in numerous small granules of early neutrophil leukocytes in appropriately processed human bone marrow smears. These reactive granules presumably constitute the counterpart in human neutrophils of the mucosaccharide-rich primary granules in rabbit heterophils. Neutrophils at a late developmental stage in human marrow or buffy coat smears reveal few or no granules with such reactivity. Strong staining for sulfated mucosubstance is readily demonstrable in numerous large cytoplasmic granules in human eosinophils. This reactivity diminishes but does not disappear during maturation of the eosinophil and its single population of cytoplasmic granules. Granules of human basophils at all developmental stages stain for sulfated mucosubstance. Platelets in human buffy coat smears reveal evidence for sulfated mucosaccharide. The mucosaccharide-containing granules of the three myeloid series also disclose acidophilia at high pH indicative of the presence of strongly cationic proteins.

scholarly journals The islet ghrelin cell

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. R35-R49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Wierup ◽  
Frank Sundler ◽  
R Scott Heller
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Pancreatic Tumours ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Staining Methods

The islets of Langerhans are key regulators of glucose homeostasis and have been known as a structure for almost one and a half centuries. During the twentieth century several different cell types were described in the islets of different species and at different developmental stages. Six cell types with identified hormonal product have been described so far by the use of histochemical staining methods, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Thus, glucagon-producing α-cells, insulin-producing β-cells, somatostatin-producing δ-cells, pancreatic polypeptide-producing PP-cells, serotonin-producing enterochromaffin-cells, and gastrin-producing G-cells have all been found in the mammalian pancreas at least at some developmental stage. Species differences are at hand and age-related differences are also to be considered. Eleven years ago a novel cell type, the ghrelin cell, was discovered in the human islets. Subsequent studies have shown the presence of islet ghrelin cells in several animals, including mouse, rat, gerbils, and fish. The developmental regulation of ghrelin cells in the islets of mice has gained a lot of interest and several studies have added important pieces to the puzzle of molecular mechanisms and the genetic regulation that lead to differentiation into mature ghrelin cells. A body of evidence has shown that ghrelin is an insulinostatic hormone, and the potential for blockade of ghrelin signalling as a therapeutic avenue for type 2 diabetes is intriguing. Furthermore, ghrelin-expressing pancreatic tumours have been reported and ghrelin needs to be taken into account when diagnosing pancreatic tumours. In this review article, we summarise the knowledge about islet ghrelin cells obtained so far.

scholarly journals Kinetics of fusion of the cytoplasmic granules with phagocytic vacuoles in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochemical and morphological studies.

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Segal ◽  
J Dorling ◽  
S Coade
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Particle Uptake ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study on human neutrophils was conducted to measure the kinetics of degranulation of the different cytoplasmic granules into phagocytic vacuoles, and to relate the timing of these events to the burst of respiration that accompanies phagocytosis by these cells. Purified neutrophils were incubated with latex particles opsonized with human immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and phagocytosis was stopped at timed intervals. The cells were examined by electron microscopy to document the sequence of degranulation of the cytoplasmic granules. The azurophil granules and lyosomes were identified by histochemical staining for peroxidase and acid phosphatase, respectively. Phagocytic vacuoles were separated from cell homogenates by floatation on sucrose gradients and assayed for contained lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and acid hydrolases. The conclusions drawn from the biochemical and morphological studies were in agreement and indicated: particle uptake and vacuole closure can be completed within 20 s; both the specific and azurophil granules fuse with the phagocytic vacuole much earlier than is generally appreciated, with half-saturation times of 39 s (99% confidence limits, 15-72); oxygen consumption has kinetics similar to those of the fusion of these granules with the phagosome; degranulation of the acid hydrolases beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (biochemical assays), and acid phosphatase (biochemical assay and electron microscopic cytochemistry) have kinetics of degranulation that are similar to each other but totally different from and much slower than that of myeloperoxidase with half-saturation times of between 354 and 682 s (99% confidence limits, 246-883). This suggests that the acid hydrolases are not co-located with myeloperoxidase in the azurophil granule but are contained in distinct lysosomes, or "tertiary granules".

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF DIALYZED IRON-REACTIVE MUCOSUBSTANCE IN RABBIT HETEROPHILS, BASOPHILS, AND EOSINOPHILS

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Hardin ◽  
S. S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Primary Granules ◽  
Acid Mucosubstances

For ultrastructural localization of acid mucosubstances in rabbit granulocytes, bone marrow and buffy coat specimens were fixed with formalin, glutaraldehyde, or osmium tetroxide, sectioned at 40 µ, and stained with the Rinehart and Abul-Haj solution of dialyzed iron (DI). Heterophils revealed DI staining on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, in the Golgi complex involved in primary granulogenesis, and in primary granules. The intragranular distribution of DI-stained material varied at different stages in the maturation of primary granules. Immature granules of heterophils fixed by any of the three methods contained a peripheral concentric band of DI-positive material; however, fully mature primary granules possessed a core of DI-reactive material in heterophils fixed with osmium tetroxide, but they contained little or no staining in heterophils fixed with formalin or glutaraldehyde. Secondary granules of rabbit heterophils failed to stain with DI. Tertiary granules, observed only in late heterophils, contained distinct DI-positive particles. Basophil granules exhibited intensely DI-stained material distributed in an orderly pattern throughout the granule. In eosinophils, DI staining was localized in the Golgi complex and in the rims of a few immature cytoplasmic granules.

scholarly journals Anatomy and Histochemistry of Seed Coat Development of Wild (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius (M. Bieb.) Asch. et Graebn. and Domesticated Pea (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4602
Author(s):  
Lenka Zablatzká ◽  
Jana Balarynová ◽  
Barbora Klčová ◽  
Pavel Kopecký ◽  
Petr Smýkal
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Maternal Plant ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Biochemical Studies

In angiosperms, the mature seed consists of embryo, endosperm, and a maternal plant-derived seed coat (SC). The SC plays a role in seed filling, protects the embryo, mediates dormancy and germination, and facilitates the dispersal of seeds. SC properties have been modified during the domestication process, resulting in the removal of dormancy, mediated by SC impermeability. This study compares the SC anatomy and histochemistry of two wild (JI64 and JI1794) and two domesticated (cv. Cameor and JI92) pea genotypes. Histochemical staining of five developmental stages: 13, 21, 27, 30 days after anthesis (DAA), and mature dry seeds revealed clear differences between both pea types. SC thickness is established early in the development (13 DAA) and is primarily governed by macrosclereid cells. Polyanionic staining by Ruthenium Red indicated non homogeneity of the SC, with a strong signal in the hilum, the micropyle, and the upper parts of the macrosclereids. High peroxidase activity was detected in both wild and cultivated genotypes and increased over the development peaking prior to desiccation. The detailed knowledge of SC anatomy is important for any molecular or biochemical studies, including gene expression and proteomic analysis, especially when comparing different genotypes and treatments. Analysis is useful for other crop-to-wild-progenitor comparisons of economically important legume crops.

scholarly journals Activation of human neutrophils by mastoparan. Reorganization of the cytoskeleton, formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, secretion up-regulation of complement receptor type 3 and superoxide anion production are stimulated by mastoparan

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Norgauer ◽  
M Eberle ◽  
H D Lemke ◽  
K Aktories
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Rapid Formation ◽  
Primary Granules ◽  
Type 3

In human neutrophils, mastoparan induced rapid F-actin polymerization which was followed by a slow and sustained depolymerization to below the initial F-actin content. Incubation of neutrophils with pertussis toxin inhibited mastoparan-stimulated actin polymerization; however it did not prevent sustained depolymerization of F-actin. Analyses of phospholipids performed in parallel revealed that mastoparan stimulated rapid formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and consumption of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Pertussis toxin treatment blocked mastoparan-induced formation of PIP3. Furthermore, mastoparan stimulated the release of N-acetylglucosaminidase from primary granules. Cytochalasin B enhanced mastoparan-stimulated secretion. Mastoparan triggered superoxide radical production in a cytochalasin B-sensitive manner and induced complement type 3 receptor (CR3) up-regulation.

Ultrastructural localization of cationic proteins in cytoplasmic granules of chicken and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
E.K. Macrae ◽  
J.K. Spitznagel
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Electron Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Deposit ◽  
Neutrophilic Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver

Cytoplasmic granules known to contain cationic arginine-rich proteins can be identified by the ammoniacal silver reaction (ASR) which provides a cytochemical marker detectable under the electron microscope. Only the large rod-shaped granules of the chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes (heterophils) and the large spherical azurophilic granules of the rabbit neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes show the ASR product as a discrete particulate electron-dense deposit. The other smaller granules are devoid of reaction product, as are membranes and mitochondria. The intracellular localization of the ASR product, as are membranes and mitochondria. The intracellular localization of the ASR product on the large granules coincides with the ASR product localization on the same isolated granule populations, when the ammoniacal silver reaction is applied to these granules after their separation by sucrose-density gradients. The cationic proteins may have intraleukocytic bacteriolytic properties, since ASR product, presumably indicating cationic protein from discharged granules, appears to surround ingested bacteria within cytoplasmic phagosomes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Histochemical Staining Methods and Correlation with Transient Elastography in Acute Hepatitis

Pathobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cabibi ◽  
Vincenza Calvaruso ◽  
Letizia Giuffrida ◽  
Sabrina Ingrao ◽  
Laura Balsamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Staining Methods

scholarly journals Amyloid in Canine Mammary Tumors

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Vos ◽  
E. Gruys
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Corpora Amylacea ◽  
Mammary Carcinomas ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tissue ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Neoplastic Epithelial Cells

In canine mammary carcinomas, amyloid was present as amyloid-containing corpora amylacea and as local deposits between neoplastic epithelial cells or in stromal tissue. Histochemical staining methods revealed that this amyloid was not of the AA-type amyloid and contained tryptophan. The possible pathogenesis of this amyloid deposition is discussed.

Uneven distribution of preservative in kiln-dried sapwood lumber of Scots pine: Impact of wood structure and resin allocation

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Ali Ahmed ◽  
Margot Sehlstedt-Persson ◽  
Olov Karlsson ◽  
Tom Morén
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Kiln Drying ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Resin Canals

Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood lumber was collected after kiln drying and preservative treatment with Celcure AC 800 (a copper-amine wood preservative). Distribution of the preservative throughout the lumber was visually examined. Not all, but some samples showed specific localized areas without any preservative distribution throughout their entire length. Those samples were assessed further for anatomical properties, specifically in impregnated and unimpregnated areas. Additional study was conducted on the morphological nature and redistribution of lipophilic extractives using three different histochemical staining methods. Intrinsic wood properties – especially the frequency of axial resin canals and the percentage of canals blocked – were found to be responsible for the irregular distribution of the preservative. Furthermore, the inability to create continuous and frequent interstitial spaces due to the collapse of thin-walled ray cells throughout the lumber resulted in un-even distribution of preservatives. Staining techniques were useful to localize places with more or less abundance of extractives (e.g., fats) in impregnated and unimpregnated wood, which varied considerably. Histochemical observations revealed information pertaining to the kiln dry specific distribution and redistribution of extractives between the areas. Moreover, resin reallocation and modification in ray parenchyma and resin canals induced by kiln drying would be another reason for the impregnation anomalies.

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