scholarly journals Kinetics of fusion of the cytoplasmic granules with phagocytic vacuoles in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochemical and morphological studies.

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Segal ◽  
J Dorling ◽  
S Coade
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Particle Uptake ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study on human neutrophils was conducted to measure the kinetics of degranulation of the different cytoplasmic granules into phagocytic vacuoles, and to relate the timing of these events to the burst of respiration that accompanies phagocytosis by these cells. Purified neutrophils were incubated with latex particles opsonized with human immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and phagocytosis was stopped at timed intervals. The cells were examined by electron microscopy to document the sequence of degranulation of the cytoplasmic granules. The azurophil granules and lyosomes were identified by histochemical staining for peroxidase and acid phosphatase, respectively. Phagocytic vacuoles were separated from cell homogenates by floatation on sucrose gradients and assayed for contained lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and acid hydrolases. The conclusions drawn from the biochemical and morphological studies were in agreement and indicated: particle uptake and vacuole closure can be completed within 20 s; both the specific and azurophil granules fuse with the phagocytic vacuole much earlier than is generally appreciated, with half-saturation times of 39 s (99% confidence limits, 15-72); oxygen consumption has kinetics similar to those of the fusion of these granules with the phagosome; degranulation of the acid hydrolases beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (biochemical assays), and acid phosphatase (biochemical assay and electron microscopic cytochemistry) have kinetics of degranulation that are similar to each other but totally different from and much slower than that of myeloperoxidase with half-saturation times of between 354 and 682 s (99% confidence limits, 246-883). This suggests that the acid hydrolases are not co-located with myeloperoxidase in the azurophil granule but are contained in distinct lysosomes, or "tertiary granules".

scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF SULFATED MUCOSUBSTANCES AND CATIONIC PROTEINS IN HUMAN GRANULOCYTES AND PLATELETS

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. DUNN ◽  
S. S. SPICER
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Late Developmental Stage ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Primary Granules

Histochemical staining methods visualize sulfated mucosubstance in numerous small granules of early neutrophil leukocytes in appropriately processed human bone marrow smears. These reactive granules presumably constitute the counterpart in human neutrophils of the mucosaccharide-rich primary granules in rabbit heterophils. Neutrophils at a late developmental stage in human marrow or buffy coat smears reveal few or no granules with such reactivity. Strong staining for sulfated mucosubstance is readily demonstrable in numerous large cytoplasmic granules in human eosinophils. This reactivity diminishes but does not disappear during maturation of the eosinophil and its single population of cytoplasmic granules. Granules of human basophils at all developmental stages stain for sulfated mucosubstance. Platelets in human buffy coat smears reveal evidence for sulfated mucosaccharide. The mucosaccharide-containing granules of the three myeloid series also disclose acidophilia at high pH indicative of the presence of strongly cationic proteins.

Cytoplasmic Granules in Lymphocytes from Rats Dosed with SK&F 14336-D

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
T. G. Merrill ◽  
B. J. Payne ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Neurovisceral Lipidosis

Rats given SK&F 14336-D (9-[3-Dimethylamino propyl]-2-chloroacridane), a tranquilizing drug, developed an increased number of vacuolated lymphocytes as observed by light microscopy. Vacuoles in peripheral blood of rats and humans apparently are rare and are not usually reported in differential counts. Transforming agents such as phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen induce similar vacuoles in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes. These vacuoles have also been reported in some of the lipid-storage diseases of humans such as amaurotic familial idiocy, familial neurovisceral lipidosis, lipomucopolysaccharidosis and sphingomyelinosis. Electron microscopic studies of Tay-Sachs' disease and of chloroquine treated swine have demonstrated large numbers of “membranous cytoplasmic granules” in the cytoplasm of neurons, in addition to lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of characterizing the membranous inclusions and developing an experimental animal model which may be used for the study of lipid storage diseases.

Histochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Digestive Epithelium in a Gastropod Gametolytic Organ

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R. L. Reeder ◽  
S. H. Rogers ◽  
W. A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies

Numerous morphological studies have dealt with the spermatheca of pulmonate gastropods. This globular organ, which is attached to the female portion of the reproductive tract by a long duct in these monoecious animals, has had various functions ascribed to it. Recent histochemical demonstrations of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, protease, and acid phosphatase have provided, however, conclusive evidence that it is a digestive organ for the degradation of superfluous sperm and genital tract secretions. Only limited information concerning the spermatheca is available at the ultrastructural level, a fact providing the stimulus for the present study of this organ in Sonorella santaritana, a desert mountain snail from Arizona.

Analysis of Hepatocyte Distribution and Survival in Vascular Beds with Cells Marked by 99mTC or Endogenous Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Gupta ◽  
Srinivasa Rao G. Vasa ◽  
Pankaj Rajvanshi ◽  
Lionel S. Zuckier ◽  
Christopher J. Palestro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Liver Sinusoids ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Cell Fragments

Knowledge of the kinetics of cell distribution in vascular beds will help optimize engraftment of transplanted hepatocytes. To noninvasively localize transplanted cells in vivo, we developed conditions for labeling rat hepatocytes with 99mTc–pertechnetate. The incorporated 99mTc was bound to intracellular proteins and did not impair cell viability. When 99mTc hepatocytes were intrasplenically injected into normal rats, cells entered liver sinusoids with time–activity curves demonstrating instantaneous cell translocations. 99mTc activity in removed organs was in liver or spleen, and lungs showed little activity. However, when cells were intrasplenically transplanted into rats with portasystemic collaterals, 99mTc appeared in both liver sinusoids and pulmonary alveolar capillaries. To further localize cells, we transplanted DPPIV+ F344 rat hepatocytes into syngeneic DPPIV – recipients. Histochemical staining for DPPIV activity demonstrated engraftment of intrasplenically transplanted cells in liver parenchyma. In contrast, when 99mTc hepatocytes were injected into a peripheral vein, cells were entrapped in pulmonary capillaries but were subsequently broken down with redistribution of 99mTc activity elsewhere. Intact DPPIV+ hepatocytes were identified in lungs, whereas only cell fragments were present in liver, spleen, or kidneys. These findings indicate that although the pulmonary vascular bed offers advantages of easy accessibility and a relatively large capacity, significant early cell destruction is an important limitation.

Morphological studies of bone and tendon

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. S10-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Doty ◽  
E. R. Morey-Holton ◽  
G. N. Durnova ◽  
A. S. Kaplansky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Metatarsal Bones

The Soviet biosatellite COSMOS 2044 carried adult rats on a spaceflight that lasted 13.8 days and was intended to repeat animal studies carried out on COSMOS 1887. Skeletal tissue and tendon from animals flown on COSMOS 2044 were studied by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and morphometric techniques. Studies were confined to the bone cells and vasculature from the weight-bearing tibias. Results indicated that vascular changes at the periosteal and subperiosteal region of the tibia were not apparent by light microscopy or histochemistry. However, electron microscopy indicated that vascular inclusions were present in bone samples from the flight animals. A unique combination of microscopy and histochemical techniques indicated that the endosteal osteoblasts from this same mid-diaphyseal region demonstrated a slight (but not statistically significant) reduction in bone cell activity. Electron-microscopic studies of the tendons from metatarsal bones showed a collagen fibril disorganization as a result of spaceflight. Thus changes described for COSMOS 1887 were present in COSMOS 2044, but the changes ascribed to spaceflight were not as evident.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Lysosomes and Lysosomal Enzymes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Douglas ◽  
Georg Cohnen ◽  
Erika KÖnig ◽  
GÜnter Brittinger
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Acid Hydrolase ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Cell Profile

Abstract Electron microscopic cytochemical and biochemical studies of lysosomal markers have been performed in unstimulated normal and chronic lymphotic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes. Decreased activities of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase but not of the nonlysosomal enzyme malate dehydrogenase were observed in CLL lymphocytes as compared to normal cells. At the electron microscopic level, the number of membrane-bounded acid phosphatase-positive organelles was diminished in CLL cells. (Average 1.07 per cell profile in normal cells and 0.17 in CLL lymphocytes). The findings indicate that the diminution of acid hydrolase activities in CLL lymphocytes is most likely due to a reduced number of lysosomes, rather than to a diminished enzyme content of these organelles.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF SOME ANTICANCER PLANTS POLLEN GRAINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1386-1393
Author(s):  
Jayshree Sandesh Thaware ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pollen is appropriately referred by some as Golden dust extremely valuable on account of their tremendous applications in science, industries and public health. No other plant part even though extremely tiny in size is packed with so much information and power. Similar to other plant parts, pollen characters are so varied that the classification system of plants can be built up entirely on the basis of pollen morphology.Palynology is the distinct branch of biology that deals with the dispersed microscopic tiny living and fossil entities including pollen grains, spores, algal and fungal fragments and others. An important aspect of Palynology is the Pollen morphology. The importance of Palynology in taxonomic and phylogenetic consideration of plants is well known. The changes occurring through hybridization and years of cultivation are reflected in pollen morphology. The scope and interest in the study of pollen morphology have widened with the advent of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and with regards to unipalynous taxa particularly the understanding of finer morphology is of fundamental importance. SEM gives a correct understanding of exine surface as the electron photographs of the surface replica of the exine provides the exact picture of the ornamentation pattern. The variation in the pollen morphological characters helps in the classification of plant taxa and their assessment of their phylogenetic relationship. In the present investigation, the pollen morphological studies were carried out of some ethnomedicinal plants like Catharanthus roseus, Allamanda cathartica, Datura metel, Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Cleome viscosa pollen grains by Scanning electron microscopy. All that they possess anticancer characteristics in common.

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