COMPARISON OF RED AND WHITE VOLUNTARY SKELETAL MUSCLES OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF PRIMATES

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. BEATTY ◽  
G. M. BASINGER ◽  
C. C. DULLY ◽  
R. M. BOCEK
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Male Rhesus ◽  
Quadratus Femoris ◽  
Sirius Red

There was a direct correlation between the qualitative histochemical classification by staining intensity for succinic dehydrogenase and the quantitative measurements of succinic dehydrogenase activity for the quadratus femoris (red), soleus (red), sartorius (predominantly red) and the superficial portion of the brachioradialis (predominantly white) muscles of the rhesus monkey. The relative succinic dehydrogenase activities were quadratus femoris > soleus > sartorius > brachioradialis, the quadratus femoris having 7 times more enzyme activity than the brachioradialis. The sartorius of male rhesus monkeys had a higher enzyme activity than that of the female. Muscle samples were stained with sirius red and graded for amounts of connective tissue as follows: soleus < sartorius < brachioradialis. These histochemical results were verified by chemical analyses. The soleus, sartorius and brachioradialis from 10 other species of primates had the same relative succinic dehydrogenase activities and histochemical staining patterns as the rhesus.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INFECTION WITH M. TUBERCULOSIS AND OF TUBERCULIN SHOCK ON THE SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF GUINEA PIG TISSUES

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Chaudhuri ◽  
Samuel P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tissue Extract ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
Sublethal Doses

The kidney of guinea pigs infected with the H37Rv and BCG strains of M. tuberculosis showed a diminution in succinic dehydrogenase activity when measured by the tetrazolium technique. This effect was also seen in the liver and spleen of animals infected with the BCG strain. Sensitized animals showed similar results when given tuberculin in sublethal doses. The succinic oxidase was also low in the kidneys of animals infected with the H37Rv strain. The depressed enzyme activity of the tissues of infected animals could be restored to normal by addition of normal tissue extract or dialysate. This suggests that the alteration in tissue metabolism observed in tuberculosis may depend upon the loss of some as yet unidentified factor important for succinic dehydrogenase activity.

Studies of the rooting of cuttings of Hydrangea macrophylla: enzyme changes

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Molnar ◽  
L. J. LaCroix
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Enzyme Changes

Enzyme changes in root initials of Hydrangea macrophylla during adventitious root formation are described. Extensive changes in enzyme activity were demonstrated by histochemical staining and all enzymes investigated showed increased activity in the tissue responsible for root initiation.The earliest change observed was that of peroxidase in the phloem and xylem ray cells. This was followed by a change in the activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase. Alpha-amylase was localized by the substrate film method. The highest amylase activity was demonstrated in the epidermal tissues and vascular bundles. As the root primordia developed, enzyme activity shifted from the vascular bundles to the periphery of the bundles. A positive correlation was found between the starch content and root number of cuttings.

Changes in succinic dehydrogenase activity related to feeding

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Nielson ◽  
H. M. Klitgaard
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Psoas Muscles ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Feeding And Fasting

The effect of feeding and fasting on succinic dehydrogenase activity in rats accustomed to a feeding regime (fed 5 hr/24 hr) was studied over a 24-hr period and over a subsequent extended fast. The results showed a fall in enzyme activity to a minimal value at 6 hr after the initial feeding period in the four tissues studied. During the 24-hr period following feeding, cardiac and psoas muscles obtained maximum values which were 134% and 174%, respectively, of the 6-hr value at 18 hr. Liver and kidney attained their maximum values (133% and 174%, respectively) during the second 5-hr feeding period. When the fasting period was extended by omitting the second feeding period, liver and kidney tended to plateau (after their peak at 24 hr) near the 6-hr assay, whereas cardiac and psoas muscles (after their peaks at 24 and 18 hr, respectively) tended to plateau with 145% of the 6-hr activity. Variations related to feeding times, not previously realized, were demonstrated.

Experimental modifications and changes with age in pineal succinic dehydrogenase activity

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Quay
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Stimulate Activity ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Increased Activity

Pineal succinic dehydrogenase was determined by means of reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride and colorimetry. Studies employing over 3300 rats, primarily of the Long-Evans strain, demonstrate that: a) Al+++ and Ca++ promote and Cu++, malonate, iodine and hydroquinone inhibit enzyme activity in vitro; b) enzyme activity more than doubles in both sexes during the first 6 weeks postnatally with some reduction probable in about 1 year; c) pineal activity equals 50% of that of liver, 75% of tela chorioidea IV, 90% of cerebral cortex (area 18) and 160% of hypophyseal posterior lobe; d) norepinephrine or DOPA injection is usually followed (1–8 hours) by increased pineal activity; e) Dibenamine alone may depress activity after 18–19 hours but when followed by norepinephrine, DOPA, epinephrine, ephedrine, amphetamine or serotonin (4–6 hr. before autopsy) potentiates increased activity; f) Marsilid alone may stimulate activity (18 1/2–20 hr.) but when followed by norepinephrine, or DOPA potentiates decreased activity; g) extensive negative results with modifications in thyroid, adrenal cortical and gonadal endocrines do not support beliefs in pineal regulation by these pituitary-dependent systems. The hypothesis is advanced that the mammalian pineal is functionally involved with central mechanisms concerned with the metabolism and/or actions of certain neurohumoral amines.

Histochemistry of Hymenolepis microstoma (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae)

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton J. Bogitsh ◽  
David A. Nunnally
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Blue Tetrazolium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Cryostat Sections ◽  
Hymenolepis Microstoma

Reduction of neotetrazolium in the presence of succinate is used as a quantitative assay for succinic dehydrogenase activity in homogenates of Hymenolepis microstoma, and nitro blue tetrazolium and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium-cobalt are employed with cryostat sections for its histochemical localization in adults and cysticercoids. The highest concentrations of the enzyme occur in the anterior region of the worm (scolex, neck, and immature proglottids), lesser amounts in the region of mature and early gravid segments, and least amounts in the gravid region of the strobila. Primary sites of succinic dehydrogenase activity are the mitochondrial layer of the cuticle and the cells of the subcuticle. In the anterior region the entire parenchyma shows uniformly high concentrations of enzyme activity. This reaction decreases posteriorly until, in the gravid region, only the subcuticle and the mitochondrial layer of the cuticle display activity. Intense activity was also noted in the layer just under the shells of the eggs. The ovary and immature testes show high enzyme concentrations; however, in the testes, the concentration diminishes as the organs mature. In the scolex, the rostellum and the muscles of the suckers show higher enzyme activity than the surrounding tissues. The scolex, inner membrane, and tail of the cysticercoid show uniformly high concentrations of formazan.

scholarly journals SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE IN PIGEON PECTORALIS DURING DISUSE ATROPHY

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. CHERIAN ◽  
N. V. VALLYATHAN ◽  
J. C. GEORGE
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
General Level ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Muscle Enzyme ◽  
Mitochondrial Number ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Muscle Enzyme Activity

Quantitative and histochemical changes in succinic dehydrogenase activity in pigeon breast muscle was studied during one to sixty days of disuse after immobilization of the wings. Muscle enzyme activity was found to decrease from the first day, reaching its lowest level after seven days. Histochemical observations on red and white muscle fibers showed that after seven days atrophy, the majority of red fibers had lower enzyme activity; a few others showed higher activity. In white fibers on the other hand, a uniform increase over normal in enzyme activity and mitochondrial number was seen. These changes in the two types of fibers were less conspicuous during the later stages of atrophy. Thus the general level of oxidative metabolism in muscle as a whole was lowered in spite of the slight increase in level of SDH in white fibers. It is suggested that in both red and white fibers there was a shift, of aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, or vice versa.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ISOLATED PANCREATIC ISLETS OF MAMMALS: ENZYMIC HYDROLYSIS OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATES AND p-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE IN NORMAL AND CORTISONE-TREATED RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
I.-B. TÄLJEDAL ◽  
B. HELLMAN ◽  
C. HELLERSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Isolated Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

SUMMARY Chemical micromethods and histochemical staining were employed for studies of the enzymic hydrolysis of inosine diphosphate (IDP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the non-specific acid phosphatase activity of the endocrine pancreas from normal and cortisone-treated rats. The following observations were made: 1. Enzymic dephosphorylation of IDP and ADP was maximal at about pH 8·0. Magnesium and manganese ions enhanced the phosphate liberation, the hydrolysis of ADP being more activated than that of IDP. A marked inhibition of enzyme activity towards either substrate was produced by sodium fluoride, sodium cyanide and ethylene-diaminotetraacetate. Acid phosphatase activity was maximal at about pH 5·5, a tendency for a second activity optimum was noted at about pH 4·0. Acid phosphatase activity was markedly inhibited by sodium fluoride, tartaric acid and formaldehyde. 2. Histochemical staining revealed marked enzyme activity towards IDP and ADP in the capillaries and walls of the large blood vessels throughout the pancreas, whereas the islet cells displayed a moderate reaction. The staining intensity was the same with IDP as with ADP. 3. Cortisone administration reduced the rate of cleavage of both IDP and ADP in both the endocrine and the exocrine pancreas, but the enzymic splitting of these substrates remained unchanged in the liver. Acid phosphatase activity was not influenced in any of these tissues by the steroid treatment.

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