scholarly journals EXTRAVASCULAR AND INTRATUBULAR DIFFUSION OF LABELED SERUM PROTEINS IN THE RAT TESTIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. MANCINI ◽  
O. VILAR ◽  
B. ALVAREZ ◽  
A. C. SEIGUER
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Sulforhodamine B ◽  
Decline Curve ◽  
Immunofluorescent Technique ◽  
Germinal Cells

Rat whole serum, albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen were labeled with fluorescent dyes (sulforhodamine B. CI No. 45100 and fluorescein isothiocyanate); albumin was also tagged with radioactive iodine (I131) and tritium (H3). In addition heterologous albumin was also labeled with fluorescent dyes and radioiodine. The proteins were intravenously injected in prepubertal, pubertal and adult rats, and their decay in the circulation and histological distribution in the testis and epididymis was studied. As controls other animals were similarly injected with free labels alone and with labeled denatured and degraded albumin; also unlabeled homologous and heterologus albumins were administered followed by incubation of both organs with the corresponding labeled antisera applying the Coons' technique. It was observed: 1) with the exception of fibrinogen, labeled serum proteins rapidly appeared in the lumina of vessels, diffused extravascularly in the intertubular spaces and finally arrived inbetween the germinal cells and in the lumina of seminiferous tubules. Also labeled material was present in the lumen of epididymal canaliculi but not in the ductus deferens. 2) This extravascular and intratubular diffusion was parallel to the fast component of the time decline curve of labeled homologous serum proteins in the circulation. 3) There was no great difference between young and adult rats in the extravascular diffusion process, but intratubular passage was higher in pubertal and adult animals. 4) Control experiments revealed time presence of some fluorescent material only in the vessels and macrophages, whereas the immunofluorescent technique showed to very similar localization of unlabeled proteins to that provided by the injection of directly labeled proteins.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Reproductive Parameters Impairment of Cypermethrin in Male Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertin Narcisse Vemo ◽  
Augustave Kenfack ◽  
Ferdinand Ngoula ◽  
Edouard Akono Nantia ◽  
Claude Cedric Njieudeu Ngaleu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Total Protein Level ◽  
Germinal Cells

Cypermethrin is a large spectrum action insecticide, globally employed to control pests in agriculture and some human and domestic animals ectoparasites. This study aimed to evaluate its toxicity and reproduction impairment in male guinea pig. Forty adult male guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups and orally submitted to 0, 92, 137.5 and 275 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days. The weight of the liver increased significantly, while that of kidneys decreased significantly in treated animals compared to controls. Serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALAT, ASAT, total cholesterol, prostatic acid phosphatase increased significantly, while the testicular total protein level decreased significantly in groups given the insecticide relatively to the control. The testes weight, libido, serum level of testosterone, mobility, sperm count and the percentage of spermatozoa with entire plasma membrane decreased significantly in animals exposed to cypermethrin with reference to controls. The percentages of abnormal spermatozoa increased significantly in animals submitted to 137.5 or 275 mg/kg body weight (bw) of cypermethrin compared to control ones. On the testis histological sections of pesticide-treated animals, immature germinal cells were observed in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Cypermethrin was toxic in male guinea pig and damaged reproductive parameters.

scholarly journals Characterization and Expression of the Laminin γ3 Chain: A Novel, Non-Basement Membrane–associated, Laminin Chain

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Koch ◽  
Pamela F. Olson ◽  
Anne Albus ◽  
William Jin ◽  
Dale D. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Cloned Gene ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Laminins are heterotrimeric molecules composed of an α, a β, and a γ chain; they have broad functional roles in development and in stabilizing epithelial structures. Here, we identified a novel laminin, composed of known α and β chains but containing a novel γ chain, γ3. We have cloned gene encoding this chain, LAMC3, which maps to chromosome 9 at q31-34. Protein and cDNA analyses demonstrate that γ3 contains all the expected domains of a γ chain, including two consensus glycosylation sites and a putative nidogen-binding site. This suggests that γ3-containing laminins are likely to exist in a stable matrix. Studies of the tissue distribution of γ3 chain show that it is broadly expressed in: skin, heart, lung, and the reproductive tracts. In skin, γ3 protein is seen within the basement membrane of the dermal-epidermal junction at points of nerve penetration. The γ3 chain is also a prominent element of the apical surface of ciliated epithelial cells of: lung, oviduct, epididymis, ductus deferens, and seminiferous tubules. The distribution of γ3-containing laminins on the apical surfaces of a variety of epithelial tissues is novel and suggests that they are not found within ultrastructurally defined basement membranes. It seems likely that these apical laminins are important in the morphogenesis and structural stability of the ciliated processes of these cells.

scholarly journals Ratiometric pH Sensing and Imaging in Living Cells with Dual-Emission Semiconductor Polymer Dots

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Piaopiao Chen ◽  
Iqra Ilyas ◽  
Su He ◽  
Yichen Xing ◽  
Zhigang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ph Sensing ◽  
Dual Emission ◽  
Polymer Dots ◽  
Ratiometric Ph Sensing

Polymer dots (Pdots) represent newly developed semiconductor polymer nanoparticles and exhibit excellent characteristics as fluorescent probes. To improve the sensitivity and biocompatibility of Pdots ratiometric pH biosensors, we synthesized 3 types of water-soluble Pdots: Pdots-PF, Pdots-PP, and Pdots-PPF by different combinations of fluorescent dyes poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO), poly[(9,9-dioctyl-fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1′,3}-thiadazole)] (PFBT), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). We found that Pdots-PPF exhibits optimal performance on pH sensing. PFO and FITC in Pdots-PPF produce pH-insensitive (λ = 439 nm) and pH-sensitive (λ = 517 nm) fluorescence respectively upon a single excitation at 380 nm wavelength, which enables Pdots-PPF ratiometric pH sensing ability. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) together with the use of PFBT amplify the FITC signal, which enables Pdots-PPF robust sensitivity to pH. The emission intensity ratio (I517/I439) of Pdots-PPF changes linearly as a function of pH within the range of pH 3.0 to 8.0. Pdots-PPF also possesses desirable reversibility and stability in pH measurement. More importantly, Pdots-PPF was successfully used for cell imaging in Hela cells, exhibiting effective cellular uptake and low cytotoxicity. Our study suggests the promising potential of Pdots-PPF as an in vivo biomarker.

scholarly journals Layer by Layer Mesoporous Silica-Hyaluronic Acid-Cyclodextrin Bifunctional “Lamination”: Study of the Application of Fluorescent Probe and Host–Guest Interactions in the Drug Delivery Field

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Nie ◽  
Qi An ◽  
Jeffrey Zink ◽  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Yihe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Layer Technique ◽  
Growth Profiles

The layer-by-layer technique was exploited to adjust the magnitude of the host–guest interactions between adamantane and cyclodextrin. The effect depends on numerous complex and changeable growth profiles of the films and the number of bilayers. These composite films of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid–cyclodextrin(HA-CD) were constructed to load the fluorescent dyes and peptides. The release rates of these molecules would decrease with an increase in the number of layers. A laser scanning confocal microscope was utilized to obtain the diffusion coefficient of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Hybrid films could be applied to increase the loading of different kinds of molecules and could also be integrated into the lamination to delay the rate of release.

scholarly journals Nur77 limits endothelial barrier disruption to LPS in the mouse lung

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. L615-L624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Zhu ◽  
Guan-Xin Zhang ◽  
Bing Yi ◽  
Zhi-Fu Guo ◽  
Soohwa Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Endothelial Barrier ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wide Range

Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor implicated in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes, including the maintenance of systemic blood vessel homeostasis. Although Nur77 is known to be expressed in the lung, its role in regulating pulmonary vascular functions remains entirely unknown. In this study, we found that Nur77 is expressed at high levels in the lung, and its expression is markedly upregulated in response to LPS administration. While the pulmonary vasculature of mice that lacked Nur77 appeared to function normally under homeostatic conditions, we observed a dramatic decrease in its barrier functions after exposure to LPS, as demonstrated by an increase in serum proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and a reduction in the expression of endothelial junctional proteins, such as vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and β-catenin. Similarly, we found that siRNA knockdown of Nur77 in lung microvascular endothelial cells also reduced VE-cadherin and β-catenin expression and increased the quantity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran transporting across LPS-injured endothelial monolayers. Consistent with Nur77 playing a vascular protective role, we found that adenoviral-mediated overexpression of Nur77 both enhanced expression of VE-cadherin and β-catenin and augmented endothelial barrier protection to LPS in cultured cells. Mechanistically, Nur77 appeared to mediate its protective effects, at least in part, by binding to β-catenin and preventing its degradation. Our findings demonstrate a key role for Nur77 in the maintenance of lung endothelial barrier protection to LPS and suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at augmenting Nur77 levels might be effective in treating a wide variety of inflammatory vascular diseases of the lung.

Results of study on changes in the body of livestock castrated by unopened method

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
D Alimaa ◽  
S Byambatsogt ◽  
TS Enkhbaatar
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Cremaster Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Frontal Wall

"Tartu-SHAB" emasculator for unopened castration of male calf, lamb and kids is used to break ductus deferens and blood vessels and damage cremaster muscle after detecting outside the spermatic cord via palpation of scrotal neck skin. Movement of castrated animal becomes slower, hind legs are slightly spread, animal steps on frontal wall of its hind leg hooves and lifts one of hind legs in turn, and superficial, small, painful, differently sized, and warmer swelling appears. Cremaster fascia of testicle tissue castrated animals (at day 30) divides testicle parenchyma into lobules and there are epithelial cells producing spermatozoa at various stages of development in the wall of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in reticular and soft connective tissues between seminiferous tubules. But at day 60, thickened outer layer of testicle, larger gaps between tubules, structural change of primary and secondary spermatozoa, ceased cellular division cellular division and absence of Leydig cells reveal the process of atrophy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.215 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.43-48

Histological Findings in Cryptorchidism

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
M. Cassaro
Keyword(s):  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Cryptorchid Testis ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Germinal Cells

Cryptorchidism is an anomaly in the migration of the testis. Although frequent (1% of the population), the causes are still not fully clear. The associated histological lesions are constant and are worse the longer the testis remains in an anomalous position and the higher this position. Alterations in the maturation of the germinal cells appear very early at about the 7th month of life, gradually becoming more severe until there is complete atrophy of the seminiferous tubules in post-puberty. With histological lesions in the cryptorchid testis there is a risk of seminomatous cancer developing in the undescended testis and of a mixed or non-seminomatous type in the descended testis. Orchiopexy does not reduce the risk of cancer in the cryptorchid testis, but it does eliminate the hyperthermic state in the gonad and allows a simpler, more reliable clinical and biopsy assessment of the testis after surgery.

STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN TESTICULAR WEIGHT AND SPERMATOGENESIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO C57BL/10J AND DBA/2J MICE

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. M. SHIRE ◽  
A. BARTKE
Keyword(s):  
Strain Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hybrid Mice ◽  
Germinal Cells ◽  
Type A Spermatogonia

SUMMARY Marked differences were found in the absolute and relative weights of the testes of young adult mice from 11 strains. DBA/2J mice had large testes (936 ± 46 mg/100 g body weight) and C57BL/10J mice had small ones (389 ± 6 mg/100 g). Comparisons of mice from these two strains, raised under three different environmental conditions, showed that the difference between the strains was relatively unaffected by environmental variation. Measurements on hybrid mice confirmed that much of the observed difference between the two strains was genetic in origin. The C57BL/10 mice were unlike those of any of the other strains in that both the relative and the absolute weights of the testis declined between the ages of 9 and 16 weeks. Strain differences were also found when spermatogenesis was studied in four of the strains by counting the different types of germinal cells in seminiferous tubules in stage VII of spermatogenesis. There were about twice as many type A spermatogonia in DBA/2 mice as there were in C57BL/10 mice. The mean numbers of spermatocytes and spermatids were much greater in DBA/2 than in C57BL/10. These differences were sufficient to account for the observed differences between these strains in testicular weight. Reciprocal F1 mice resembled their DBA/2 parents both in the weight of their testes and in the pattern of spermatogenesis. It is suggested that, in comparison with mice of the other strains, C57BL/10J mice may be deficient in androgenic hormones.

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