scholarly journals A closer look at the health of cats showing urinary house-soiling (periuria): a case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 772-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ramos ◽  
Archivaldo Reche-Junior ◽  
Daniel S Mills ◽  
Priscila L Fragoso ◽  
Alexandre GT Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Control Study

Objectives The aim of this study was to perform a case-control medical evaluation of cats from multi-cat households presenting with inappropriate latrining and spraying behavior. Methods Owners of 18 ‘spraying’ and 23 ‘latrining’ cats with normal control subjects available from the same households were recruited for a case-control study. Otherwise overtly healthy dyads (each dyad consisting of a case cat and a control cat) were brought together to the veterinary hospital of the University of São Paulo for a medical work-up (ie, physical examination, complete blood count, biochemical profile, urinalysis and urine culture, abdominal ultrasound of the urinary system and in females, where possible, cystoscopy). Results Medical problems were identified with similar frequency in the ‘sprayers’ (38.9%), ‘latriners’ (39.1%) and controls of the latrining group (26.1%), but not the controls of the spraying group (5.5%). The difference between ‘cases’ and ‘controls’ from spraying households was significant. Common potential health-related changes include renal insufficiency, cystitis and bladder lithiasis. Renal calculi, higher creatinine levels (within normal reference interval) and ‘glomerulations’ (detected during cystoscopy) were also found in the remaining sprayers and latriners that were considered clinically healthy. Post-cystoscopy, a new form of periuria occurred in two cats (one sprayer and one latriner). Conclusions and relevance These results indicate that spraying or latrining behavior in the home, as well as living with a cat that is not using the litter box as a latrine, are all associated with a higher level of urinary tract abnormalities; living with a cat that is spraying, however, does not have this association. The findings also suggest that both forms of periuria might be associated with interstitial cystitis. We therefore conclude that all cats with periuria need to be carefully evaluated medically and that treatment of latrine-related problems should consider all cats in the house, whereas spraying may be more focused on the individual displaying the problem.

Feline ureteral obstruction: a case-control study of risk factors (2016–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110174
Author(s):  
Alexandra J Kennedy ◽  
Joanna D White
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Ureteral Obstruction ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Control Study

Objectives Ureteral obstruction (UO) in cats causes acute kidney injury and typically requires surgical intervention. Information is required about potentially modifiable risk factors to inform prevention strategies. Methods A case-control study was performed to assess risk factors associated with feline UO. Cases were defined as cats with either of the following: (1) ureteral obstruction (ureteroliths: 13/18; unknown: 5/18) confirmed with pyelography; or (2) a creatinine concentration >140 µmol/l with both UO (ureteroliths: 6/10; blood clots: 3/10; pyonephrosis: 1/10) and pyelectasia ⩾5 mm on abdominal ultra sonography. Controls were defined as cats without evidence of UO on history, physical examination and abdominal ultrasound. Age, sex, breed (domestic shorthair/longhair), diet (predominantly dry, mixed or predominantly moist food), housing (indoors or mixed) and plasma total calcium were evaluated for their association with UO using multivariable logistic regression. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was created to evaluate the predictive ability of the final model. Results In total, 168 cats (28 cases, 140 controls) were included. Age, sex, breed, housing and total calcium were not significantly associated with UO; however, diet was. Compared with cats eating a predominantly moist food diet, cats fed a predominantly dry food diet were 15.9 times more likely to develop a UO (95% confidence interval 2.9–295; P = 0.009). There was no difference in the association between diet and UO in cats fed a mixed diet vs cats fed a predominantly moist food diet ( P = 0.25). The area under the ROC curve was 72%. Conclusions and relevance Changes in diet formulation could provide a simple and economical method to reduce the risk of UO.

Androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer and risk of developing renal calculi: Results of a case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 148 (11) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Javier Díaz Convalía ◽  
María del Carmen Cano-García ◽  
José Luis Miján-Ortiz ◽  
Miguel Arrabal-Martín ◽  
Miguel Ángel Arrabal-Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Characteristic of Anaemia in Hypothyroid Pregnant Females: A Case-control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salamah Parveen Imteyaz ◽  
Bijli Nanda ◽  
Manisha Jindal ◽  
Mohammad Jaseem Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Common Type ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Introduction: Anaemia is the most prevalent haematological abnormalities associated with thyroid disorders and it is often the first sign of hypothyroidism. Pregnancy is frequently associated with anaemia; most commonly iron deficiency anaemia, followed by dimorphic anaemia. Pregnancy complicated by the development of hypothyroidism could be further associated with a higher incidence of anaemia. Aim: To determine the incidence and characteristic of anaemia in pregnancy associated with hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in a Medical college hospital during January 2015 to January 2016. A total of 272 pregnant women were enrolled in the study by random sampling of all pregnant females attending Out Patient Department of our hospital. Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level was used to detect thyroid function abnormalities. Complete Blood count was done. Peripheral blood smear was stained by Leishman stain and subsequently studied under microscope for morphological classification of anaemia. Anaemia was further classified according to the Haemoglobin (Hb) level into mild, moderate and severe anaemia. Unpaired t-test, Pearson’s correlation test and chi-square test have been used in the study for analysis and comparison of various parametres. p-value <0.05 considered level of significance. Results: Out of total of 272 subjects selected for the study, 207 were euthyroid and 65 were hypothyroid. Of the 65 hypothyroid subjects, 19 were in the first trimester, 25 in the second trimester and 21 were in the third trimester. The mean TSH of euthyroid group was 2.49±1.35 mIU/L and hypothyroid group was 6.27±3.6 mIU/L (p-value 0.0001). Mean Hb of Euthyroid was 10.16 g/dL, while mean Hb of hypothyroid subjects was 8.92 g/dL and this difference was significant (p<0.001). A total of 191 (70.22%) out of 272 pregnant subject were found to be anaemic. About 131 (63.28%) out of 207 of euthyroid patients were anaemic, while 92.31% of hypothyroid patients (60 out of 65) showed anaemia. A significant association was found between Hypothyroidism and anaemia (p-value <0.0001). The mean Thyroid stimulating hormone value of anaemic patients was 3.98±1.02, which is significantly higher (p<0.0001) than TSH value of 2.65±0.98 as seen in non-anaemic patients. The majority of anaemia cases in both euthyroid and hypothyroid groups were found to be of moderate severity. Dimorphic anaemia was the most common type of anaemia morphologically in both euthyroid and hypothyroid subjects. It was also the most common type of anaemia in all three trimesters. Conclusion: The incidence of anaemia was higher in the hypothyroid group compared to the euthyroid group. Thus, it is very important to study the incidence and type of anaemia in hypothyroid pregnant females, so that appropriate early nutritional and medicinal intervention can be taken so as to prevent the morbidity and mortality in these patients.

scholarly journals A case–control study on environmental and biological risk factors for renal calculi persisting in a coastal Union Territory, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Prakash Mathiyalagen ◽  
Anand Neelakantan ◽  
Karthik Balusamy ◽  
Kavita Vasudevan ◽  
Johnson Cherian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Biological Risk ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Union Territory

scholarly journals Low frequency of enterohemorrhagic, enteroinvasive and diffusely adherent Escherichia coli in children under 5 years in rural Mozambique: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Garrine ◽  
Glória Matambisso ◽  
Nélio Nobela ◽  
Delfino Vubil ◽  
Sérgio Massora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are among the leading pathogens associated with endemic diarrhea in low income countries. Yet, few epidemiological studies have focused the contribution of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC). Methods We assessed the contribution of EHEC, EIEC and DAEC isolated from stool samples from a case-control study conducted in children aged < 5 years in Southern Mozambique between December 2007 and November 2012. The isolates were screened by conventional PCR targeting stx1 and stx2 (EHEC), ial and ipaH (EIEC), and daaE (DAEC) genes. Results We analyzed 297 samples from cases with less-severe diarrhea (LSD) matched to 297 controls, and 89 samples from cases with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) matched to 222 controls, collected between November 3, 2011 and November 2, 2012. DEC were more common among LSD cases (2.7%, [8/297] of cases vs. 1.3% [4/297] of controls; p = 0.243]) than in MSD cases (0%, [0/89] of cases vs. 0.4%, [1/222] of controls; p = 1.000). Detailed analysis revealed low frequency of EHEC, DAEC or EIEC and no association with diarrhea in all age strata. Although the low frequency, EIEC was predominant in LSD cases aged 24–59 months (4.1% for cases vs. 0% for controls), followed by DAEC in similar frequency for cases and controls in infants (1.9%) and lastly EHEC from one control. Analysis of a subset of samples from previous period (December 10, 2007 and October 31, 2011) showed high frequency of DEC in controls compared to MSD cases (16.2%, [25/154] vs. 11.9%, [14/118], p = 0.383, respectively). Among these, DAEC predominated, being detected in 7.7% of cases vs. 17.6% of controls aged 24–59 months, followed by EIEC in 7.7% of cases vs. 5.9% of controls for the same age category, although no association was observed. EHEC was detected in one sample from cases and two from controls. Conclusions Our data suggests that although EHEC, DAEC and EIEC are less frequent in endemic diarrhea in rural Mozambique, attention should be given to their transmission dynamics (e.g. the role on sporadic or epidemic diarrhea) considering that the role of asymptomatic individuals as source of dissemination remains unknown.

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