Surface Functionalisation of Polyester Nonwoven Fabrics by Sputter Coating of Titanium Dioxide

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Ning Wu ◽  
Qufu Wei ◽  
Libo Chu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sputter Coating ◽  
Before And After

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) functional films were deposited on the surface of polyester nonwoven fabrics at room temperature by direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to study the topographies and chemical compositions of the functional fabric surfaces, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the interfacial microstructures and adhesion between the substrate and TiO2 coating. The AFM observations indicated that there was a significant difference in the surface morphology of the polyester fibres before and after TiO2 sputter coating. XPS spectra reflected the chemical features of the deposited TiO2 nanostructures. The SEM images showed that TiO2 thin films deposited on the substrate under confirmed processing conditions had unique, fine surfaces and good adhesion to the substrate. It was found that the deposition of TiO2 on the polyester nonwoven fabrics significantly improved their ultraviolet (UV) absorption and antistatic properties.

scholarly journals Synthesis of amphiphilic ABA triblock oligomer via ATRP and its surface properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Shaoqing Wen ◽  
Zhanxiong Li
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Magnetic Resonances

A series of novel amphiphilic ABA-type poly(tridecafluorooctylacrylate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(tridecafluorooctylacrylate) (henceforth referred to as p-TDFA-PEG-p-TDFA) triblock oligomers were successfully synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using well-defined Br-PEG-Br as macroinitiator and copper as catalyst. The block oligomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the block oligomers have been obtained with narrow molecular weight distributions of 1.22–1.33. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out to confirm the attachment of p-TDFA-PEG-p-TDFA onto the silicon substrate, together with the chemical compositions of p-TDFA-PEG-p-TDFA. The wetabilities of the oligomer films were measured by water contact angles (CAs). Water CAs of p-TDFA-PEG-p-TDFA film were measured and their morphologies were tested by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The result showed that the CAs of the oligomer films, which possess fluoroalkyl groups assembled on the outer surface, increase after heating due to the migration of fluoroalkyl groups and the resulted microphase separation of the p-TDFA-PEG-p-TDFA.

Characterization of X-ray irradiated graphene oxide coatings using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Blanton ◽  
Debasis Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbon Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After

In an effort to study an alternative approach to make graphene from graphene oxide (GO), exposure of GO to high-energy X-ray radiation has been performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to characterize GO before and after irradiation. Results indicate that GO exposed to high-energy radiation is converted to an amorphous carbon phase that is conductive.

scholarly journals Application of Plasma Activation in Flame-Retardant Treatment for Cotton Fabric

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen Thi ◽  
Khanh Vu Thi Hong ◽  
Thanh Ngo Ha ◽  
Duy-Nam Phan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Plasma Activation

Cotton fabric treated by Pyrovatex CP New (PCN) and Knittex FFRC (K-FFRC) using the Pad-dry-cure method showed an excellent fire-retardant effect. However, it needed to be cured at high temperatures for a long time leading to a high loss of mechanical strength. In this study, atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (APDBD) plasma was applied to the cotton fabric, which then was treated by flame retardants (FRs) using the pad–dry-cure method. The purpose was to have a flame-retardant cotton fabric (limiting oxygen index (LOI) ≥ 25) and a mechanical loss of the treated fabric due to the curing step as low as possible. To achieve this goal, 10 experiments were performed. The vertical flammability characteristics, LOI value and tensile strength of the treated fabrics were measured. A response model between the LOI values of the treated fabric and two studied variables (temperature and time of the curing step) was found. It was predicted that the optimal temperature and time-to-cure to achieve LOI of 25 was at 160 °C for 90 s, while the flame-retardant treatment process without plasma pretreatment, was at 180 °C and 114 s. Although the curing temperature and the time have decreased significantly, the loss of mechanical strength of the treated fabric is still high. The tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fabric after plasma activation show that the plasma treatment itself also damages the mechanical strength of the fabric. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the fabric after plasma activation and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the flame retardant-treated (FRT) fabric clarified the role of plasma activation in this study.

scholarly journals Comparative abrasive wear resistance and surface analysis of dental resin-based materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maleeha Nayyer ◽  
Shahreen Zahid ◽  
Syed Hammad Hassan ◽  
Salman Aziz Mian ◽  
Sana Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Roughness Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the surface properties (microhardness and wear resistance) of various composites and compomer materials. In addition, the methodologies used for assessing wear resistance were compared. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using restorative material (Filtek Z250, Filtek Z350, QuiXfil, SureFil SDR, and Dyract XP) to assess wear resistance. A custom-made toothbrush simulator was employed for wear testing. Before and after wear resistance, structural, surface, and physical properties were assessed using various techniques. Results: Structural changes and mass loss were observed after treatment, whereas no significant difference in terms of microhardness was observed. The correlation between atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometer and between wear resistance and filler volume was highly significant. The correlation between wear resistance and microhardness were insignificant. Conclusions: The AFM presented higher precision compared to optical profilometers at a nanoscale level, but both methods can be used in tandem for a more detailed and precise roughness analysis.

Growth and Characterization of Iron Nanoparticle Catalysts for Nanomaterial Synthesis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Lombardo ◽  
Andrew C. Lysaght ◽  
Daniel G. Goberman ◽  
Wilson K. S. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanoparticle Catalysts ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles ◽  
Quartz Substrates

The properties and structure of nanoscale particles can vary widely from their bulk counterparts. In order to use nanoparticles effectively one must first have an understanding of their composition. In this study, Fe nanoparticles were grown on fused quartz substrates using a method that allows for varying particle size and surface coverage by altering the particle deposition time. The resulting particles were analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in order to understand how nanoparticle composition evolves as a function of deposition time. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to correlate the changes in size and surface density of the Fe particles with the changes in the XPS spectra as deposition time was varied. Knowledge gained through this study will be used to optimize the growth of Fe nanoparticles for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) synthesis.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION STUDY OF VANADIUM PENTOXIDE XEROGELS DOPED BY BOVINE ALBUMIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650058
Author(s):  
R. SEREIKA ◽  
S. KACIULIS ◽  
A. MEZZI ◽  
M. BRUCALE
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Protonated Amine ◽  
Vanadium Ions

Metal–bioorganic compounds of vanadium pentoxide and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Fraction V) were obtained by using sol–gel method. Series of the samples (BSA)xV2O[Formula: see text]H2O, where [Formula: see text], 0.01 and 0.001, were originally produced by the synthesis of vanadium pentoxide xerogels and subsequent blending with water-dissolved BSA in appropriate molar ratios. It was evident that the gelation process does not occur for [Formula: see text]. For the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, the thin layers of these materials were prepared by drying the gel onto the glass and mica substrates. The surface morphology of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. It follows from the analysis of experimental XPS spectra of (BSA)xV2O[Formula: see text]H2O that the nitrogen ions in pure albumin and in (BSA)[Formula: see text]V2O[Formula: see text]H2O are present in imine, amine and protonated amine groups. The additional protonated amine arises when the concentration of albumin in (BSA)xV2O[Formula: see text]H2O is low ([Formula: see text]). Increasing the amount of albumin results in decrease of the number of oxygen ions bonded to vanadium. At the same time (with increase of albumin), the component of oxygen bounded to carbon and nitrogen is increasing. In the samples with greater amount of albumin, the reduction of vanadium ions occurs. This means that the trivalent and tetravalent vanadium ions are present together with pentavalent ones.

Effects of Carbon Ion on Glassy Carbon Electrode as Chemical Sensor

2009 ◽  
Vol 1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bopha Chhay ◽  
Lynn Bowman ◽  
Daryush Ila
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

AbstractGlassy polymeric carbon (GPC) is a material commonly used for making electrodes for cyclic voltammetric (CV) and amperometric measurements. Previous work done at Alabama A&M University (AAMU) has shown that high energy ion beams can be used to improve the physical properties of GPC in general. In this work, we fabricated a glassy polymeric carbon electrode and we used carbon ions to activate it. Surface analyses including Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to compare the changes in surface morphology and structure before and after carbon ion bombardment.

CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINUM SURFACES AFTER DIFFERENT PRETREATMENTS AND EXPOSURE TO SILANE COUPLING AGENTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 08 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KONO ◽  
X. SUN ◽  
R. LI ◽  
K. C. WONG ◽  
K. A. R. MITCHELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Aluminum Surfaces

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to characterize surfaces of aluminum which have been pretreated by mechanical polishing, acid etching and alkaline etching, as well as given subsequent exposures to air and water. These surfaces can differ markedly with regard to their chemical compositions and topographical structures. Characterizations of these surfaces after exposures to three organosilanes, γ-GPS, BTSE and γ-APS, indicate that the amount of silane adsorbed in each case shows a tendency to increase both with the number of OH groups detected at the oxidized aluminum and with the surface roughness. The XPS data are consistent with the adhesion of γ-APS occurring through H bonding, especially via NH3+ groups.

scholarly journals Variations of Micropores in Oil Reservoir Before and After Strong Alkaline Alkaline-surfactant-polymer Flooding

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Bai ◽  
Yang Chunmei ◽  
Liu Mei ◽  
Jiang Zhenxue
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Micropore Structure ◽  
Asp Flooding ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alkaline Surfactant Polymer

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) provides a significant contribution for increasing output of crude oil. Alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP), as an effective chemical method of EOR, has played an important role in advancing crude oil output of the Daqing oilfield, China. Chemical flooding utilized in the process of ASP EOR has produced concerned damage to the reservoir, especially from the strong alkali of ASP, and variations of micropore structure of sandstones in the oil reservoirs restrain output of crude oil in the late stages of oilfield development. Laboratory flooding experiments were conducted to study sandstones’ micropore structure behavior at varying ASP flooding stages. Qualitative and quantitative analysis by cast thin section, scanning electric microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron probe X-Ray microanalysis (EPMA) explain the mechanisms of sandstones’ micropore structure change. According to the quantitative analysis, as the ASP dose agent increases, the pore width and pore depth exhibit a tendency of decrease-increase-decrease, and the specific ASP flooding stage is found in which flooding stage is most affective from the perspective of micropore structures. With the analysis of SEM images and variations of mineral compositions of samples, the migration of intergranular particles, the corrosions of clay, feldspar and quartz, and formation of new intergranular substances contribute to the alterations of sandstone pore structure. Results of this study provide significant guidance for further application to ASP flooding.

scholarly journals Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 494-507
Author(s):  
Robert Kozioł ◽  
Marcin Łapiński ◽  
Paweł Syty ◽  
Damian Koszelow ◽  
Wojciech Sadowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasmonic Nanostructures ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Initial Layer ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ag-based plasmonic nanostructures were manufactured by thermal annealing of thin metallic films. Structure and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM images show that the formation of nanostructures is influenced by the initial layer thickness as well as the temperature and the time of annealing. The Ag 3d and Ag 4d XPS spectra are characteristic of nanostructures. The quality of the nanostructures, in terms of their use as plasmonic platforms, is reflected in the UV–vis absorption spectra. The absorption spectrum is dominated by a maximum in the range of 450–500 nm associated with the plasmon resonance. As the initial layer thickness increases, an additional peak appears around 350 nm, which probably corresponds to the quadrupole resonance. For calculations leading to a better illustration of absorption, scattering and overall absorption of light in Ag nanoparticles, the Mie theory is employed. Absorbance and the distribution of the electromagnetic field around the nanostructures are calculated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. For calculations a novel approach based on modelling the whole sample with a realistic shape of the nanoparticles, instead of full spheres, was used. This led to a very good agreement with the experiment.

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