Method for validating the train motion equations used for passenger rail vehicle simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Douglas ◽  
Paul Weston ◽  
David Kirkwood ◽  
Stuart Hillmansen ◽  
Clive Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Software ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Rail Vehicle ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Fundamental Equations ◽  
Train Simulation

Train simulation software is conventionally validated by checking simulation results against equivalent data collected from real train runs. It is typically expected that these results will be within 5–10% accuracy of the recorded data. However, such a large margin could allow errors in the programming to be overlooked, resulting in an inaccurate model. This paper presents a method for error checking and validating the kinematics of train simulators based on comparison with calculated results, which are found by solving the fundamental equations governing train motion. A typical train run comprises of a combination of two or more of the four stages: accelerating, cruising, coasting and braking. Each stage is considered as a separate scenario for which the equations must be solved, in order to find the running time, distance travelled and energy consumption of the vehicle. This validation method is applied to two train movement simulators currently used for research. Certain specific scenarios for which analytical solutions are available are run in each simulator. The differences from the analytical solution in each test case are quantified, allowing the simulators to be compared to each other and the exact solution.

A simplified iterative approach for testing the pulse derailment of light rail vehicles across a viaduct to near-fault earthquake scenarios

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972098741
Author(s):  
Ling-Kun Chen ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Li-Ming Zhu ◽  
Jing-Bo Ding ◽  
Yu-Lin Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Light Rail Transit ◽  
Seismic Responses ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Rail Vehicle ◽  
Pulse Type ◽  
The Impact

Near-fault (NF) earthquakes cause severe bridge damage, particularly urban bridges subjected to light rail transit (LRT), which could affect the safety of the light rail transit vehicle (“light rail vehicle” or “LRV” for short). Now when a variety of studies on the fault fracture effect on the working protection of LRVs are available for the study of cars subjected to far-reaching soil motion (FFGMs), further examination is appropriate. For the first time, this paper introduced the LRV derailment mechanism caused by pulse-type near-fault ground motions (NFGMs), suggesting the concept of pulse derailment. The effects of near-fault ground motions (NFGMs) are included in an available numerical process developed for the LRV analysis of the VBI system. A simplified iterative algorithm is proposed to assess the stability and nonlinear seismic response of an LRV-reinforced concrete (RC) viaduct (LRVBRCV) system to a long-period NFGMs using the dynamic substructure method (DSM). Furthermore, a computer simulation software was developed to compute the nonlinear seismic responses of the VBI system to pulse-type NFGMs, non-pulse-type NFGMs, and FFGMs named Dynamic Interaction Analysis for Light-Rail-Vehicle Bridge System (DIALRVBS). The nonlinear bridge seismic reaction determines the impact of pulses on lateral peak earth acceleration (Ap) and lateral peak land (Vp) ratios. The analysis results quantify the effects of pulse-type NFGMs seismic responses on the LRV operations' safety. In contrast with the pulse-type non-pulse NFGMs and FFGMs, this article's research shows that pulse-type NFGM derail trains primarily via the transverse velocity pulse effect. Hence, this study's results and the proposed method can improve the LRT bridges' seismic designs.

Integrated Methodology for Investigation of Wagon Bogie Concepts by Simulation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. N. Ahmad ◽  
C. Cole ◽  
M. Spiryagin ◽  
Y. Q. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Multibody Simulation ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Train Simulation

Implementation of a new bogie concept is an integrated part of the vehicle design which must follow a rigorous testing and validation procedure. Use of multibody simulation helps to reduce the amount of time and effort required in selecting a new concept design by analysing results of simulated dynamic behaviour of the proposed design. However, the multibody simulation software mainly looks at the dynamics of a single vehicle; hence, forces from the train configuration operational dynamics are often absent in such simulations. Effects of longitudinal-lateral and longitudinal-vertical interactions between rail vehicles have been found to affect the stability of long trains [1,2]. The effect of wedge design on the vertical dynamics of a bogie has also been discussed in [3,4]. It is important to apply the lateral and vertical forces from a train simulation into a single multibody model of a wagon to check its behaviour when operating in train configuration. In this paper, a novel methodology for the investigation of new bogie designs has been proposed based on integrating dynamic train simulation and the multibody vehicle modelling concept that will help to efficiently achieve the most suitable design of the bogie. The proposed methodology suggests that simulation of any configuration of bogie needs to be carried out in three stages. As the first stage, the bogie designs along with the wagon configurations need to be presented as a multibody model in multibody simulation software to test the suitability of the concept. The model checking needs to be carried out in accordance with the wagon model acceptance procedure established in [5]. As the second stage, the wagon designs need to be tested in train configurations using a longitudinal train dynamics simulation software such as ‘CRE-LTS’ [2], where a train set consisting of the locomotives and wagons will be simulated to give operational wagon parameters such as lateral and vertical coupler force components. As the third stage, the detailed dynamic analysis of bogies and wagons needs to be performed with a multibody software such as ‘Gensys’ where lateral and vertical coupler force components from the train simulation (second stage) will be applied on the multibody model to replicate the worst case scenario. The proposed methodology enhances the selection procedure of any alternate bogie concept by the application of simulated train and vehicle dynamics. The simulated case studies show that simulation of wagon dynamic behaviour in multibody software combined with data obtained from longitudinal train simulation is not only possible, but it can identify issues with a bogie design that can otherwise be overlooked.

Estimation of ambient temperature impact on vertical dynamic behaviour of passenger rail vehicle with damaged wheels

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 5179-5188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stasys Steišūnas ◽  
Gintautas Bureika ◽  
Gediminas Vaičiūnas ◽  
Marijonas Bogdevičius ◽  
Olegas Lunys
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Rail Vehicle ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Temperature Impact

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Different Objectives Functions for the Minimal Fuel Drive Cycle Optimization in Autonomous Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niket Prakash ◽  
Youngki Kim ◽  
Anna G. Stefaopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Minimization ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Controllers ◽  
Resistance Forces

With the advent of self-driving autonomous vehicles, vehicle controllers are free to drive their own velocities. This feature can be exploited to drive an optimal velocity trajectory that minimizes fuel consumption. Two typical approaches to drive cycle optimization are velocity smoothing and tractive energy minimization. The former reduces accelerations and decelerations, and hence, it does not require information of vehicle parameters and resistance forces. On the other hand, the latter reduces tractive energy demand at the wheels of a vehicle. In this work, utilizing an experimentally validated full vehicle simulation software, we show that for conventional gasoline vehicles the lower energy velocity trajectory can consume as much fuel as the velocity smoothing case. This implies that the easily implementable, vehicle agnostic velocity smoothing optimization can be used for velocity optimization rather than the nonlinear tractive energy minimization, which results in a pulse-and-glide trajectory.

Estimating Pacejka (PAC2002) Tire Coefficients for Pneumatic Tires on Soft Soils With Application to BAJA SAE Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Saunders ◽  
Darris White ◽  
Marc Compere
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Stress Integration

Abstract BAJA SAE is an engineering competition that challenges teams to design single-seat all-terrain vehicles that participate in a vast number of events, predominately on soft soils. Efficient performance in the events depends on the traction forces, which are dependent on the mechanical properties of the soil. To accurately model vehicle performance for each event, a model of the tire traction performance is required, and the tire model must be incorporated with a vehicle dynamics simulation. The traction forces at the soil-tire interface can be estimated using the Bekker-Wong stress integration method. However, commercially available vehicle dynamics simulation software, with a focus on on-road vehicles, does not utilize Bekker-Wong parameters. The Pacejka Magic Tire (MT) Formula is a common method for characterizing tire behavior for on-road vehicles. The parameters for the Pacejka MT Formula are usually produced by curve fitting measured tire data. The lack of available measured off-road tire data, as well as the additional variables for off-road tire performance (e.g. soil mechanics), make it difficult for BAJA SAE teams to simulate vehicle performance using commercial vehicle simulation tools. This paper discusses the process and results for estimating traction performance using the Bekker-Wong stress integration method for soft soils and then deriving the Pacejka coefficients based on the Bekker-Wong method. The process will enable teams to use the Pacejka Magic Tire Formula coefficients for simulating vehicle performance for BAJA SAE events, such as the hill climb, (off-road) land maneuverability, tractor pull, etc.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Co-Simulation Framework for Testing of Automated Driving Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demin Nalic ◽  
Aleksa Pandurevic ◽  
Arno Eichberger ◽  
Branko Rogic
Keyword(s):  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Mvc Design Pattern ◽  
Traffic Flow Simulation ◽  
Model View Controller ◽  
Test Scenarios ◽  
Model View

The increasingly used approach of combining different simulation softwares in testing of automated driving systems (ADSs) increases the need for potential and convenient software designs. Recently developed co-simulation platforms (CSPs) provide the possibility to cover the high demand for testing kilometers for ADSs by combining vehicle simulation software (VSS) with traffic flow simulation software (TFSS) environments. The emphasis on the demand for testing kilometers is not enough to choose a suitable CSP. The complexity levels of the vehicle, object, sensors, and environment models used are essential for valid and representative simulation results. Choosing a suitable CSP raises the question of how the test procedures should be defined and constructed and what the relevant test scenarios are. Parameters of the ADS, environments, objects, and sensors in the VSS, as well as traffic parameters in the TFSS, can be used to define and generate test scenarios. In order to generate a large number of scenarios in a systematic and automated way, suitable and appropriate software designs are required. In this paper, we present a software design for a CSP based on the Model–View–Controller (MVC) design pattern as well as an implementation of a complex CSP for virtual testing of ADSs. Based on this design, an implementation of a CSP is presented using the VSS from IPG Automotive (CarMaker) and the TFSS from the PTV Group (Vissim). The results showed that the presented CSP design and the implementation of the co-simulation can be used to generate relevant scenarios for testing of ADSs.

scholarly journals Off-Road Motorbike Performance Analysis Using a Rear Semiactive EH Suspension

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge de-J. Lozoya-Santos ◽  
Damián Cervantes-Muñoz ◽  
Juan Carlos Tudón-Martínez ◽  
Ricardo A. Ramírez-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Frequency Estimation ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Motorcycle Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Performance

The topic of this paper is the analysis of a control system for a semiactive rear suspension in an off-road two-wheeled vehicle. Several control methods are studied, as well as the recently proposed Frequency Estimation Based (FEB) algorithm. The motorcycle dynamics, as well as the passive, and semiactive dampers, and the algorithm controlled shock absorber models are loaded into BikeSim, a professional two-wheeled vehicle simulation software, and tested in several road conditions. The results show a detailed comparison of the theoretical performance of the different control approaches in a novel environment for semiactive dampers.

Simulation Analysis of Emergency Evacuation on Large Passenger Rail Terminal

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Ying Hui Liang ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Pan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
It Use ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Terminal Operations

Emergency evacuation of large passenger station passenger terminal operations management is an important part of management. In this paper, it use legion simulation software, on the Beijing South Railway Station passenger emergency evacuation simulation test, first introduced the Legion simulation software and simulation process, followed by the design of the total number of 5000 and 10,000 people in different device configurations evacuation simulation program; re-use simulation software legion For each program the simulation analysis, the number of the simulation program evacuation and evacuation density optimization Finally, emergency evacuation measures and proposals for the reasonable development of passenger flow planning and organization of decision support programs.

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