Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-466
Author(s):  
Debra W. Kemp ◽  
Jamie N. Brown ◽  
Toyin S. Tofade
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Body System ◽  
Immunological Function ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
New Treatments

Many unique and clinically important medications were approved by the Food and Drug Administration from December 2007 through May 2008 for various conditions encountered in an internal medicine setting. These new treatments dramatically vary in their targeted body system and include agents for the cardiovascular system (nebivolol), central nervous system (desvenlafaxine), gastrointestinal tract (certolizumab, methylnaltrexone, and alvimopan), immunological function (etravirine), and metabolic function (sapropterin). This article discusses medications by their respective body system. Each review is comprised of an overview of the Food and Drug Administration–approved indication and the drug’s role in treatment of that disease state. Current dosing guidance, clinical efficacy and clinically relevant adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, contraindications, and precautions are also presented. This review is designed to focus on the new molecular entities and biological approvals clinicians may potentially encounter in an internal medicine practice.

A novel electrochemical analysis of the legal psychoactive drug caffeine using a zeolite/MWCNT modified carbon paste sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (38) ◽  
pp. 15359-15367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen M. Azab ◽  
M. Shehata ◽  
Amany M. Fekry
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Psychoactive Drug ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Maximal Amount ◽  
Central Nervous System Stimulant ◽  
The Us

Caffeine (Caf) is a natural central nervous system stimulant categorized by the US Food and Drug Administration as a safe drug and its maximal amount in soft drinks has been approximately determined to be lower than 200 mg L−1.

Myxedema Coma

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn E. Allison ◽  
Julie D. Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Myxedema Coma ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Slow Onset

Thyroid hormones influence every metabolic function of the body. Inadequate amounts of circulating thyroid hormone cause dysfunction of two systems in particular that result in abnormal responses to anesthesia: the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Physiologic compensation for the slow onset of hypothyroidism can mask the degree of dysfunction and make diagnosis challenging. Stressors associated with surgery and anesthesia can aggravate coexisting hypothyroidism and trigger severe life-threatening hypothyroidism (myxedema). This chapter reviews the pathophysiology involved in hypothyroidism, identifies populations at risk for myxedema coma, and provides a stepwise treatment plan for these patients.

Description of a Case of Acute Neurological Toxicity after DTIC-Adriamycin-Vincristine Therapy.

1975 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Rosso ◽  
Fulvio Brema ◽  
Gianfranco Porcile
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Neurological Toxicity

A case of acute neurological toxicity was observed in a patient with a retroperitoneal fibromyxosarcoma treated with DTIC (NSC-45382), Adriamycin and Vincristine. The neurological symptoms started one hour after drug administration and rapidly declined with symptomatic therapy; no EEG and scintigraphic changes were detectable. The case is discussed in relation to central nervous system complications reported by other authors, following administration of DTIC and Adriamycin.

The Influence of Functional Circulatory Disturbances on the Central Nervous System

1930 ◽  
Vol 76 (315) ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Spielmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Circulatory Disturbances ◽  
Do So

If I may be allowed to speak to you about the importance of functional impediments to the circulation, I would like to do so from the point of view of the anatomist. I shall not speak about the clinical and physiological observations in neuropathology and internal medicine; I want rather to begin with the deductions to which the anatomist is led by his own methods, independent of clinical facts and questions.

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