Dynamic and static mechanical properties of PP/EVA blend nanocomposites: Effects of type of masterbatch preparation technique and nature of compatibilizer

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110442
Author(s):  
Emre Tekay ◽  
Salih Doğu ◽  
Sinan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Polypropylene (PP)/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) nanocomposites were prepared with use of 3 wt% of organophilic halloysite nanotubes (Org-HNTs) and 3 types of compatibilizers in two steps. First, masterbatchs of EVA and the compatibilizers with the Org-HNT were prepared by two different preparation techniques; melt masterbatch (MM) and solution masterbatch (SM). The masterbatchs were then melt compounded with PP in the second step. Special attention was paid to effects of nature of compatibilizer and masterbatch preparation technique on morphology-mechanical property relationship for the composites. Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide) (EVACO) and maleic anhydride grafted EVA (EVA-g-MA) were used as EVA-based compatibilizers which gave a homogeneous distribution of the nanotubes in the matrix and at the matrix-elastomer interphase as compared to maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA). The both masterbatch techniques provided a core-shell morphology composed of nanotubes as core surrounded with elastomer phase as a shell, which led to higher toughness and impact resistance for the composites. Particularly, the EVACO compatibilizer provided the highest toughness, tensile modulus and impact resistance for 3% Org-HNT loaded nanocomposite produced with the SM technique. The same nanocomposite was found to act as an effective damper with an optimum modulus in a broad range of temperature and show a relatively higher creep resistance than the counterpart produced with the MMT technique. It also exhibited 66% higher scratch resistance compared to the PP/EVA blend, which makes it advantageous for the visible parts in automotive applications.

Effects of EVA-g-MA and EVACO compatibilizers/tougheners on morphological and mechanical properties of PP/EVA/HNT blend polymer nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 2195-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Doğu ◽  
Emre Tekay ◽  
Sinan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Blend Polymer ◽  
Blend Nanocomposites

A series of polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blend nanocomposites was produced by utilizing different amounts of organophilic halloysite nanotube (Org-HNT) and EVA-based compatibilizers/tougheners. They were prepared by using either only EVA elastomer or using EVA with the compatibilizers which are maleic anhydride grafted EVA (EVA-g-MA) and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide) (EVACO) as well as maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA). The morphology–mechanical property relationship was investigated as a function of nature of the compatibilizer and the amount of aluminosilicate nanotube/compatibilizer. The composites prepared without using the EVA-based compatibilizers in all nanotube loading degrees (1%, 3%, 5%) exhibited nanotube aggregates as evidenced by scanning electron microscope analyses. On the other hand, EVA-g-MA and EVACO provided a good dispersion of HNTs at both PP–EVA interface and in the PP matrix. The use of compatibilizers together with 3% Org-HNT resulted in PP/EVA blend nanocomposites with higher tensile modulus and toughness when compared to PP/EVA blend. Particularly, EVACO compatibilizer having highly polar carbonyl group at its backbone provided the highest toughness and Young’s modulus as well as impact resistance for the 3% Org-HNT loaded nanocomposite while retaining the yield strength as an indication of a good balance between stiffness/toughness.

Mechanical and morphological properties of modified halloysite nanotube filled ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvendu Padhi ◽  
P. Ganga Raju Achary ◽  
Nimai C. Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

AbstractHalloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were modified by γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) as it interacts with the aluminol and silanol groups of HNTs present at the edges and surfaces of HNTs. The polymer composites were prepared by means of the solution casting method with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer having 45% vinyl acetate (VA) content with different weight percent of modified HNTs (m-HNTs). The modification of the HNTs by γ-MPS increases the interfacial and inter-tubular interactions and the degree of dispersion of the HNTs within the EVA matrix which manifest from increase in crosslinking density. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus and tear strength of nanocomposites were found to increase because of m-HNT. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the crystalline percentage decreases for EVA/m-HNT nanocomposites were due to the strong interaction between EVA matrix and filler. Also, the EVA/m-HNT nanocomposites exhibited better thermal stability due to the strong inter-tubular interaction.

Wear Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Fibers Filled with Inorganic Fillers

2006 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihira Irisawa ◽  
Masatoshi Shioya ◽  
Haruki Kobayashi ◽  
Junichi Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Polymeric Fibers ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pet Fibers ◽  
Inorganic Fillers ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractThe wear resistance and the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composite fibers filled with inorganic fillers have been investigated in order to find out the way to increase the wear resistance of the fibers without losing tensile modulus and strength. Nylon 6 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been used as the matrix polymer and aluminum borate whisker and carbon nanotube have been used as the fillers. The wear resistance of the fibers has been evaluated by observing the fiber cross section after the side of the fiber was worn using a rotating drum covered with abrasive paper. The wear resistance of the nylon 6 and PET fibers was increased by the addition of these fillers without the loss of tensile modulus and strength. The effects of the addition of the fillers on the wear resistance have been compared with the effects of stretching and heat treatment of the fibers.

scholarly journals Aluminum-Filled Amorphous-PET, a Composite Showing Simultaneous Increase in Modulus and Impact Resistance

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2038
Author(s):  
Arfat Anis ◽  
Ahmed Yagoub Elnour ◽  
Mohammad Asif Alam ◽  
Saeed M. Al-Zahrani ◽  
Fayez AlFayez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
First Case ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Metal Filler ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Metal-plastic composites have the potential to combine enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity with a lower density than a pure metal. The drawback has often been brittleness and low impact resistance caused by weak adhesion between the metal filler and the plastic. Based on our observation that aluminum foil sticks very strongly to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) if it is used as a backing during compression moulding, this work set out to explore PET filled with a micro and a nano aluminum (Al) powder. In line with other composites using filler particles with low aspect-ratio, the tensile modulus increased somewhat with loading. However, unlike most particle composites, the strength did not decrease and most surprisingly, the Izod impact resistance increased, and in fact more than doubled with certain compositions. Thus, the Al particles acted as a toughening agent without decreasing the modulus and strength. This would be the first case where addition of a metal powder to a plastic increased the modulus and impact resistance simultaneously. The Al particles also acted as nucleating agents but it was not sufficient to make PET crystallize as fast as the injection moulding polyester, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT).

Vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) composites with electrical-active two-way shape memory behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 2749-2756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Qian ◽  
Yaofeng Zhu ◽  
Yubing Dong ◽  
Yaqin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofiber

Vapor-grown carbon nanofibers were filled into poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) through solution mixing to achieve electrical-active two-way shape memory. The vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) nanocomposites were systematically and explicitly investigated through combined analytical techniques. Experimental results showed an increase in crystallization temperature ( Tc) and a decrease in melting temperature ( Tm) as the vapor-grown carbon nanofiber concentration in the nanocomposites increased. This result indicates that carbon nanofibers can act as nucleating agents during crystallization but may hinder the formation of thermodynamically stable crystals. The nanocomposites had a higher modulus but a lower strength than pure poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate). In two-way shape memory testing, a decrease in reversible strain and shape recovery occurred in the nanocomposites. Nevertheless, obvious two-way shape switching was observed in all samples during cyclic heating and cooling. The nanocomposite with 15% vapor-grown carbon nanofibers could be electrically heated rapidly and uniformly because of the high conductivity of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers and their uniform distribution in the matrix. Finally, the electrical-active two-way shape memory effect was achieved. This work contributes to the design of electrical-active two-way shape memory polymers in device applications for advanced functions.

Effect of nanoclay addition on mechanical and thermal behavior of vinyl ester based nanocomposites obtained by casting

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Sepet ◽  
Necmettin Tarakçıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nanoclay Content ◽  
Dsc Curves

This paper presents the experimental study of mechanical and thermal properties of organically modified montmorillonite clay (Nanoclay) (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt.%) in the vinyl ester matrix by ultrasonic stirrer. The changes in mechanical properties are investigated by using tensile and impact testing machine. It was found that the addition of nanoclay particles significantly improved tensile properties of pure vinyl ester, but impact properties of pure vinyl ester were affected negatively with the nanoclay content in the nanocomposite. It was found that the absorbed energy and impact resistance of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing the nanoclay content. DSC curves showed the glass transition temperature change in the nanoclay reinforced vinyl ester nanocomposites as compared to the pure vinyl ester. XRD analysis was performed to identify the structure of nanocomposites. SEM results showed the change in fracture surface morphology of nanoclay reinforced vinyl ester nanocomposite. Also, homogeneous distribution of nanoclays in the matrix was showed by SEM micrographs. This observation helped in identifying the morphology of the nanocaly in the vinyl ester matrix.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Tatjana Haramina ◽  
Daniel Pugar ◽  
Darko Ivančević ◽  
Ivica Smojver
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Poly Ethylene

The capability of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (E/MAA) to self-heal is well known, however, its mechanical properties are weak. In this study, composites with single and double layers of unidirectional (UD) carbon fibers were prepared by compression molding. Even a low mass fraction of fibers substantially improved the polymer. The flexural and tensile properties were tested at 0°, 45° and 90° fibers direction and compared to those of the matrix. The mechanical properties in the 0° direction proved superior. Flexural properties depended on the reinforcement distance from the stress neutral plane. The tensile modulus in the 0° direction was 13 times greater despite only a 2.5% mass fraction of fibers. However, both tensile modulus and strength were observed to degrade in the 90° direction. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed the dependence of both structure and properties on the thermal history of E/MAA. Tensile tests after ballistic impact showed that the modulus of the self-healed E/MAA was not affected, yet the strength, yield point, and particularly the elongation at break were reduced. A composite with higher fiber content could be prepared by mixing milled E/MAA particles in fibers prior to compression.

Use of Halloysite Nanotubes for the Production of Poly (lactic acid) Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canan E. Yeniova ◽  
Guralp Ozkoc ◽  
Ulku Yilmazer
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Clay Layers

ABSTRACTEnvironmental concerns emphasize the urgent need for the development of biodegradable polymers. In this study, poly (lactic acid) (PLA), being a biodegradable polymer matrix, was used together with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) to enhance its low toughness. In addition, the deterioration in mechanical properties owing to plasticization was tried to be overcome by addition of nanofiller. As nanofiller, two nanotubular halloysite (HNT) types, one local (ESAN HNT) and an imported one (Nanoclay HNT) supplied by Aldrich, were used. As the first step, characterization and purification of local HNT was performed. In the second step, plasticized and unplasticized PLA matrix composites containing 3, 5 and 10 wt % were prepared and their morphological and mechanical analysis were performed. Upon the addition of both ESAN HNT (local HNT) and Nanoclay HNT (imported HNT) no improvement was observed in the basal spacing of the clay layers owing to poor interaction between the matrix and the surface of the nanotubes which should be modified for better dispersion.

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