scholarly journals Aluminum-Filled Amorphous-PET, a Composite Showing Simultaneous Increase in Modulus and Impact Resistance

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2038
Author(s):  
Arfat Anis ◽  
Ahmed Yagoub Elnour ◽  
Mohammad Asif Alam ◽  
Saeed M. Al-Zahrani ◽  
Fayez AlFayez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
First Case ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Metal Filler ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Metal-plastic composites have the potential to combine enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity with a lower density than a pure metal. The drawback has often been brittleness and low impact resistance caused by weak adhesion between the metal filler and the plastic. Based on our observation that aluminum foil sticks very strongly to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) if it is used as a backing during compression moulding, this work set out to explore PET filled with a micro and a nano aluminum (Al) powder. In line with other composites using filler particles with low aspect-ratio, the tensile modulus increased somewhat with loading. However, unlike most particle composites, the strength did not decrease and most surprisingly, the Izod impact resistance increased, and in fact more than doubled with certain compositions. Thus, the Al particles acted as a toughening agent without decreasing the modulus and strength. This would be the first case where addition of a metal powder to a plastic increased the modulus and impact resistance simultaneously. The Al particles also acted as nucleating agents but it was not sufficient to make PET crystallize as fast as the injection moulding polyester, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT).

Wear Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Fibers Filled with Inorganic Fillers

2006 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihira Irisawa ◽  
Masatoshi Shioya ◽  
Haruki Kobayashi ◽  
Junichi Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Polymeric Fibers ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pet Fibers ◽  
Inorganic Fillers ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractThe wear resistance and the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composite fibers filled with inorganic fillers have been investigated in order to find out the way to increase the wear resistance of the fibers without losing tensile modulus and strength. Nylon 6 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been used as the matrix polymer and aluminum borate whisker and carbon nanotube have been used as the fillers. The wear resistance of the fibers has been evaluated by observing the fiber cross section after the side of the fiber was worn using a rotating drum covered with abrasive paper. The wear resistance of the nylon 6 and PET fibers was increased by the addition of these fillers without the loss of tensile modulus and strength. The effects of the addition of the fillers on the wear resistance have been compared with the effects of stretching and heat treatment of the fibers.

scholarly journals Study of nanoclay blends based on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene naphthalene 2,6-dicarboxylate) prepared by reactive extrusion

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foued Zouai ◽  
Said Bouhelal ◽  
M. Esperanza Cagiao ◽  
Fatma Zohra Benabid ◽  
Djafer Benachour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
One Step ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Abstract The success of processing compatible blends, based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(ethylene naphthalene 2,6-dicarboxylate) (PEN)/clay nanocomposites in one step by reactive melt extrusion is described. Untreated clay was first purified and functionalized “in situ” with a compound based on an organic peroxide/sulfur mixture and (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) as the activator for sulfur. The PET and PEN materials were first separately mixed in the molten state with functionalized clay. The PET/4 wt% clay and PEN/7.5 wt% clay compositions showed total exfoliation. These compositions, denoted nPET and nPEN, respectively, were used to prepare new nPET/nPEN nanoblends in the same mixing batch. The nPET/nPEN nanoblends were compared to neat PET/PEN blends. The blends and nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques. Microstructural and nanostructural properties were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the exfoliation of tetrahedral clay nanolayers is complete and the octahedral structure totally disappears. It was shown that total exfoliation, confirmed by wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements, contributes to the enhancement of impact strength and tensile modulus. In addition, WAXS results indicated that all samples are amorphous. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated the occurrence of one glass transition temperature Tg, one crystallization temperature Tc and one melting temperature Tm for every composition. This was evidence that both PET/PEN and nPET/nPEN blends are compatible in the entire range of compositions. In addition, the nPET/nPEN blends showed lower Tc and higher Tm values than the corresponding neat PET/PEN blends. In conclusion, the results obtained indicate that nPET/nPEN blends are different from the pure ones in nanostructure and physical behavior.

scholarly journals Melt-Spun Fibers from Bio-Based Polyester–Fiber Structure Development in High-Speed Melt Spinning of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Wataru Takarada ◽  
Kenichi Sugimoto ◽  
Hajime Nakajima ◽  
Hendrikus A. Visser ◽  
Gert-Jan M. Gruter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Pet Fibers ◽  
Fossil Resource ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Induced Crystallization ◽  
Spun Fibers

Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) is regarded as a bio-based alternative or complementary polyester for the widely used fossil resource-based polyester, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). High-speed melt spinning of PEF of low and high molecular weight (L-PEF, H-PEF) was conducted, and the structure and properties of the resultant as-spun fibers were investigated. The occurrence of orientation-induced crystallization was confirmed for the H-PEF at the take-up velocity of 6.0 km/min, the highest speed for producing PET fibers in the industry. Molecular orientation and crystallinity of the as-spun fibers increased with the increase of take-up velocity, where the H-PEF fibers always showed a higher degree of structural development than the L-PEF fibers. The tensile modulus of the high-speed spun H-PEF fibers was relatively low at 5 GPa, whereas a sufficiently high tensile strength of approximately 500 MPa was measured. These values are adequately high for the application in the general semi-engineering fiber field.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Bio-based and Biodegradable Poly(ethylene-co-isosorbide [2,2'-bithiophene]-5,5'-dicarboxylate) with enhanced Thermal and Degradability Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasilva Wandji ◽  
Naomie Beolle Songwe Selabi
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Melt Polycondensation ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Ligand Free ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Abstract In this investigation, a synthetic biopolymer prepared from bithiophene monomer, isosorbide and ethylene glycol, was synthesized through melt polycondensation. The result showed the polyesters to possess promising thermal and mechanical properties. The bithiophene monomer, [2,2'-bithiophene]-5,5'-dicarboxylicacid acid, was synthesized from a palladium-catalyzed, phosphine ligand-free direct coupling protocol, using polyethylene glycol palladium (Pd/PEG) as catalyst. The procedure was found effective at polymerizing the bithiophene monomer with isosorbide and glycol. The bithiophene polyester displayed several intriguing properties among good thermal resistance, crystallinity and high tensile modulus. Additionally, the bithiophene monomer coupled to isosorbide enhanced the polyester with a comparatively high glass transition temperature. Films cast out these polyesters display excellent oxygen and water barrier properties, and were interestingly superior to those of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Moreover, the novel polyester also has good soil degradability properties.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of composites based on unsaturated polyester resins obtained by chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Marinkovic ◽  
Tijana Radoman ◽  
Enis Dzunuzovic ◽  
Jasna Dzunuzovic ◽  
Pavle Spasojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polyester Resins ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Cloisite 30B ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Composites based on unsaturated polyester (UPe) resins and fumed silica AEROSIL? RY 50, NY 50, RX 50 and NAX 50, as well as graphite, TiO2 or organically modified clay CLOISITE 30B were prepared in order to investigate the influence of reinforcing agents on the mechanical properties of composites. Unsaturated polyester resins were synthesized from maleic anhydride and products of glycolysis, obtained by depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with dipropylene glycol (UPe1 resin) and triethylene glycol (UPe2 resin) in the presence of tetrabutyl titanate catalyst. The obtained unsaturated polyesters were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, acid and hydroxyl values, and their mechanical properties were also examined. Significant increase of the tensile modulus, tensile strength and decrease of the elongation at break was observed for composites prepared after addition of 10 wt.% of graphite or 10 wt.% of TiO2 to the UPe resins, indicating strong interaction between matrix and filler particles. On the other hand, nanocomposites prepared using UPe2 and hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles showed lower tensile strength and tensile modulus than polymer matrix. The presence of CLOISITE 30B had no significant influence on the mechanical properties of UPe1, while tensile strength and tensile modulus of UPe2 increased after adding 10 wt.% of clay.

scholarly journals Impact of Overlapping Collector on Orientated Deposition of Electrospun Nanofibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Changfu Fang ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Lei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Biological Engineering ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Pet Film

Standard electrospinning deposits disorderly nanofibers on a conducting collector owing to unstable whipping of the jet. Nevertheless, biological engineering requires orderly electrospun nanofibers to improve mechanical properties and cellular proliferation. An attempt is made to fabricate well-orientated nanofibers by applying an overlapping collector. It turns out that electrospinning deposits random and disorderly nanofibers as usual even if conducting aluminum foil, as a collector, overlaps insulating poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film. When insulating PET film overlapping aluminum foil is applied as a collector, the PET film accumulates ions to repel the whipping filament in the space while nonoverlapping aluminum foil attracts the filament such that electrospinning deposits orientated nanofibers on the insulating PET film.

Dynamic and static mechanical properties of PP/EVA blend nanocomposites: Effects of type of masterbatch preparation technique and nature of compatibilizer

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110442
Author(s):  
Emre Tekay ◽  
Salih Doğu ◽  
Sinan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Polypropylene (PP)/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) nanocomposites were prepared with use of 3 wt% of organophilic halloysite nanotubes (Org-HNTs) and 3 types of compatibilizers in two steps. First, masterbatchs of EVA and the compatibilizers with the Org-HNT were prepared by two different preparation techniques; melt masterbatch (MM) and solution masterbatch (SM). The masterbatchs were then melt compounded with PP in the second step. Special attention was paid to effects of nature of compatibilizer and masterbatch preparation technique on morphology-mechanical property relationship for the composites. Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide) (EVACO) and maleic anhydride grafted EVA (EVA-g-MA) were used as EVA-based compatibilizers which gave a homogeneous distribution of the nanotubes in the matrix and at the matrix-elastomer interphase as compared to maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA). The both masterbatch techniques provided a core-shell morphology composed of nanotubes as core surrounded with elastomer phase as a shell, which led to higher toughness and impact resistance for the composites. Particularly, the EVACO compatibilizer provided the highest toughness, tensile modulus and impact resistance for 3% Org-HNT loaded nanocomposite produced with the SM technique. The same nanocomposite was found to act as an effective damper with an optimum modulus in a broad range of temperature and show a relatively higher creep resistance than the counterpart produced with the MMT technique. It also exhibited 66% higher scratch resistance compared to the PP/EVA blend, which makes it advantageous for the visible parts in automotive applications.

Effects of EVA-g-MA and EVACO compatibilizers/tougheners on morphological and mechanical properties of PP/EVA/HNT blend polymer nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 2195-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Doğu ◽  
Emre Tekay ◽  
Sinan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Blend Polymer ◽  
Blend Nanocomposites

A series of polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blend nanocomposites was produced by utilizing different amounts of organophilic halloysite nanotube (Org-HNT) and EVA-based compatibilizers/tougheners. They were prepared by using either only EVA elastomer or using EVA with the compatibilizers which are maleic anhydride grafted EVA (EVA-g-MA) and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide) (EVACO) as well as maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA). The morphology–mechanical property relationship was investigated as a function of nature of the compatibilizer and the amount of aluminosilicate nanotube/compatibilizer. The composites prepared without using the EVA-based compatibilizers in all nanotube loading degrees (1%, 3%, 5%) exhibited nanotube aggregates as evidenced by scanning electron microscope analyses. On the other hand, EVA-g-MA and EVACO provided a good dispersion of HNTs at both PP–EVA interface and in the PP matrix. The use of compatibilizers together with 3% Org-HNT resulted in PP/EVA blend nanocomposites with higher tensile modulus and toughness when compared to PP/EVA blend. Particularly, EVACO compatibilizer having highly polar carbonyl group at its backbone provided the highest toughness and Young’s modulus as well as impact resistance for the 3% Org-HNT loaded nanocomposite while retaining the yield strength as an indication of a good balance between stiffness/toughness.

Fabrication of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene-based elastomer blends with balanced stiffness-toughness: The effect of reactive compatibilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572097323
Author(s):  
He-Zhi He ◽  
Shi-Ming Liu ◽  
Yi-Ping Ni ◽  
Feng Xue ◽  
Bin Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymer ◽  
In Suit ◽  
The Impact

The PET/PBE blends with a good balance between toughness and stiffness were prepared via a novel elongational rheology extruder. In the light of the thermodynamic factors, EGMA as an interfacial modifier was selectively localized at the interface. When the weight fraction of Ethylene/Methylacrylate/Glycidyl Methacrylate copolymer (EGMA) was 6 wt%, the impact strength of the PET/EGMA/PBE blend soared to 35.00 KJ/m2, which is nearly seven times higher than that of its un-compatibilizer counterpart. Furthermore, compared to the un-compatibilized counterpart, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the PET/EGMA/PBE blend are only reduced by 10% and 13%, respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends can be attributed to the enhanced interfacial reactive compatibilization between PET and PBE, and the fine dispersion of dispersed phase. The in-suit reaction between carboxyl or hydroxy group of PET and epoxy group of EGMA was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In addition, both morphology and rheology characterization results suggested that the improved interfacial combination between PET and PBE was obtained with the inclusion of EGMA.

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