scholarly journals Dependence on dose of the acute effects of ethanol on liver metabolism in vivo.

1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Guynn ◽  
J R Pieklik
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metabolism ◽  
Acute Effects

The neurophysiology of ketamine: an integrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-503
Author(s):  
Rebecca McMillan ◽  
Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Future Work

AbstractThe drug ketamine has been extensively studied due to its use in anaesthesia, as a model of psychosis and, most recently, its antidepressant properties. Understanding the physiology of ketamine is complex due to its rich pharmacology with multiple potential sites at clinically relevant doses. In this review of the neurophysiology of ketamine, we focus on the acute effects of ketamine in the resting brain. We ascend through spatial scales starting with a complete review of the pharmacology of ketamine and then cover its effects on in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology. We then summarise and critically evaluate studies using EEG/MEG and neuroimaging measures (MRI and PET), integrating across scales where possible. While a complicated and, at times, confusing picture of ketamine’s effects are revealed, we stress that much of this might be caused by use of different species, doses, and analytical methodologies and suggest strategies that future work could use to answer these problems.

scholarly journals Iron absorption in hepcidin1 knockout mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1583-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patarabutr Masaratana ◽  
Abas H. Laftah ◽  
Gladys O. Latunde-Dada ◽  
Sophie Vaulont ◽  
Robert J. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Regulatory Peptide ◽  
Fe Uptake

Hepcidin, the Fe-regulatory peptide, has been shown to inhibit Fe absorption and reticuloendothelial Fe recycling. The present study was conducted to explore the mechanism of in vivo Fe regulation through genetic disruption of hepcidin1 and acute effects of hepcidin treatment in hepcidin1 knockout (Hepc1− / − ) and heterozygous mice. Hepcidin1 disruption resulted in significantly increased intestinal Fe uptake. Hepcidin injection inhibited Fe absorption in both genotypes, but the effects were more evident in the knockout mice. Hepcidin administration was also associated with decreased membrane localisation of ferroportin in the duodenum, liver and, most significantly, in the spleen of Hepc1− / −  mice. Hypoferraemia was induced in heterozygous mice by hepcidin treatment, but not in Hepc1− / −  mice, 4 h after injection. Interestingly, Fe absorption and serum Fe levels in Hepc1− / −  and heterozygous mice fed a low-Fe diet were not affected by hepcidin injection. The present study demonstrates that hepcidin deficiency causes increased Fe absorption. The effects of hepcidin were abolished by dietary Fe deficiency, indicating that the response to hepcidin may be influenced by dietary Fe level or Fe status.

scholarly journals An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

10.3791/58456 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Jaworska ◽  
Tomasz Huc ◽  
Marta Gawrys ◽  
Maksymilian Onyszkiewicz ◽  
Emilia Samborowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metabolism ◽  
Em Method

scholarly journals Acute effects of sildenafil and dobutamine in the hypertrophic and failing right heart in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P1168-P1168
Author(s):  
A. Andersen ◽  
J. M. Nielsen ◽  
S. Rasalingam ◽  
E. Sloth ◽  
J. E. Nielsen-Kudsk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Effects ◽  
Right Heart

scholarly journals Exploring In Vivo Dynamics of Bovine Milk Derived Gangliosides

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Welma Stonehouse ◽  
Bradley Klingner ◽  
Paul McJarrow ◽  
Bertram Fong ◽  
Nathan O’Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Overnight Fasting

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids present in mammalian cell membranes, playing important structural and functional roles. Human studies on the health benefits of gangliosides are increasing, but knowledge gaps regarding ganglioside analysis exist. The study aimed to investigate blood sample type (serum/plasma), storage conditions, diurnal, day-to-day variation and acute effects of consuming bovine-derived gangliosides on circulating monosialylated gangliosides. Seventy-one women (18–40 yrs, 20–≤30.0 kg/m2) were enrolled and 61 completed the intervention. They visited the clinic three times following overnight fasting. Serum/plasma gangliosides were analyzed over 2 h (visit-1), 8 h (visit-2) and 8 h following either zero or high ganglioside meals (visit-3). Samples stored at −20 °C and −70 °C were analyzed at 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months. Plasma and serum GM3-gangliosides did not differ, plasma GM3 did not change diurnally, from day-to-day, in response to a high vs. low ganglioside meal or after 7-days low ganglioside vs. habitual diet (P > 0.05). GM3 concentrations were lower in samples stored at −70 °C vs. −20 °C from 6-months onwards and decreased over time with lowest levels at 12- and 18-months stored at −70 °C. In conclusion, either serum/plasma stored at −20- or −70 °C for up to 6 months, are acceptable for GM3-ganglioside analysis. Blood samples can be collected at any time of the day and participants do not have to be in the fasted state.

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