scholarly journals Acute effects of starvation and treatment of rats with anti-insulin serum, glucagon and catecholamines on the state of phosphorylation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in vivo

1987 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-871
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Coa Reductase

In Vivo LDL Receptor and HMG-CoA Reductase Regulation in Human Lymphocytes and Its Alterations During Aging

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 872-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Stulnig ◽  
Helmut Klocker ◽  
H. James Harwood ◽  
Günther Jürgens ◽  
Dieter Schönitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Coa Reductase

The neurophysiology of ketamine: an integrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-503
Author(s):  
Rebecca McMillan ◽  
Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Future Work

AbstractThe drug ketamine has been extensively studied due to its use in anaesthesia, as a model of psychosis and, most recently, its antidepressant properties. Understanding the physiology of ketamine is complex due to its rich pharmacology with multiple potential sites at clinically relevant doses. In this review of the neurophysiology of ketamine, we focus on the acute effects of ketamine in the resting brain. We ascend through spatial scales starting with a complete review of the pharmacology of ketamine and then cover its effects on in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology. We then summarise and critically evaluate studies using EEG/MEG and neuroimaging measures (MRI and PET), integrating across scales where possible. While a complicated and, at times, confusing picture of ketamine’s effects are revealed, we stress that much of this might be caused by use of different species, doses, and analytical methodologies and suggest strategies that future work could use to answer these problems.

Tocotrienols and Cancer: From the State of the Art to Promising Novel Patents

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fontana ◽  
Michela Raimondi ◽  
Monica Marzagalli ◽  
Roberta M. Moretti ◽  
Marina Montagnani Marelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
The State ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Important Health

Background: Tocotrienols (TTs) are vitamin E derivatives naturally occurring in several plants and vegetable oils. Like Tocopherols (TPs), they comprise four isoforms, α, β, γ and δ, but unlike TPs, they present an unsaturated isoprenoid chain. Recent studies indicate that TTs provide important health benefits, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cholesterol lowering and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, they have been found to possess unique anti-cancer properties.Objective:The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the state of the art of TTs role in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as to describe recent patents proposing new methods for TTs isolation, chemical modification and use in cancer prevention and/or therapy.Methods:Recent literature and patents focusing on TTs anti-cancer applications have been identified and reviewed, with special regard to their scientific impact and novelty.Results:TTs have demonstrated significant anti-cancer activity in multiple tumor types, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they have shown synergistic effects when given in combination with standard anti-cancer agents or other anti-tumor natural compounds. Finally, new purification processes and transgenic sources have been designed in order to improve TTs production, and novel TTs formulations and synthetic derivatives have been developed to enhance their solubility and bioavailability.Conclusion:The promising anti-cancer effects shown by TTs in several preclinical studies may open new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in different tumors. Thus, clinical trials aimed at confirming TTs chemopreventive and tumor-suppressing activity, particularly in combination with standard therapies, are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Circulating Markers Reflect Both Anti- and Pro-Atherogenic Drug Effects in ApoE-Deficient Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birong Liao ◽  
Eileen McCall ◽  
Karen Cox ◽  
Chung-Wein Lee ◽  
Shuguang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Coa Reductase

Background Current drug therapy of atherosclerosis is focused on treatment of major risk factors, e.g. hypercholesterolemia while in the future direct disease modification might provide additional benefits. However, development of medicines targeting vascular wall disease is complicated by the lack of reliable biomarkers. In this study, we took a novel approach to identify circulating biomarkers indicative of drug efficacy by reducing the complexity of the in vivo system to the level where neither disease progression nor drug treatment was associated with the changes in plasma cholesterol. Results ApoE-/- mice were treated with an ACE inhibitor ramipril and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin. Ramipril significantly reduced the size of atherosclerotic plaques in brachiocephalic arteries, however simvastatin paradoxically stimulated atherogenesis. Both effects occurred without changes in plasma cholesterol. Blood and vascular samples were obtained from the same animals. In the whole blood RNA samples, expression of MMP9, CD14 and IL-1RN reflected pro-and anti-atherogenic drug effects. In the plasma, several proteins, e.g. IL-1β, IL-18 and MMP9 followed similar trends while protein readout was less sensitive than RNA analysis. Conclusion In this study, we have identified inflammation-related whole blood RNA and plasma protein markers reflecting anti-atherogenic effects of ramipril and pro-atherogenic effects of simwastatin in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. This opens an opportunity for early, non-invasive detection of direct drug effects on atherosclerotic plaques in complex in vivo systems.

scholarly journals Iron absorption in hepcidin1 knockout mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1583-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patarabutr Masaratana ◽  
Abas H. Laftah ◽  
Gladys O. Latunde-Dada ◽  
Sophie Vaulont ◽  
Robert J. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Regulatory Peptide ◽  
Fe Uptake

Hepcidin, the Fe-regulatory peptide, has been shown to inhibit Fe absorption and reticuloendothelial Fe recycling. The present study was conducted to explore the mechanism of in vivo Fe regulation through genetic disruption of hepcidin1 and acute effects of hepcidin treatment in hepcidin1 knockout (Hepc1− / − ) and heterozygous mice. Hepcidin1 disruption resulted in significantly increased intestinal Fe uptake. Hepcidin injection inhibited Fe absorption in both genotypes, but the effects were more evident in the knockout mice. Hepcidin administration was also associated with decreased membrane localisation of ferroportin in the duodenum, liver and, most significantly, in the spleen of Hepc1− / −  mice. Hypoferraemia was induced in heterozygous mice by hepcidin treatment, but not in Hepc1− / −  mice, 4 h after injection. Interestingly, Fe absorption and serum Fe levels in Hepc1− / −  and heterozygous mice fed a low-Fe diet were not affected by hepcidin injection. The present study demonstrates that hepcidin deficiency causes increased Fe absorption. The effects of hepcidin were abolished by dietary Fe deficiency, indicating that the response to hepcidin may be influenced by dietary Fe level or Fe status.

scholarly journals Increase in the number of lymphocytes secreting IgG following blood transfusion

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
K Shimizu ◽  
S Kitoh
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Immune Responsiveness ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Consistent Increase

A sequential change in the number of circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells of each Ig class following blood transfusion was studied using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The subjects studied were in two main groups, immunologically normal individuals and patients with malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma who are, presumably, immune incompetent. A consistent increase in circulating IgG-secreting cells, along with either an earlier or simultaneous increase in IgM-secreting cells, was observed following blood transfusion in the immunologically normal individuals. An increase in IgA-secreting cells was also observed, but at a minimal magnitude. Such an increase was not apparent in patients with lymphoma or myeloma. The possible use of blood transfusion as a means of “challenging and checking” for the state of immune responsiveness in vivo is discussed.

scholarly journals Acute effects of sildenafil and dobutamine in the hypertrophic and failing right heart in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P1168-P1168
Author(s):  
A. Andersen ◽  
J. M. Nielsen ◽  
S. Rasalingam ◽  
E. Sloth ◽  
J. E. Nielsen-Kudsk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Effects ◽  
Right Heart

Hormonal Control of the Malpighian Tubules of the Stick Insect, Carausius Morosus

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANA E. M. PILCHER
Keyword(s):  
Stick Insect ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Carausius Morosus ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
The Brain

1. Urine secretion by isolated Malpighian tubules of Carausius is accelerated by a diuretic hormone which can be extracted from the brain, corpora cardiaca and suboesophageal ganglion. 2. The level of this hormone in the haemolymph varies according to the state of hydration of the insect. 3. The hormone is inactivated by the tubules, and a mechanism is proposed whereby the tubules might be controlled by the hormone in vivo.

scholarly journals Exploring In Vivo Dynamics of Bovine Milk Derived Gangliosides

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Welma Stonehouse ◽  
Bradley Klingner ◽  
Paul McJarrow ◽  
Bertram Fong ◽  
Nathan O’Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Overnight Fasting

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids present in mammalian cell membranes, playing important structural and functional roles. Human studies on the health benefits of gangliosides are increasing, but knowledge gaps regarding ganglioside analysis exist. The study aimed to investigate blood sample type (serum/plasma), storage conditions, diurnal, day-to-day variation and acute effects of consuming bovine-derived gangliosides on circulating monosialylated gangliosides. Seventy-one women (18–40 yrs, 20–≤30.0 kg/m2) were enrolled and 61 completed the intervention. They visited the clinic three times following overnight fasting. Serum/plasma gangliosides were analyzed over 2 h (visit-1), 8 h (visit-2) and 8 h following either zero or high ganglioside meals (visit-3). Samples stored at −20 °C and −70 °C were analyzed at 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months. Plasma and serum GM3-gangliosides did not differ, plasma GM3 did not change diurnally, from day-to-day, in response to a high vs. low ganglioside meal or after 7-days low ganglioside vs. habitual diet (P > 0.05). GM3 concentrations were lower in samples stored at −70 °C vs. −20 °C from 6-months onwards and decreased over time with lowest levels at 12- and 18-months stored at −70 °C. In conclusion, either serum/plasma stored at −20- or −70 °C for up to 6 months, are acceptable for GM3-ganglioside analysis. Blood samples can be collected at any time of the day and participants do not have to be in the fasted state.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document