scholarly journals An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

10.3791/58456 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Jaworska ◽  
Tomasz Huc ◽  
Marta Gawrys ◽  
Maksymilian Onyszkiewicz ◽  
Emilia Samborowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metabolism ◽  
Em Method

An In Vivo Method to Study Mouse Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity

10.3791/58512 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengrou Liu ◽  
Chunsen Zhu ◽  
Shun Bai ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Kaiqiang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Blood ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Em Method ◽  
Blood Testis Barrier

Diet contaminated with ochratoxin A at the highest level allowed by EU recommendation disturbs liver metabolism in weaned piglets

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Marin ◽  
M. Motiu ◽  
G.C. Pistol ◽  
M.A. Gras ◽  
F. Israel-Roming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Liver Metabolism ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver Health

Ochratoxins, are toxic fungal metabolites produced by certain moulds of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium that grow on a wide range of raw food commodities. The most relevant toxin is ochratoxin A (OTA) and the European Commission has established guidance values for OTA concerning complementary and complete feeding stuff recommending that for pigs a maximum concentration of 0.05 mg/kg. These guidance values represent only a recommendation of the Commission and the establishment of a legal regulation needs additional toxicological data generated from farm animal experiments. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of OTA – at the recommended EU guidance value of 0.05 mg/kg – on liver health. For this purpose, twelve crossbred, weaned piglets were fed for 33 days a maize-soybean-meal-based diet contaminated or not with 0.05 mg/kg OTA. Blood plasma samples were collected at the end of this period and subjected to biochemical analyses, whereas liver samples were analysed for cytokine concentration (ELISA), enzyme activity and expression of selected genes (qRT-PCR) involved in liver metabolism. Exposure to OTA resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of total protein, albumin and nitric oxide in plasma, and interleukin-6 in the liver. OTA exposure also resulted in a significant increase of alanine aminotransferase and triglycerides in plasma and of superoxide dismutase in the liver. In conclusion, the administration of 0.05 mg/kg of OTA, to weaned piglets for a period of 33 days caused measurable hepatocellular injury in the toxin-exposed. Additional in vivo studies should be performed with larger numbers of animals in order to confirm our results and to provide robust data for the establishment of safe concentrations of OTA in swine feeds.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Metabolism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Stable Isotope Tracers ◽  
Isotope Tracers ◽  
Non Invasive

The liver is a key node of whole-body nutrient and fuel metabolism and is also the principal site for detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. As such, hepatic metabolite concentrations and/or turnover rates inform the status of both hepatic and systemic metabolic diseases as well as the disposition of medications. As a tool to better understand liver metabolism in these settings, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive means of monitoring hepatic metabolic activity in real time both by direct observation of concentrations and dynamics of specific metabolites as well as by observation of their enrichment by stable isotope tracers. This review summarizes the applications and advances in human liver metabolic studies by in vivo MRS over the past 35 years and discusses future directions and opportunities that will be opened by the development of ultra-high field MR systems and by hyperpolarized stable isotope tracers.

Effect of Nontoxic Doses of F and Sn Salts on Rat Liver Metabolism In Vivo

1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Allmann ◽  
James P. Mapes ◽  
Michael Benac
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Metabolism

scholarly journals 31-P NMR in the study of liver metabolism in vivo

1983 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Quistorff ◽  
Arunee Engkagul ◽  
Britton Chance
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metabolism

scholarly journals Insulin regulates liver metabolism in vivo in the absence of hepatic Akt and Foxo1

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjian Lu ◽  
Min Wan ◽  
Karla F Leavens ◽  
Qingwei Chu ◽  
Bobby R Monks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metabolism

scholarly journals Identification of Gm15441, a Txnip antisense lncRNA, as a critical regulator in liver metabolic homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyang Xin ◽  
Qian Guo ◽  
Qingchun Lu ◽  
Juan Lu ◽  
Po-shun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Liver Metabolism ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Specific Regulation

Abstract Background The majority of mammalian genome is composed of non-coding regions, where numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed. Although lncRNAs have been identified to regulate fundamental biological processes, most of their functions remain unknown, especially in metabolic homeostasis. Analysis of our recent genome-wide screen reveals that Gm15441, a thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) antisense lncRNA, is the most robustly induced lncRNA in the fasting mouse liver. Antisense lncRNAs are known to regulate their sense gene expression. Given that Txnip is a critical metabolic regulator of the liver, we aimed to investigate the role of Gm15441 in the regulation of Txnip and liver metabolism. Methods We examined the response of Gm15441 and Txnip under in vivo metabolic signals such as fasting and refeeding, and in vitro signals such as insulin and key metabolic transcription factors. We investigated the regulation of Txnip expression by Gm15441 and the underlying mechanism in mouse hepatocytes. Using adenovirus-mediated liver-specific overexpression, we determined whether Gm15441 regulates Txnip in the mouse liver and modulates key aspects of liver metabolism. Results We found that the expression levels of Gm15441 and Txnip showed a similar response pattern to metabolic signals in vivo and in vitro, but that their functions were predicted to be opposite. Furthermore, we found that Gm15441 robustly reduced Txnip protein expression in vitro through sequence-specific regulation and translational inhibition. Lastly, we confirmed the Txnip inhibition by Gm15441 in vivo (mice) and found that Gm15441 liver-specific overexpression lowered plasma triglyceride and blood glucose levels and elevated plasma ketone body levels. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that Gm15441 is a potent Txnip inhibitor and a critical metabolic regulator in the liver. This study reveals the therapeutic potential of Gm15441 in treating metabolic diseases.

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