scholarly journals Small Nerve Fiber Damage and Langerhans Cells in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and LADA Measured by Corneal Confocal Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Luca D'Onofrio ◽  
Alise Kalteniece ◽  
Maryam Ferdousi ◽  
Shazli Azmi ◽  
Ioannis N. Petropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Small Nerve

scholarly journals Early Detection of Nerve Fiber Loss by Corneal Confocal Microscopy and Skin Biopsy in Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2454-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ziegler ◽  
N. Papanas ◽  
A. Zhivov ◽  
S. Allgeier ◽  
K. Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy

scholarly journals Corneal Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Small Fiber Neuropathy: Faster, Easier, and More Efficient Than Skin Biopsy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mariia V. Lukashenko ◽  
Natalia Y. Gavrilova ◽  
Anna V. Bregovskaya ◽  
Lidiia A. Soprun ◽  
Leonid P. Churilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Small Fiber Neuropathy ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Small Fiber ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Small Nerve

Chronic pain may affect 30–50% of the world’s population and an important cause is small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Recent research suggests that autoimmune diseases may be one of the most common causes of small nerve fiber damage. There is low awareness of SFN among patients and clinicians and it is difficult to diagnose as routine electrophysiological methods only detect large fiber abnormalities, and specialized small fiber tests, like skin biopsy and quantitative sensory testing, are not routinely available. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a rapid, non-invasive, reproducible method for quantifying small nerve fiber degeneration and regeneration, and could be an important tool for diagnosing SFN. This review considers the advantages and disadvantages of CCM and highlights the evolution of this technique from a research tool to a diagnostic test for small fiber damage, which can be a valuable contribution to the study and management of autoimmune disease.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Neuropathy and Risk Factors for Corneal Nerve Loss in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Corneal Confocal Microscopy Study

Diabetes Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Maryam Ferdousi ◽  
Alise Kalteniece ◽  
Shazli Azmi ◽  
Ioannis N. Petropoulos ◽  
Georgios Ponirakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Corneal Nerve

scholarly journals The Association between Serum Cytokines and Damage to Large and Small Nerve Fibers in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Magrinelli ◽  
Chiara Briani ◽  
Marcello Romano ◽  
Susanna Ruggero ◽  
Elisabetta Toffanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Small Nerve

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and may involve small and large peripheral nerve fibers. Recent evidence suggests a role of cytokines in DPN. The paper is aimed at exploring whether the serum concentration of cytokines is associated with small and large nerve fiber function and with neuropathic pain (NP). We recruited a group of 32 type 2 DM patients who underwent serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) dosage as well as electrodiagnostic and quantitative sensory testing (QST) assessment to explore damage to large and small nerve fibers. Raised serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 correlated with markers of large nerve fiber sensory and motor axonal damage. Raised IL-10 serum level was associated with signs of motor nerve demyelination. No differences were found in pain characteristics and electrodiagnostic and QST markers of small nerve fiber function in relation to cytokines serum levels. IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels were associated with large nerve fiber damage but not to small fibers function or NP. IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines might play a role in the pathogenesis of nerve fiber damage or represent a compensatory or neuroprotective mechanism.

scholarly journals Differential reduction in corneal nerve fiber length in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell S. Stem ◽  
Munira Hussain ◽  
Stephen I. Lentz ◽  
Nilesh Raval ◽  
Thomas W. Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Differential Reduction ◽  
Corneal Nerve

scholarly journals Diagnosis of neuropathy and risk factors for corneal nerve loss in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A corneal confocal microscopy study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ferdousi ◽  
Alise Kalteniece ◽  
Shazli Azmi ◽  
Ioannis N Petropoulos ◽  
Georgios Ponirakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Corneal Nerve

<b>Purpose: </b>To assess the diagnostic utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and the risk factors for corneal nerve loss. <p><b>Methods: </b>490 participants including 72 healthy controls, 149 with type 1 diabetes and 269 with type 2 diabetes underwent detailed assessment of peripheral neuropathy and CCM in relation to risk factors.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD) (P<0.0001, P<0.0001), branch density (CNBD) (P<0.0001, P<0.0001) and length (CNFL) (P<0.0001, P=0.02) were significantly lower in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, compared to controls. CNFD (P<0.0001), CNBD (P<0.0001) and CNFL (P<0.0001) were lower in type 1 diabetes compared to type 2 diabetes. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis for the diagnosis of DPN demonstrated a good area under the curve (AUC) for CNFD=0.81, CNBD=0.74 and CNFL=0.73. Multivariable regression analysis showed a significant association between reduced corneal nerve fibre length with age (β=-0.27, P=0.007), HbA1c (β=-1.1, P=0.01) and weight (β=-0.14, P=0.03) in patients with type 2 diabetes and with duration of diabetes (β=-0.13, P=0.02), LDL cholesterol (β=1.8, P=0.04), and triglycerides (β=-2.87, P=0.009) in patients with type 1 diabetes. </p> <b>Conclusion: </b>CCM identifies more severe corneal nerve loss in patients with type 1 compared to type 2 diabetes and shows good diagnostic accuracy for DPN. Furthermore, the risk factors for a reduction in corneal nerve fibre length differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

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