scholarly journals Expression and Regulation of S100 Fused-Type Protein Hornerin at the Ocular Surface and Lacrimal Apparatus

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (13) ◽  
pp. 5968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Garreis ◽  
Janine Jahn ◽  
Katharina Wild ◽  
Daniel B. Abrar ◽  
Martin Schicht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus ◽  
Type Protein

Expression and Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptide Psoriasin (S100A7) at the Ocular Surface and in the Lacrimal Apparatus

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 4914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Garreis ◽  
Maria Gottschalt ◽  
Thomas Schlorf ◽  
Regine Gläser ◽  
Jürgen Harder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus

Erkrankungen des Tränenapparats, Teil 1: Anatomie, Physiologie und Diagnostik

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (02) ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Heichel ◽  
Hans-Gert Struck ◽  
Arne Viestenz ◽  
Alexander Glien ◽  
Stefan Plontke
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Visual Functioning ◽  
Ocular Adnexa ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus ◽  
Substantial Degree ◽  
Efferent Tear Ducts

AbstractThe lacrimal apparatus is a part of the ocular adnexa preserving ocular surface homoeostasis and therefore enabling sufficiant visual functioning. Tear producting tissues, eyelids and efferent tear ducts operate as one functional unit. Pathologic changes consist of inflammatory diseases, congenital disorders, degenerations and neoplasia. Common to all these conditions is a potential impairment of the ocular integrity as well as a substantial degree of suffering for the affected patients. This review reflects basics of the anatomy, physiology, and diagnostics of the lacrimal apparatus.

scholarly journals Insulin-like Factor 3 Promotes Wound Healing at the Ocular Surface

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 2034-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Hampel ◽  
Thomas Klonisch ◽  
Saadettin Sel ◽  
Ute Schulze ◽  
Friedrich P. Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Corneal Wound Healing ◽  
Cognate Receptor ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus ◽  
Corneal Wound ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Tear fluid is known to contain many different hormones with relevance for ocular surface homeostasis. We studied the presence and functional role of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and its cognate receptor RXFP2 (relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2) at the ocular surface and in tears. Expression of human INSL3 and RXFP2 was determined in tissues of the ocular surface and lacrimal apparatus; in human corneal (HCE), conjunctival (HCjE), and sebaceous (SC) epithelial cell lines; and in human tears by RT-PCR and ELISA. We investigated effects of human recombinant INSL3 (hrINSL3) on cell proliferation and cell migration and the influence of hrINSL3 on the expression of MMP2, -9, and -13 and TIMP1 and -2 was quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA in HCE, HCjE, and SC cells. We used a C57BL/6 mouse corneal defect model to elucidate the effect of topical application of hrINSL3 on corneal wound healing. INSL3 and RXFP2 transcripts and INSL3 protein were detected in all tissues and cell lines investigated. Significantly higher concentrations of INSL3 were detected in tears from male vs. female volunteers. Stimulation of HCE, HCjE, and SC with hrINSL3 significantly increased cell proliferation in HCjE and SC and migration of HCjE. Treatment with hrINSL3 for 24 hours regulated MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 expression. The local application of hrINSL3 onto denuded corneal surface resulted in significantly accelerated corneal wound healing in mice. These findings suggest a novel and gender-specific role for INSL3 and cognate receptor RXFP2 signaling in ocular surface homeostasis and determined a novel role for hrINSL3 in corneal wound healing.

Erkrankungen des Tränenapparats, Teil 2: Grundlagen der Therapie

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (04) ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Jens Heichel ◽  
Hans-Gert Struck ◽  
Arne Viestenz ◽  
Alexander Glien ◽  
Stefan Plontke
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Film Distribution ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus ◽  
Therapeutic Principles ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ◽  
Duct Stenosis

AbstractThe tearing eye (epiphora) is deemed to be the leading symptome of efferent tear duct stenosis. Nevertheless, epiphora might be caused by ocular surface pathologies or even intraocular diseases. A distinguished anamnesis and sufficient clinical examination is most meaningful for the differential diagnostic distinction. Therapy is based on pathologic changes. In case of ocular surface disease, a suitable tear substitution and antiinflammatory approach is mandatory. Multifarious triggers have to be considered as well. Addressing tear film distribution, suitable oculoplastic surgery is required. Efferent tear duct stenosis necessitates surgical treatment as the level of suffering is often very high and acute exacerbations may develop. Besides recanalization, anastomosing techniques represent the available therapeutic principles. Possible surgical approaches offer a great variety and many influencing factors navigate therapy decisions. This part of the review comments on the most important therapeutic approaches for lacrimal apparatus diseases.

scholarly journals Ocular Surface as Barrier of Innate Immunity

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Bolaños-Jiménez ◽  
Alejandro Navas ◽  
Erika Paulina López-Lizárraga ◽  
Francesc March de Ribot ◽  
Alexandra Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Ocular System

Sight is one of the most important senses that human beings possess. The ocular system is a complex structure equipped with mechanisms that prevent or limit damage caused by physical, chemical, infectious and environmental factors. These mechanisms include a series of anatomical, cellular and humoral factors that have been a matter of study. The cornea is not only the most powerful and important lens of the optical system, but also, it has been involved in many other physiological and pathological processes apart from its refractive nature; the morphological and histological properties of the cornea have been thoroughly studied for the last fifty years; drawing attention in its molecular characteristics of immune response. This paper will review the anatomical and physiological aspects of the cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus, as well as the innate immunity at the ocular surface.

Inaccuracy of Diagnosis in a Cohort of Patients on the Waiting List for Dacryocystorhinostomy When the Diagnosis Was Made by Only Syringing the Lacrimal System

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Beigi ◽  
J.M. Uddin ◽  
T.F.W. McMullan ◽  
E. Linardos
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Lacrimal System ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus ◽  
False Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Canalicular Stenosis

Purpose Accurate identification of the factors contributing to epiphora is essential in directing appropriate management and treatment strategies. The authors applied a methodical strategy of assessment for epiphora to patients who were already on the waiting list for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). The findings were compared to the original findings. Methods Forty-four eyes of 35 patients listed for DCR were re-examined. All canaliculi were examined using four tests: dye disappearance, Jones 1 (dye retrieval), probing using Bowman probes, and syringing of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) under local anesthesia. Some patients were examined using an endocanalicular mini-endoscope. Patients with NLD obstruction underwent DCR and those with canalicular and NLD stenosis underwent intubation of the lacrimal system-canaliculus, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct-using silicone stents. The authors refer to this as canaliculodacryocystoplasty (CDCP). The patients were assessed for symptoms of epiphora at 12 months. Forty-four eyes had been listed for DCR. They had been originally diagnosed, by means of lacrimal syringing, as NLD obstruction (24 eyes) or stenosis (12 eyes), and functional blocks (8 eyes). Results Four out of the original 44 planned DCR surgeries were performed after re-evaluation. After re-examination, 28 lacrimal systems were found to have canalicular stenosis, 4 NLD stenosis, 4 NLD obstruction, 4 punctal phimosis, 3 ocular surface disease, and 1 patient was asymptomatic. Twenty-eight lacrimal systems underwent CDCP, 4 underwent DCR, 4 had punctoplasty, and 4 had probing alone. Three had treatment for ocular surface disease and one patient required no treatment. After a follow-up of 12 months, 41 (93%) systems had improvement or were free of their epiphora. Conclusions Syringing of the lacrimal apparatus may result in a high false positive diagnosis of NLD obstruction. Canalicular pathology is not uncommon in this cohort of patients and may be underdiagnosed.

scholarly journals Somatostatin Actions via Somatostatin Receptors on the Ocular Surface Are Modulated by Inflammatory Processes

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 2254-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonne Minsel ◽  
Rolf Mentlein ◽  
Saadettin Sel ◽  
Yolanda Diebold ◽  
Lars Bräuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Tear Fluid ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lacrimal Apparatus

Recent investigations support the presence of human somatostatin (SS) in the excretory system of the human lacrimal gland. To get deeper insights into a possible role of SS at the ocular surface and in the lacrimal apparatus, we investigated the distribution pattern of SS and its receptors 1–5 (SSTR1-5) by means of RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot and immunodot blot analysis as well as immunohistochemistry in lacrimal gland, tear fluid, conjunctiva, cornea, nasolacrimal duct epithelium, and conjunctival (HCjE) and corneal (HCE) epithelial cell lines. Cell culture experiments with HCjE and HCE were performed to analyze a possible impact of SS and inflammatory mediators on the regulation of SSTR. The results confirmed the presence of SS in lacrimal gland and tear fluid, whereas it was absent at the protein level in all other tissues and cell lines investigated. Expression of SSTR1, -2, and -5 was detectable in lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, cornea, and nasolacrimal ducts. HCjE expressed only hSSTR1 and -2, and HCE revealed only SSTR2. SSTR3 and -4 were not detected in any of the analyzed samples or cell lines. In vitro on cultured immortalized HCjE cells SS leads to a concentration-dependent down-regulation of SSTR1 mRNA but does not affect SSTR2 mRNA expression. Relative expression of SSTR1 and -2 is differentially modulated by proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial components, suggesting that the expression of both receptors is immunomodulated. Our data support an autocrine and paracrine role of SS in the lacrimal system and at the ocular surface and implicate a role of SS in corneal immunology.

Profilometry. Using Corneo-scleral topography for scleral lens fitting

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.

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