scholarly journals Long-range interactions in macaque primary visual cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
J. D. Dorn ◽  
D. L. Ringach
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range Interactions

scholarly journals Spontaneous retinal waves generate long-range horizontal connectivity in visual cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwoo Kim ◽  
Min Song ◽  
Se-Bum Paik
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
List Type ◽  
Retinal Waves ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Eye Opening

AbstractIn the primary visual cortex (V1) of higher mammals, long-range horizontal connections (LHCs) are observed to develop, linking iso-orientation domains of cortical tuning. It is unknown how this feature-specific wiring of circuitry develops before eye opening. Here, we show that LHCs in V1 may originate from spatio-temporally structured feedforward activities generated from spontaneous retinal waves. Using model simulations based on the anatomy and observed activity patterns of the retina, we show that waves propagating in retinal mosaics can initialize the wiring of LHCs by co-activating neurons of similar tuning, whereas equivalent random activities cannot induce such organizations. Simulations showed that emerged LHCs can produce the patterned activities observed in V1, matching topography of the underlying orientation map. We also confirmed that the model can also reproduce orientation-specific microcircuits in salt-and-pepper organizations in rodents. Our results imply that early peripheral activities contribute significantly to cortical development of functional circuits.HighlightsDevelopmental model of long-range horizontal connections (LHCs) in V1 is simulatedSpontaneous retinal waves generate feature-specific wiring of LHCs in visual cortexEmerged LHCs induce orientation-matching patterns of spontaneous cortical activityRetinal waves induce orientation-specific microcircuits of visual cortex in rodentsSignificance statementLong-range horizontal connections (LHCs) in the primary visual cortex (V1) are observed to emerge before the onset of visual experience, selectively connecting iso-domains of orientation maps. However, it is unknown how such tuning-specific wirings develop before eye-opening. Here, we show that LHCs in V1 originate from the tuning-specific activation of cortical neurons by spontaneous retinal waves during early developmental stages. Our simulations of a visual cortex model show that feedforward activities from the retina initialize the spatial organization of activity patterns in V1, which induces visual feature-specific wirings of V1 neurons. Our model also explains the origin of cortical microcircuits observed in rodents, suggesting that the proposed developmental mechanism is applicable universally to circuits of various mammalian species.

scholarly journals A psychophysically-tuned computational model of human primary visual cortex produces geometric optical illusions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysa Retsa ◽  
Ana Hernando Ariza ◽  
Nathanael W. Noordanus ◽  
Lorenzo Ruffoni ◽  
Micah M. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Optical Illusions ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractGeometrical optical illusion (GOIs) are mismatches between physical stimuli and perception. GOIs provide an access point to study the interplay between sensation and perception, yet there is scant quantitative investigation of the extent to which different GOIs rely on similar or distinct brain mechanisms. We addressed this knowledge gap. First, 30 healthy adults reported quantitatively their perceptual biases with three GOIs, whose physical properties parametrically varied on a trial-by-trial basis. Biases observed with one GOI were unrelated to those observed with another GOI, suggestive of (partially) distinct underlying mechanisms. Next, we used these psychophysical results to tune a computational model of primary visual cortex that combines parameters of orientation, selectivity, intra-cortical connectivity, and long-range interactions. We showed that similar biases could be generated in-silico, mirroring those observed in humans. Such results provide a roadmap whereby computational modelling, informed by human psychophysics, can reveal likely mechanistic underpinnings of perception.

scholarly journals Spatial clustering of inhibition in mouse primary visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Bista ◽  
Rinaldo D. D’Souza ◽  
Andrew M. Meier ◽  
Weiqing Ji ◽  
Andreas Burkhalter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Relative Excitation

SUMMARYWhether mouse visual cortex contains orderly feature maps is debated. The overlapping pattern of geniculocortical (dLGN) inputs with M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-rich patches in layer 1 (L1) suggests a non-random architecture. Here, we found that L1 inputs from the lateral posterior thalamus (LP) avoid patches and target interpatches. Channelrhodopsin-assisted mapping of EPSCs in L2/3 shows that the relative excitation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVs) and pyramidal neurons (PNs) by dLGN, LP and cortical feedback are distinct and depend on whether the neurons reside in clusters aligned with patches or interpatches. Paired recordings from PVs and PNs shows that unitary IPSCs are larger in interpatches than patches. The spatial clustering of inhibition is matched by dense clustering of PV-terminals in interpatches. The results show that the excitation/inhibition balance across V1 is organized into patch and interpatch subnetworks which receive distinct long-range inputs and are specialized for the processing of distinct spatiotemporal features.

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