Long-range horizontal connections and their role in cortical reorganization revealed by optical recording of cat primary visual cortex

Nature ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 375 (6534) ◽  
pp. 780-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Das ◽  
Charles D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Horizontal Connections

scholarly journals Spontaneous retinal waves generate long-range horizontal connectivity in visual cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwoo Kim ◽  
Min Song ◽  
Se-Bum Paik
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
List Type ◽  
Retinal Waves ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Eye Opening

AbstractIn the primary visual cortex (V1) of higher mammals, long-range horizontal connections (LHCs) are observed to develop, linking iso-orientation domains of cortical tuning. It is unknown how this feature-specific wiring of circuitry develops before eye opening. Here, we show that LHCs in V1 may originate from spatio-temporally structured feedforward activities generated from spontaneous retinal waves. Using model simulations based on the anatomy and observed activity patterns of the retina, we show that waves propagating in retinal mosaics can initialize the wiring of LHCs by co-activating neurons of similar tuning, whereas equivalent random activities cannot induce such organizations. Simulations showed that emerged LHCs can produce the patterned activities observed in V1, matching topography of the underlying orientation map. We also confirmed that the model can also reproduce orientation-specific microcircuits in salt-and-pepper organizations in rodents. Our results imply that early peripheral activities contribute significantly to cortical development of functional circuits.HighlightsDevelopmental model of long-range horizontal connections (LHCs) in V1 is simulatedSpontaneous retinal waves generate feature-specific wiring of LHCs in visual cortexEmerged LHCs induce orientation-matching patterns of spontaneous cortical activityRetinal waves induce orientation-specific microcircuits of visual cortex in rodentsSignificance statementLong-range horizontal connections (LHCs) in the primary visual cortex (V1) are observed to emerge before the onset of visual experience, selectively connecting iso-domains of orientation maps. However, it is unknown how such tuning-specific wirings develop before eye-opening. Here, we show that LHCs in V1 originate from the tuning-specific activation of cortical neurons by spontaneous retinal waves during early developmental stages. Our simulations of a visual cortex model show that feedforward activities from the retina initialize the spatial organization of activity patterns in V1, which induces visual feature-specific wirings of V1 neurons. Our model also explains the origin of cortical microcircuits observed in rodents, suggesting that the proposed developmental mechanism is applicable universally to circuits of various mammalian species.

Targets of horizontal connections in macaque primary visual cortex

1991 ◽  
Vol 305 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. McGuire ◽  
Charles D. Gilbert ◽  
Patricia K. Rivlin ◽  
Torsten N. Wiesel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Horizontal Connections

scholarly journals Long-range interactions in macaque primary visual cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
J. D. Dorn ◽  
D. L. Ringach
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range Interactions

scholarly journals Axonal plasticity associated with perceptual learning in adult macaque primary visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (41) ◽  
pp. 10464-10469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo van Kerkoerle ◽  
Sally A. Marik ◽  
Stephan Meyer zum Alten Borgloh ◽  
Charles D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Cortical Lesion ◽  
Axon Collaterals ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Axonal Arbors

Perceptual learning is associated with changes in the functional properties of neurons even in primary sensory areas. In macaque monkeys trained to perform a contour detection task, we have observed changes in contour-related facilitation of neuronal responses in primary visual cortex that track their improvement in performance on a contour detection task. We have previously explored the anatomical substrate of experience-dependent changes in the visual cortex based on a retinal lesion model, where we find sprouting and pruning of the axon collaterals in the cortical lesion projection zone. Here, we attempted to determine whether similar changes occur under normal visual experience, such as that associated with perceptual learning. We labeled the long-range horizontal connections in visual cortex by virally mediated transfer of genes expressing fluorescent probes, which enabled us to do longitudinal two-photon imaging of axonal arbors over the period during which animals improve in contour detection performance. We found that there are substantial changes in the axonal arbors of neurons in cortical regions representing the trained part of the visual field, with sprouting of new axon collaterals and pruning of preexisting axon collaterals. Our findings indicate that changes in the structure of axonal arbors are part of the circuit-level mechanism of perceptual learning, and further support the idea that the learned information is encoded at least in part in primary visual cortex.

scholarly journals Spatial clustering of inhibition in mouse primary visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Bista ◽  
Rinaldo D. D’Souza ◽  
Andrew M. Meier ◽  
Weiqing Ji ◽  
Andreas Burkhalter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Relative Excitation

SUMMARYWhether mouse visual cortex contains orderly feature maps is debated. The overlapping pattern of geniculocortical (dLGN) inputs with M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-rich patches in layer 1 (L1) suggests a non-random architecture. Here, we found that L1 inputs from the lateral posterior thalamus (LP) avoid patches and target interpatches. Channelrhodopsin-assisted mapping of EPSCs in L2/3 shows that the relative excitation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVs) and pyramidal neurons (PNs) by dLGN, LP and cortical feedback are distinct and depend on whether the neurons reside in clusters aligned with patches or interpatches. Paired recordings from PVs and PNs shows that unitary IPSCs are larger in interpatches than patches. The spatial clustering of inhibition is matched by dense clustering of PV-terminals in interpatches. The results show that the excitation/inhibition balance across V1 is organized into patch and interpatch subnetworks which receive distinct long-range inputs and are specialized for the processing of distinct spatiotemporal features.

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