scholarly journals A-modal versus Cross-modal: How input modality and visual experience affect categorical representation in the "visual" cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Mattioni ◽  
Mohamed Rezk ◽  
Karen Cuculiza ◽  
Ceren Battal ◽  
Roberto Bottini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Input Modality ◽  
Categorical Representation

Simulated Optic Flow and Extrastriate Cortex. I. Optic Flow Versus Texture

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Nam Kim ◽  
Kathleen Mulligan ◽  
Helen Sherk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Visual Guidance ◽  
Forward Motion ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Single Origin

Kim, Jong-Nam, Kathleen Mulligan, and Helen Sherk. Simulated optic flow and extrastriate cortex. I. Optic flow versus texture. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 554–561, 1997. A locomoting observer sees a very different visual scene than an observer at rest: images throughout the visual field accelerate and expand, and they follow approximately radial outward paths from a single origin. This so-called optic flow field is presumably used for visual guidance, and it has been suggested that particular areas of visual cortex are specialized for the analysis of optic flow. In the cat, the lateral suprasylvian visual area (LS) is a likely candidate. To test the hypothesis that LS is specialized for analysis of optic flow fields, we recorded cell responses to optic flow displays. Stimulus movies simulated the experience of a cat trotting slowly across an endless plain covered with small balls. In different simulations we varied the size of balls, their organization (randomly or regularly dispersed), and their color (all one gray level, or multiple shades of gray). For each optic flow movie, a “texture” movie composed of the same elements but lacking optic flow cues was tested. In anesthetized cats, >500 neurons in LS were studied with a variety of movies. Most (70%) of 454 visually responsive cells responded to optic flow movies. Visually responsive cells generally preferred optic flow to texture movies (69% of those responsive to any movie). The direction in which a movie was shown (forward or reverse) was also an important factor. Most cells (68%) strongly preferred forward motion, which corresponded to visual experience during locomotion.

scholarly journals Visual Deprivation Decreases Somatic GAD65 Puncta Number on Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Neurons in Mouse Visual Cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Kreczko ◽  
Anubhuthi Goel ◽  
Lihua Song ◽  
Hey-Kyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Inhibitory Circuitry ◽  
Layer 2

Proper functioning of the visual system depends on maturation of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses within the visual cortex. Considering that perisomatic inhibition is one of the key factors that control the critical period in visual cortex, it is pertinent to understand its regulation by visual experience. To do this, we developed an immunohistochemical method that allows three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65-positive inhibitory terminals in the visual cortex. Using this method on transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescence protein (YFP) in a subset of neurons, we found that the number of somatic GAD65-puncta on individual layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons is reduced when mice are dark-reared from birth and reverted to normal levels by re-exposure to light. There was no change in GAD65-puncta volume or intensity. These results support the reorganization of inhibitory circuitry within layer 2/3 of visual cortex in response to changes in visual experience.

Functional postnatal development of the rat primary visual cortex and the role of visual experience: Dark rearing and monocular deprivation

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Fagiolini ◽  
Tommaso Pizzorusso ◽  
Nicoletta Berardi ◽  
Luciano Domenici ◽  
Lamberto Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Dark Rearing

The development of stereoscopic mechanisms in the visual cortex of the cat

1979 ◽  
Vol 204 (1157) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Stereoscopic Vision ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Synaptic Organization ◽  
Binocular Interaction

It is argued that those neural systems (such as that responsible for stereoscopic vision) that have the greatest precision of operation are the most likely, during their developmental construction, to take advantage of information supplied by their own input. There is evidence that binocuarly driven neurons in the kitten’s visual cortex do indeed become modified in their synaptic organization during early visual experience in a manner that enhances the specificity of binocular interaction and ensures that the ranges of positional and orientational disparities of the receptive fields, within limits, become matched to the nature of the actual stimulation encountered by the animal.

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