The role of early visual experience in the development of spatial‐frequency preference in the primary visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Nishio ◽  
Kenji Hayashi ◽  
Ayako Wendy Ishikawa ◽  
Yumiko Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience

Functional postnatal development of the rat primary visual cortex and the role of visual experience: Dark rearing and monocular deprivation

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Fagiolini ◽  
Tommaso Pizzorusso ◽  
Nicoletta Berardi ◽  
Luciano Domenici ◽  
Lamberto Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Dark Rearing

scholarly journals Development of natural scene representation in primary visual cortex requires early postnatal experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Kowalewski ◽  
Janne Kauttonen ◽  
Patricia L. Stan ◽  
Brian B. Jeon ◽  
Thomas Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Scene Representation ◽  
Scene Features

SummaryThe development of the visual system is known to be shaped by early-life experience. To identify response properties that contribute to enhanced natural scene representation, we performed calcium imaging of excitatory neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake mice raised in three different conditions (standard-reared, dark-reared, and delayed-visual experience) and compared neuronal responses to natural scene features relative to simpler grating stimuli that varied in orientation and spatial frequency. We assessed population selectivity in V1 using decoding methods and found that natural scene discriminability increased by 75% between the ages of 4 to 6 weeks. Both natural scene and grating discriminability were higher in standard-reared animals compared to those raised in the dark. This increase in discriminability was accompanied by a reduction in the number of neurons that responded to low-spatial frequency gratings. At the same time there was an increase in neuronal preference for natural scenes. Light exposure restricted to a 2-4 week window during adulthood did not induce improvements in natural scene nor in grating stimulus discriminability. Our results demonstrate that experience reduces the number of neurons required to effectively encode grating stimuli and that early visual experience enhances natural scene discriminability by directly increasing responsiveness to natural scene features.

Cone Inputs in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2501-2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Hawken ◽  
Robert Shapley
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cone Type ◽  
Almost All

To understand the role of primary visual cortex (V1) in color vision, we measured directly the input from the 3 cone types in macaque V1 neurons. Cells were classified as luminance-preferring, color-luminance, or color-preferring from the ratio of the peak amplitudes of spatial frequency responses to red/green equiluminant and to black/white (luminance) grating patterns, respectively. In this study we used L-, M-, and S-cone–isolating gratings to measure spatial frequency response functions for each cone type separately. From peak responses to cone-isolating stimuli we estimated relative cone weights and whether cone inputs were the same or opposite sign. For most V1 cells the relative S-cone weight was <0.1. All color-preferring cells were cone opponent and their L/M cone weight ratio was clustered around a value of –1, which is roughly equal and opposite L and M cone signals. Almost all cells (88%) classified as luminance cells were cone nonopponent, with a broad distribution of cone weights. Most cells (73%) classified as color-luminance cells were cone opponent. This result supports our conclusion that V1 color-luminance cells are double-opponent. Such neurons are more sensitive to color boundaries than to areas of color and thereby could play an important role in color perception. The color-luminance population had a broad distribution of L/M cone weight ratios, implying a broad distribution of preferred colors for the double-opponent cells.

scholarly journals Temporo-nasally biased moving grating selectivity in mouse primary visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Tolkiehn ◽  
Simon R. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Upward Moving

AbstractOrientation tuning in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) has long been reported to have a random or “salt-and-pepper” organisation, lacking the structure found in cats and primates. Laminar in-vivo multi-electrode array recordings here reveal previously elusive structure in the representation of visual patterns in the mouse visual cortex, with temporo-nasally drifting gratings eliciting consistently highest neuronal responses across cortical layers and columns, whilst upward moving gratings reliably evoked the lowest activities. We suggest this bias in direction selectivity to be behaviourally relevant as objects moving into the visual field from the side or behind may pose a predatory threat to the mouse whereas upward moving objects do not. We found furthermore that direction preference and selectivity was affected by stimulus spatial frequency, and that spatial and directional tuning curves showed high signal correlations decreasing with distance between recording sites. In addition, we show that despite this bias in direction selectivity, it is possible to decode stimulus identity and that spatiotemporal features achieve higher accuracy in the decoding task whereas spike count or population counts are sufficient to decode spatial frequencies implying different encoding strategies.Significance statementWe show that temporo-nasally drifting gratings (i.e. opposite the normal visual flow during forward movement) reliably elicit the highest neural activity in mouse primary visual cortex, whereas upward moving gratings reliably evoke the lowest responses. This encoding may be highly behaviourally relevant, as objects approaching from the periphery may pose a threat (e.g. predators), whereas upward moving objects do not. This is a result at odds with the belief that mouse primary visual cortex is randomly organised. Further to this biased representation, we show that direction tuning depends on the underlying spatial frequency and that tuning preference is spatially correlated both across layers and columns and decreases with cortical distance, providing evidence for structural organisation in mouse primary visual cortex.

scholarly journals Orthogonal micro-organization of orientation and spatial frequency in primate primary visual cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1683-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Nauhaus ◽  
Kristina J Nielsen ◽  
Anita A Disney ◽  
Edward M Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document