scholarly journals When reaching is risky, disgust influences estimates of exocentric distance.

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085-1085
Author(s):  
K. Gagnon ◽  
M. McCardell ◽  
S. Fuhrman ◽  
J. Stefanucci
Keyword(s):  
Exocentric Distance

scholarly journals Exocentric Distance Judgment and Accuracy of Head-Mounted and Stereoscopic Widescreen Displays in Frontal Planes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Chiuhsiang Joe Lin ◽  
Betsha Tizazu Abreham ◽  
Dino Caesaron ◽  
Bereket Haile Woldegiorgis
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Distance Judgment ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Position Accuracy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Exocentric Distance ◽  
3D Applications ◽  
Display Systems

An experiment was done to explore the effects of two virtual display systems on the accuracy of exocentric distance judgment and position. Sixteen participants viewed animated virtual targets using either a head-mounted display (HMD) or a stereoscopic widescreen display (SWD). The virtual targets have been shown, one at a time, at three depth levels and with two corresponding exocentric distances and three target sizes at each target distance and, afterward, via pointing by holding a stick to estimate the exocentric distance and position of each target. The position data were collected using an OptiTrack motion capture system. The results showed that the accuracy of exocentric distance judgment was higher with the head-mounted displays than with the stereoscopic widescreen displays. In addition, higher position accuracy in the X-direction was obtained from the stereoscopic widescreen displays, whereas no significant difference was observed in position accuracy in the Y-direction. However, it is possible that the HMD could give better accuracy in both exocentric distance and position judgments in the frontal plane, if the HMD had been perfectly mounted and flawlessly fit the participant’s eyes. The result also revealed that exocentric distance judgment was significantly higher at the farthest target distances than at the nearest distance. Similarly, the position accuracy significantly increased as exocentric distance decreased. Moreover, engineers may allude to the findings as the evidence from the study suggests that the intermediate target distances might be fitting or ideal distances to design and structure 3D applications.

scholarly journals One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Studies of the Exocentric Distance Estimates in Frontoparallel Plane, Virtual Space, and Outdoor Open Field

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Aznar-Casanova ◽  
Elton H. Matsushima ◽  
Nilton P. Ribeiro-Filho ◽  
José A. Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Frontoparallel Plane ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Exocentric Distance ◽  
Scaling Analyses

The aim of this study is twofold: on the one hand, to determine how visual space, as assessed by exocentric distance estimates, is related to physical space. On the other hand, to determine the structure of visual space as assessed by exocentric distance estimates. Visual space was measured in three environments: (a) points located in a 2-D frontoparallel plane, covering a range of distances of 20 cm; (b) stakes placed in a 3-D virtual space (range ≈ 330 mm); and (c) stakes in a 3-D outdoors open field (range = 45 m). Observers made matching judgments of distances between all possible pairs of stimuli, obtained from 16 stimuli (in a regular squared 4 × 4 matrix). Two parameters from Stevens' power law informed us about the distortion of visual space: its exponent and its coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed a ranking of the magnitude of the distortions found in each experimental environment, and also provided information about the efficacy of available visual cues of spatial layout. Furthermore, our data are in agreement with previous findings showing systematic perceptual errors, such as the further the stimuli, the larger the distortion of the area subtended by perceived distances between stimuli. Additionally, we measured the magnitude of distortion of visual space relative to physical space by a parameter of multidimensional scaling analyses, the RMSE. From these results, the magnitude of such distortions can be ranked, and the utility or efficacy of the available visual cues informing about the space layout can also be inferred.

scholarly journals Aging and the visual perception of exocentric distance

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Farley Norman ◽  
Olivia C. Adkins ◽  
Hideko F. Norman ◽  
Andrea G. Cox ◽  
Connor E. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Exocentric Distance

scholarly journals The visual perception of exocentric distance in outdoor settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Farley Norman ◽  
Olivia C. Adkins ◽  
Lauren E. Pedersen ◽  
Cecia M. Reyes ◽  
Rachel A. Wulff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Exocentric Distance

scholarly journals Ground surface advantage in exocentric distance judgment

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Z. Bian ◽  
G. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Distance Judgment ◽  
Exocentric Distance

Precision of Exocentric Distance Judgments in Desktop and Cube Presentation

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Wartenberg ◽  
Per Wiborg
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Exocentric Distance ◽  
Distance Judgments

Accuracy of space perception and distance estimation in virtual environments is an important precondition for the reliable use of virtual techniques in the design of products, workplaces, architecture, and production systems. The present study compares the accuracy of exocentric 1 distance estimations that a static perceiver achieves with two virtual presentation techniques: a desktop and an immersive cube presentation. Estimation accuracy in a physical mock-up is used as a point of reference. Subjects estimated exocentric distances in detailed models of a workplace previously unknown to them. All distances to be judged were located in the subjects' personal space (less than 1.5 m from the subject). Major differences between the two virtual presentation modes are that stereo information is available in the cube but not in desktop environment, and that, in the cube, changes in perspective are achieved by actually moving inside the cube instead of using a mouse. Furthermore, the cube provides a wider absolute field of view than the desktop environment. The experiment showed advantages of the cube over desktop presentation when estimating exocentric distances in “personal space” from a static position. The magnitude of distance estimation errors was significantly higher in the desktop than in the cube environment. However, estimation errors tended to be overestimations in the cube presentation, whereas over- and underestimation occurred with equal frequency in the desktop environment. In the discussion it is argued that the higher estimation accuracy in the cube environment may mainly be due to the availability of stereoscopic depth cues. According to Cutting (1997), these cues are especially relevant for spatial perception in “personal space.” 1 The term exocentric distance is used for distances between two points external to the perceiver indicating (for example) interobject distances or distances colinear with the side length of an object. These distances are to be distinguished from egocentric distances, those distances between the perceiver and one point in the environment (Waller, 1999).

scholarly journals Aging and the visual perception of exocentric distance

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Olivia Adkins ◽  
J Farley Norman ◽  
Hideko Norman ◽  
Andrea Cox ◽  
Connor Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Exocentric Distance
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