Evidence of Neighborhood Effects from Moving to Opportunity: Lates of Neighborhood Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionissi Aliprantis ◽  
Francisca G.-C. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Neighborhood Quality ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Moving To Opportunity ◽  
Unobserved Component ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Local Average Treatment Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Choice

This paper estimates neighborhood effects on adult labor market outcomes using the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) housing mobility experiment. We propose and implement a new strategy for identifying transition-specific effects that exploits identification of the unobserved component of a neighborhood choice model. Estimated local average treatment effects (LATEs) are large, result from moves between the first and second deciles of the national distribution of neighborhood quality, and pertain to a subpopulation of nine percent of program participants.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Poverty and Quality in the Moving to Opportunity Experiment

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionissi Aliprantis ◽  
Daniel Kolliner
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Inequality Of Opportunity ◽  
Neighborhood Quality ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
Moving To Opportunity ◽  
Black Neighborhood ◽  
Opportunity Program ◽  
Neighborhood Environments

Researchers suspect that some of the disparities that exist in such outcomes as health, employment, and education might be attributable to inequality of opportunity as determined by neighborhood environments. We study census data to identify neighborhood characteristics in addition to poverty that might help to explain these disparities. We focus on the Moving to Opportunity housing-relocation experiment and show that because program participants typically moved from one predominately black neighborhood to another, their new low-poverty neighborhoods may have provided little to no change in neighborhood quality. These circumstances are helpful in understanding how results from the Moving to Opportunity program should inform views of neighborhood effects.

A Multinomial-Choice Model of Neighborhood Effects

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A Brock ◽  
Steven N Durlauf
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Multinomial Choice

scholarly journals Neighborhood “Choice Architecture”: A New Strategy for Lower-Emissions Urban Planning?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Michael W. Mehaffy
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Neighborhood Structure ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
Neighborhood Choice

Recent advances in the field of behavioral economics offer intriguing insights into the ways that consumer decisions are influenced and may be influenced more deliberately to better meet community-wide and democratic goals. We demonstrate that these insights open a door to urban planners who may thereby develop strategies to alter urban-scale consumption behaviors that may significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita. We first hypothesize that it is possible, through feasible changes in neighborhood structure, to alter the “choice architecture” of neighborhoods in order to achieve meaningful GHG reductions. We then formulate a number of elements of “choice architecture” that may be applied as tools at the neighborhood scale. We examine several neighborhoods that demonstrate variations in these elements, and from known inventories, we generate a preliminary assessment of the possible magnitude of GHG reductions that may be available. Although we acknowledge many remaining challenges, we conclude that “neighborhood choice architecture” offers a promising new strategy meriting further research and development.

scholarly journals Avicta and Clariva Affect the Biology of the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2480-2486
Author(s):  
Jared P. Jensen ◽  
Upender Kalwa ◽  
Santosh Pandey ◽  
Gregory L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Nematode Development

Nematicidal seed treatments are a relatively new strategy for managing plant-parasitic nematodes in row crops. Two such seed treatments, Avicta (abamectin) and Clariva (Pasteuria nishizawae), are marketed by Syngenta for use against Heterodera glycines in soybean production in the upper Midwest. The specific effects of these seed treatments on the biology of the nematode have not been previously reported. The effects of Avicta and Clariva on H. glycines hatching, movement, attraction, penetration, development, and reproduction were determined in controlled-environment experiments. Avicta inhibited juvenile movement and penetration at the seed depth and 3 cm below the seed. Clariva inhibited juvenile movement and penetration 3 and 5 cm below the seed and nematode development within the roots of young plants. Both seed treatments affected nematodes in 10- and 20-day-old plants, but effects were not detected on nematodes developing in older plants (30 and 60 days) with larger root systems. These results provide details of the specific mechanisms of early-season protection provided by Avicta and Clariva seed treatments.

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