scholarly journals Will Taiwan Be Marginalized by China?

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tain-Jy Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
World Market ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Labor ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Trade And Investment

This paper shows that Taiwan has benefited immensely from China's accession to the World Trade Organization, in terms of the expansion of its exports to China, owing to Taiwan's institutional and structural advantages. Behind the rapid expansion of trade and investment, however, Taiwan runs a high risk of hollowing out its domestic industries, a risk that is manifested in a decline in exports, a loss of control over logistics functions that serve the export industry, and the relocation of research and development activities to China. Taiwan is facing an uphill battle of keeping its capital- and knowledge-intensive industries at home while attempting to take advantage of low-cost Chinese labor to retain its position in the world market.

World trade of beet pulp pellets

2016 ◽  
pp. 501-504
Author(s):  
Sergey Gudoshnikov
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Good Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Additional Income ◽  
Pulp Production

Beet pulp remaining after the extraction of sugar from beet is a good source of highly digestible fibre and energy used for animal feeding. Beet pulp is mostly used domestically but about 15% of global dried beet pulp production is exported to the world market. Although pulp have only little value as compared to sugar, sales of it abroad help generate additional income for the sugar industry with relatively low overheads. In contrast to sugar where import markets are protected by tariffs and non-tariff barriers while export volumes can be heavily regulated by governments, these restrictions are much less extensive for beet pulp trade. This article reviews recent developments in the world trade in beet pulp. The context of the article is based on the ISO study “World Trade of Molasses and Beet Pulp” MECAS(16)06.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Empirical Characterization of Water as a Factor: Examples and Related Issues with the World Trade Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cazcarro ◽  
Albert E. Steenge
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Model ◽  
Selection Of

This article originates from the theoretical and empirical characterization of factors in the World Trade Model (WTM). It first illustrates the usefulness of this type of model for water research to address policy questions related to virtual water trade, water constraints and water scarcity. It also illustrates the importance of certain key decisions regarding the heterogeneity of water and its relation to the technologies being employed and the prices obtained. With regard to WTM, the global economic input–output model in which multiple technologies can produce a “homogeneous output”, it was recently shown that two different mechanisms should be distinguished by which multiple technologies can arise, i.e., from “technology-specific” or from “shared” factors, which implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We discuss and extend these characterizations, notably in relation to the real-world characterization of water as a factor (for which we use the terms technology specific, fully shared and “mixed”). We propose that the presence of these separate mechanisms results in the models being sensitive to relatively small variations in specific numerical values. To address this sensitivity, we suggest a specific role for specific (sub)models or key choices to counter unrealistic model outcomes. To support our proposal we present a selection of simulations for aggregated world regions, and show how key results concerning quantities, prices and rents can be subject to considerable change depending on the precise definitions of resource endowments and the technology-specificity of the factors. For instance, depending on the adopted water heterogeneity level, outcomes can vary from relatively low-cost solutions to higher cost ones and can even reach infeasibility. In the main model discussed here (WTM) factor prices are exogenous, which also contributes to the overall numerical sensitivity of the model. All this affects to a large extent our interpretation of the water challenges, which preferably need to be assessed in integrated frameworks, to account for the main socioeconomic variables, technologies and resources.

scholarly journals World trade and regional trade orientation in the context of forthcoming transatlantic trade and investment partnership

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Czarny ◽  
Paweł Folfas
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

We analyse potential consequences of the forthcoming Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States (TTIP) for trade orientation of both partners. We do it so with along with the short analysis of the characteristics of the third wave of regionalism and the TTIP position in this process as well as the dominant role of the EU and the U.S. in the world economy – especially – in the world trade. Next, we study trade orientation of the hypothetical region created in result of TTIP. We use regional trade introversion index (RTII) to analyze trade between the EU and the U.S. that has taken place until now to get familiar with the potential changes caused by liberalization of trade between both partners. We analyze RTII for mutual trade of the EU and the U.S. Then, we apply disaggregated data to analyze and compare selected partial RTII (e.g. for trade in final and intermediate goods as well as goods produced in the main sectors of economy like agriculture or manufacturing). The analysis of the TTIP region’s orientation of trade based on the historical data from the period 1999-2012 revealed several conclusions. Nowadays, the trade between the EU and the U.S. is constrained by the protection applied by both partners. Trade liberalization constituting one necessary part of TTIP will surely help to intensify this trade. The factor of special concern is trade of agricultural products which is most constrained and will hardly be fully liberalized even within a framework of TTIP. Simultaneously, both parties are even now trading relatively intensively with intermediaries, which are often less protected than the average of the economy for the sake of development of final goods’ production. The manufactured goods are traded relatively often as well, mainly in consequence of their poor protection after many successful liberalization steps in the framework of GATT/WTO. Consequently, we point out that in many respects the TTIP will be important not only for its participants, but for the whole world economy as well. TTIP appears to be an economic and political project with serious consequences for the world economy and politics.

THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO TOBACCO PLAIN PACKAGING DISPUTES FOR PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1027
Author(s):  
Andrew David Mitchell ◽  
Theodore Samlidis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Wto Agreements

AbstractAustralia became the first country to introduce standardised or plain packaging laws for tobacco products in 2011. However, they immediately came under direct and indirect challenge from the tobacco industry in various domestic and international fora, including at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO-consistency of Australia's measures was not settled until June 2020, when the Appellate Body upheld two WTO panels’ earlier findings that Australia had acted consistently with its obligations under certain WTO agreements. This article critically analyses the Appellate Body's key findings and their implications for implementing other public health measures. It is shown that these implications are multifaceted, have political, practical and legal dimensions and are likely to reach beyond the WTO dispute resolution system's bounds into other international trade and investment law contexts.

Porfirian Commercial Propaganda: Mexico in the World Industrial Expositions

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Trade And Investment

Students of late nineteenth century history have long dismissed the world industrial expositions as glittering, but not highly significant reflections of the gilded age. What emerges from the literature of the period, however, is a sense of the overriding commercial importance of these exhibitions. Nineteenth-century observers consistently linked the fairs to the general growth of world trade and to the expanding commercial hegemony of the United States. More specifically, contemporaries agreed that the expositions served to develop trade and investment ties with Latin America. Among the Latin American countries represented in the expositions, Mexico was the most important and consistent participant.

Von einer Neuen Weltwirtschaftsordnung zu einer neuen Weltfreihandelsordnung oder mehr Freihandel statt mehr Gerechtigkeit

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Wide ◽  
World Market ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Trade Policy

Abstract Wolfgang Kessler gives a report on the latest developments ofthe GATT negociations. The failure ofthe Uiruguay round in the autumn of 1990 and the irksome attempts at reanimation are depicted as a result of the strategy ofthe industrialized countries to bargain for their interests by demanding an extension oftheir free trade policy on additional parts of the world market. Kessler contrasts this strategy with a model of an ecologically and socially regulated world trade founded on world-wide agreed upon treaties that focus on a sustainable world economy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and its economic impact on the agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08076
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Spektor ◽  
Svetlana Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Market ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The World ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The world market has lost its status due to the closure of all borders, restrictive measures in the field of world trade. Before the COVID-19 crisis, manufacturers of goods had a good profit from their sales. But due to the closure of the borders and the inability to export their goods, the producer suffered losses, since he could not sell all the grown crops in his country. The pandemic has affected the delivery of goods in a logistics form. This problem has affected all types of transport for the transport of goods.

scholarly journals National iron panorama between 2010 and 2014

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Karina Dias Rocha ◽  
Franciolli da Silva Dantas Araújo ◽  
Amanda Alves Fecury ◽  
Euzébio Oliveira ◽  
Carla Viana Dendasck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
World Market ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
World Production ◽  
Mineral Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Mineral Reserve

Mining is the activity carried out that aims to remove a mineral good from the earth’s crust, representing about 5% of Brazil’s GDP in 2014. Iron is an easily oxidisable, dubious and magnetic chemical element. It is the most common, cheap and most important of metals. Hematite (Fe2 O3) is the main mineral with predominant iron content in its composition. In 2010, Brazil’s iron production accounted for about 15% of world production. The steel industry accounts for 99% of the world’s iron consumption. The sea route is the main means of transport of goods between Brazil and foreign trade. The research was carried out by accessing the DNPM website, the data collected were from 2010 to 2014. In this period Australia had the largest mineral reserve of iron and China the largest production in the world. In 2013 there was a fall in Brazilian iron production and its effective consumption. The national economy and world trade were the main factors for the instability of the Brazilian mineral sector between 2010 and 2014. The decrease in the price of iron in the world market caused the drop in iron production in Brazil in 2013, when iron consumption in Brazil was severely affected by the economic crisis that affected the country. China’s high investments in the mineral sector have boosted the country’s participation in world trade, becoming the world’s leading iron producer, between 2010 and 2014 China was the main buyer of iron produced in Brazil.

scholarly journals A contemporary look at Qatari arbitration of civil and commercial materials from a future perspective: نظرة معاصرة في التحكيم القَطَري للمواد المدنية والتجارية وفق رؤية مستقبلية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azab Alaziz Alhashemi
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Judicial Procedures ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Trade And Investment

The judiciary is the main means of resolving disputes, but with the development of national and international trade and investment conditions, there is an urgent need to find alternative ways to resolve disputes and keep pace with these developments in world trade. Although arbitration as an alternative means of dispute resolution is older than the judiciary, the old concept of arbitration was closer to reconciliation than conciliation. However, the development of arbitration with the development of international trade and the global investment movement, so that most of the laws of countries around the world have devoted a section to the regulation of arbitration and others to the enactment of laws. This development was illustrated by arbitration procedures and the formation of the arbitral tribunal, which was similar to judicial procedures and formations, and then international conventions and treaties strengthening arbitration provisions and ensuring their implementation. It is no longer an exaggeration that international arbitration is no longer an alternative means of resolving international commercial disputes. On the contrary, it has become the main means of resolving these disputes and, unfortunately, has many disadvantages in the judicial system. It is the prolongation of the conflict and the problems and difficulties of implementation.

Developing Medium and Small Technological Enterprises in China

2008 ◽  
pp. 1390-1408
Author(s):  
Zhimin Huang ◽  
Shuqin Cai
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Enterprise Informatization ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World

The 20-year economic reform in China has bred a new group of medium- or small-sized enterprises whose businesses are largely based on scientific and technological development. After China joined the World Trade Organization, these enterprises have had to seek strategies of informatization to survive and develop when facing challenges of economic globalization and rapid expansion of information technology. This paper attempts to examine in detail the necessity and importance of informatization of these enterprises within the context of China’s national economic system, identify issues crucial to the informatization process, and, by relating to the useful experience of enterprise informatization in the United States, propose some practical strategies of adopting advanced means and procedures through integration of essential information technology into enterprise management and operations.

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