Canities Subita after Extreme Trauma Showing Positive Staining for Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies: A New Clue into Etiopathogenesis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Navarro-Triviño ◽  
Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde ◽  
Francisco Manuel Ramos-Pleguezuelos ◽  
Sergio Vañó-Galván
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salt And Pepper

Canities subita has been considered by some authors an acute episode of diffuse alopecia areata in which the sudden whitening is caused by the preferential loss of pigmented hair in this immune-mediated disorder. Clinically, the “salt and pepper” pattern of hair color is the most frequent manifestation of canities subita. However, the exact physiopathology of canities subita is not completely understood. A 69-year-old Caucasian man was referred for the sudden and asymptomatic whitening of the hair on the scalp and eyebrows, without an associated hair loss. The trigger was the death of his brother. Hair whitening appeared 24 h after the event. He reported a history of alopecia areata in plaques on the scalp, with spontaneous complete resolution in 2006. The physical examination showed full whitening hair on the scalp and eyebrows. Eyelashes were not affected. The pull test was negative, and the patient denied a significant hair loss in the last days. The histopathological study showed several follicle-sebaceous structures in the anagen, and one of them (inset) with a transforming hair bulb. The anterior bulb was surrounded by a lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in an advanced stage of transformation to the catagen and incipient scar changes. Immunohistochemistry staining showed a positive anti-PD-L1 antibody expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate. Based on the clinical and histological findings, a diagnosis of canities subita was made. The histopathological study showed a positive staining for anti-PD-L1 antibodies, supporting the role of the immune system in the development of this phenomenon. The interaction between melanogenesis and the lymphocytes warrants further research.

scholarly journals ROLE OF VIRECHANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INDRALUPTA - A SINGLE CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1913-1916
Author(s):  
Harikrishnan. N. Menon ◽  
Syed Munawar Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Subject

Introduction: Indralupta is a type of Kapalagata Roga, it occurs when Pitta along with Vata affecting the hair follicles to become thin and fall, later on, due to vitiation of Kapha and Rakta it blocks the regrowth of hairs. It can be correlated to Alopecia. Alopecia areata is one of its types and it is also known as spot baldness. It may be regarded as immune-mediated hair loss and it is the commonest cause of patchy hair loss. Materials and methods: A 20-year-old female patient approached Shalakya Tantra OPD of SJIIM, Bengaluru complaining of patchy hair loss in the parietal region for 6 months, the subject was systemically reviewed and diagnosed as alopecia areata, were administered with Snehapana, Virechana, internal medication and lepa for 2 months. Result: The subject showed marked improvement in assessment criteria’s as we can see in the photo- graphs taken in the different stages of the treatment. Discussion: Usually Indralupta is treated with more bahya Prayogas like prachanna, here in this study we have concentrated more on the root cause of the disease and treating the underlying cause by Internal medications, thus we got a positive result for the same. Keywords: Alopecia areata, Indralupta, Virechana, Ayurveda.

scholarly journals Diphencyprone Induced Vitiligo: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh ◽  
Gelavizh Keshtmand ◽  
Fariba Jaffary ◽  
Abbas Kheirkhah
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Family History ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Positive Patch Test ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dermatological Disorders

Diphencyprone (DCP) is a contact sensitizer which is used to treat dermatological disorders with an immunological origin, such as extensive alopecia areata (AA). Vitiligo is a rare but known side effect of DPCP therapy which is formed in the treatment site or remote areas. In this paper a 37-year-old man developed alopecia totalis with loss of eyebrows and eyelashes who presented some vitiligo patches on his scalp and arm distant from the location of DPCP application and a 42-year-old woman with 25 years history of hair loss and 3 months DPCP application who revealed some vitiligo patches on the scalp with distant to the site of application at the 6th week are reported. Considering the absence of personal and family history of Vitiligo in our two cases, the hypothesis of latent Vitiligo is not proved. The positive patch test in left arm of one of the patients also suggests the direct role of DPCP as the cause of Vitiligo occurrence. As the development of vitiligo by DCP is unpredictable and the depigmentation may persist indefinitely, it is important to inform all patients about this potential adverse effect before starting the treatment.

scholarly journals Vaccine against arteriosclerosis: an update

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Yuh Chyu ◽  
Paul C. Dimayuga ◽  
Prediman K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Substantial data from experimental and clinical investigation support the role of immune-mediated mechanisms in atherogenesis, with immune systems responding to many endogenous and exogenous antigens that play either proatherogenic or atheroprotective roles. An active immunization strategy against many of these antigens could potentially alter the natural history of atherosclerosis. This review mainly focuses on the important studies on the search for antigens that have been tested in vaccine formulations to reduce atherosclerosis in preclinical models. It will also address the opportunities and challenges associated with potential clinical application of this novel therapeutic paradigm.

Increased Incidence of Thyroid Disease in Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Xin ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Li Lu ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Ling Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Immune Mediated

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, clinically heterogeneous, immune-mediated, nonscarring hair loss disease with a pathogenesis that is not fully understood. The prevalence of thyroid disease is likely increased among individuals with AA. However, this association remains controversial. Objective: To evaluate the risk of thyroid disease in patients with AA. Methods: We performed a systematic review by searching both English and Chinese literature databases. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to summarize the association between thyroid disease and AA. Results: In total, 17 articles were included in this meta-analysis, with 2,850 AA cases and 4,667 controls. Overall, the prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with AA was significantly increased compared with that in controls (odds ratios 3.66, 95% confidence intervals 2.90–4.61). Conclusions: The results suggest that AA patients should be screened for thyroid disease.

The Role of Inflammation in Neurological Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1485-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Degan ◽  
Raffaele Ornello ◽  
Cindy Tiseo ◽  
Antonio Carolei ◽  
Simona Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Myelin Proteins ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Traditionally neurological diseases have been classified, on the basis of their pathogenesis, into vascular, degenerative, inflammatory and traumatic diseases. Examples of the main inflammatory neurological diseases include multiple sclerosis, which is characterized by an immune-mediated response against myelin proteins, and meningoencephalitis, where the inflammatory response is triggered by infectious agents. However, recent evidence suggests a potential role of inflammatory mechanisms also in neurological conditions not usually categorized as inflammatory, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’ disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke and traumatic brain injuries. The activation of glial cells and of complement-mediated pathways, the synthesis of inflammation mediators, and the recruitment of leukocytes are the key elements of secondary inflammatory injury following a wide spectrum of primary brain injuries. A better understanding of the role that inflammatory processes play in the natural history of diseases is essential in order to identify potential therapeutic targets and to develop integrated pharmacological approaches acting at different levels and stages of the diseases.

Systematic Desensitization as a Component for Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Case Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith E. Stowe ◽  
Edward Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Systematic Desensitization ◽  
Hair Regrowth ◽  
History Of

Systematic desensitization and relaxation were employed to examine their effects on hair growth in a 20-yr.-old male with a 4-yr. history of alopecia areata. Six bald scalp patches were photographed over 6 mo.; 2 ordered hierarchies involving interpersonal and compulsive themes were presented in 8 treatment sessions. Results indicated nearly complete hair regrowth over the 6 mo., with no new appearances of bald patches. Both rate and duration of growth exceeded that reported in dermatological literature, suggesting that autonomic activity associated with anxiety and nervousness are correlated with physiological changes precipitating hair loss.

scholarly journals Thyroid Disease in Alopecia Areata, Lichen Planopilaris, and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia—A Case Control Study of 144 Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Q Nguyen ◽  
Monica Tsai ◽  
Tristan Grogan ◽  
Carolyn Goh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lichen Planopilaris ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Control Study

Background: Hair loss can be a troublesome aspect of thyroid disease for some patients. In addition to diffuse hair thinning, thyroid disease has been associated with clinically significant forms of alopecia, including alopecia areata (AA) and telogen effluvium. The role of thyroid disease in other causes of alopecia, such as lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), remains unclear. This study retrospectively assessed the role of thyroid dysfunction in AA, LPP and FFA. Methods: A systematic chart review of 144 patients was performed from September 2010 to July 2013. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to test for a relationship between thyroid disease and type of alopecia. Results: A total of 113 alopecia patients were analyzed. A positive history of thyroid disease was found in 16.0% of AA, 25.0% of FFA, 17.1% of LPP, and 15.1% of control patients. After controlling for age and sex, alopecia was not found to be a statistically significant predictor of thyroid disease. Conclusions: Although alopecia patients in this study had rates of thyroid dysfunction higher than the U.S. population, there were no significant differences in rates of thyroid dysfunction compared to the control group.

Differential diagnostic criteria of alopecia areata

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
A. M Baltabaev ◽  
V. P Tkachev ◽  
M. K Baltabaev
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Psychosocial Status ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
The Individual

Alopecia areata is a poliethiologic immune mediated condition, associated with lesion of the hair follicles, leading to disruption of growing cycle and subsequent hair loss. Taking into account the different age of patients and repeated recurrence despite of the therapy, as well as changes in the appearance of the individual affecting psychosocial status, patchy hair loss refers to the category of socially important disorders. The introduction of computer technologies facilitated diagnostic approaches through developing of specific criteria for the diagnosis of alopecia areata, which improved its differentiation with similar dermatological conditions. This publication intended to review and analyze of clinical cases of several dermatological disorders which remind clinics of different forms of alopecia areata. The importance of trichoscopy was shown to provide differential diagnosis in various hair-loss conditions to evaluate morphometric hair and skin characteristics.

scholarly journals Adiponectin as a novel biomarker of disease severity in alopecia areata

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stochmal ◽  
Anna Waśkiel-Burnat ◽  
Sylwia Chrostowska ◽  
Michał Zaremba ◽  
Adriana Rakowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Loss Severity

AbstractThe frequent coexistence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with alopecia areata may indicate the common pathogenetic pathway in these conditions with an important role of adipokines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum level of adiponectin, resistin and leptin in patients with alopecia areata in comparison to healthy controls. The study included 65 patients with alopecia areata and 71 healthy controls. The concentration of adipokines was determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean concentrations of adiponectin and resistin were significantly lower in the sera of patients with alopecia areata when compared to healthy controls (7966 $$\pm$$ ± 4087 vs 9947 $$\pm$$ ± 5692 ng/ml; p = 0.0312 and 11.04 $$\pm$$ ± 3.88 vs 14.11 $$\pm$$ ± 8.69 ng/ml; p = 0.0176, respectively). A negative correlation between the serum level of adiponectin and severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score was observed (r = − 0.26; p < 0.05). The concentration of adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with alopecia universalis than in patients with patchy alopecia areata (4951 $$\pm$$ ± 2499 vs 8525 $$\pm$$ ± 4085 ng/ml; p = 0.0135). No significant difference in the serum concentration of leptin was observed between patients with alopecia areata and healthy controls. The negative correlation between the serum level of adiponectin and hair loss severity indicates that adiponectin may be considered a marker of hair loss severity in alopecia areata. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of resistin in patients with alopecia areata and its decreased level irregardless of severity or activity of the disease.

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