scholarly journals ROLE OF VIRECHANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INDRALUPTA - A SINGLE CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1913-1916
Author(s):  
Harikrishnan. N. Menon ◽  
Syed Munawar Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Subject

Introduction: Indralupta is a type of Kapalagata Roga, it occurs when Pitta along with Vata affecting the hair follicles to become thin and fall, later on, due to vitiation of Kapha and Rakta it blocks the regrowth of hairs. It can be correlated to Alopecia. Alopecia areata is one of its types and it is also known as spot baldness. It may be regarded as immune-mediated hair loss and it is the commonest cause of patchy hair loss. Materials and methods: A 20-year-old female patient approached Shalakya Tantra OPD of SJIIM, Bengaluru complaining of patchy hair loss in the parietal region for 6 months, the subject was systemically reviewed and diagnosed as alopecia areata, were administered with Snehapana, Virechana, internal medication and lepa for 2 months. Result: The subject showed marked improvement in assessment criteria’s as we can see in the photo- graphs taken in the different stages of the treatment. Discussion: Usually Indralupta is treated with more bahya Prayogas like prachanna, here in this study we have concentrated more on the root cause of the disease and treating the underlying cause by Internal medications, thus we got a positive result for the same. Keywords: Alopecia areata, Indralupta, Virechana, Ayurveda.

Canities Subita after Extreme Trauma Showing Positive Staining for Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies: A New Clue into Etiopathogenesis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Navarro-Triviño ◽  
Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde ◽  
Francisco Manuel Ramos-Pleguezuelos ◽  
Sergio Vañó-Galván
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salt And Pepper

Canities subita has been considered by some authors an acute episode of diffuse alopecia areata in which the sudden whitening is caused by the preferential loss of pigmented hair in this immune-mediated disorder. Clinically, the “salt and pepper” pattern of hair color is the most frequent manifestation of canities subita. However, the exact physiopathology of canities subita is not completely understood. A 69-year-old Caucasian man was referred for the sudden and asymptomatic whitening of the hair on the scalp and eyebrows, without an associated hair loss. The trigger was the death of his brother. Hair whitening appeared 24 h after the event. He reported a history of alopecia areata in plaques on the scalp, with spontaneous complete resolution in 2006. The physical examination showed full whitening hair on the scalp and eyebrows. Eyelashes were not affected. The pull test was negative, and the patient denied a significant hair loss in the last days. The histopathological study showed several follicle-sebaceous structures in the anagen, and one of them (inset) with a transforming hair bulb. The anterior bulb was surrounded by a lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in an advanced stage of transformation to the catagen and incipient scar changes. Immunohistochemistry staining showed a positive anti-PD-L1 antibody expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate. Based on the clinical and histological findings, a diagnosis of canities subita was made. The histopathological study showed a positive staining for anti-PD-L1 antibodies, supporting the role of the immune system in the development of this phenomenon. The interaction between melanogenesis and the lymphocytes warrants further research.

scholarly journals A CASE STUDY: ROLE OF RAKTAMOKSHAN AND BAHYA LEPA IN MANAGE-MENT OF PSORIASIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4254-4258
Author(s):  
Abhishek Saxena ◽  
Bhanu Priya Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
New Skin

Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by red scaly patches over the skin. Broadly all the diseases of skin come under the umbrella of kustha. In ayurvedic text, Charaka samhita, kustha has been beautifully explained. Psoriasis is an immune mediated disease which mistakenly sends out faulty signals for a normal skin assuming it as a pathogen which causes overproduction of new skin cells. Fortunately, it is a non-contagious inflammatory skin disease. Psychological stress is one of the major triggering factors in the exacerbation of the disease. Ekkustha has similar features as like Psoriasis. Ayurveda is a holistic ap-proach particularly correcting the root cause through shodhana (panchakarma). While explaining the treatment for kustha, acharya chakarapani explains repetitive shodhana karma to be done on regular in-tervals to cure the disease. Hence a single case of ekkustha was given Raktamokshana followed by bahya lepa at regular interval to access the effect of the procedures. Different assessment criteria were used to monitor the improvements. There was significant relief in the scaling, discolouration of skin, elevated patches & redness of the skin lesion which explains that detoxification of the body reduces the inflamma-tory condition of the body by bringing back the normalcy of the dosha in the body

Differential diagnostic criteria of alopecia areata

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
A. M Baltabaev ◽  
V. P Tkachev ◽  
M. K Baltabaev
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Psychosocial Status ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
The Individual

Alopecia areata is a poliethiologic immune mediated condition, associated with lesion of the hair follicles, leading to disruption of growing cycle and subsequent hair loss. Taking into account the different age of patients and repeated recurrence despite of the therapy, as well as changes in the appearance of the individual affecting psychosocial status, patchy hair loss refers to the category of socially important disorders. The introduction of computer technologies facilitated diagnostic approaches through developing of specific criteria for the diagnosis of alopecia areata, which improved its differentiation with similar dermatological conditions. This publication intended to review and analyze of clinical cases of several dermatological disorders which remind clinics of different forms of alopecia areata. The importance of trichoscopy was shown to provide differential diagnosis in various hair-loss conditions to evaluate morphometric hair and skin characteristics.

Suicide of a Tenor Amidst the Stage Setting of the Werther Opera's Death Scene

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manina Mestas ◽  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fictional Narrative ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Werther Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
Identification Processes

Abstract. Background: Reporting on suicide can elicit an increase in suicides, a phenomenon termed the “Werther effect.” The name can be traced back to an alleged spike in suicides after the publication of Goethe's novel The Sorrows of Young Werther in 1774, in which the protagonist Werther dies by suicide. Aims: Acknowledging the importance and primacy of systematic ecological and individual-level studies, we provide a historical single-case report of the suicide of a “late arrival of the Werther epidemic,” as the death was headlined in a news report in 1927. Method: Archival research on tenor Paul Vidal's suicide was conducted. Results: Vidal reconstructed the scene of the final act of the opera Werther in his apartment and died by a gunshot, as did Werther. Limitations: Causal interpretations must be made with caution. Conclusion: Striking similarities between Werther's and Vidal's deaths support the idea of strong identification with the fictional narrative and suggest causal effects. Considering the repeated high level of immersiveness and the intense emotions of opera performances, it is likely that performing the role of Werther increases identification processes, contributing to detrimental effects. The lack of knowledge regarding the role of fictional suicide stories on artists' suicides is discussed.

Social Constructionism and the Role of the Unconscious in Hypnotic Responding: A Single Case Experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
David P. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Unconscious Mind

AbstractThere seems to be wide acceptance by both professionals and lay people that hypnotic and especially hypnotherapeutic responding is based on the long-standing but still hypothetical dichotomy between the conscious and unconscious minds. In this simplistic view, hypnotic suggestions are considered to bypass consciousness to reach the unconscious mind, there to have the intended effect. This article reports on a single-case experiment investigating the involvement of the unconscious in hypnotherapeutic responding. In this case the subject responded positively to suggestions that could not have reached the unconscious, indicating that the unconscious was not involved in such responding. An alternative view is proposed, namely that hypnotherapeutic responding involves a cognitive process in which a socially constructed new understanding of the problem behaviour and of hypnosis, based on the client's existing attribution of meaning, is followed by action considered appropriate to the new understanding and which then confirms this understanding, leading to behaviour change.

Disorders of Hair

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Q Del Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Broad Overview

A basic knowledge of the hair growth cycle is needed to evaluate disorders of hair growth. This chapter presents a broad overview of the physiology and evaluation of hair growth, as well as discussions of specific types of alopecia. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of androgenetic alopecia, the most common type of nonscarring hair loss, are covered. Diffuse hair shedding is generalized hair loss over the entire scalp. Diagnosis and treatment of telogen effluvium, anagen arrest (anagen effluvium), and other causes of diffuse hair shedding are covered in detail. Alopecia areata, typically characterized by patchy hair loss; cicatricial alopecia, which results from permanent scarring of the hair follicles; and miscellaneous causes of hair loss are also discussed. Tables list the causes of diffuse and cicatricial alopecia, telogen effluvium, and miscellaneous chemicals and categories of drugs that can cause alopecia, as well as miscellaneous causes of hair loss. Included is an algorithm outlining the approach to diagnosing nonscarring alopecia, as well as a variety of clinical photographs. This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 42 references.

The Neuropathology of 1p36 Deletion Syndrome: An Autopsy Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle S Conway ◽  
Fozia Ghafoor ◽  
Amy C Gottschalk ◽  
Joseph Laakman ◽  
Renee L Eigsti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Cerebellar Hypoplasia ◽  
Autopsy Case ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Renal Abnormalities

Abstract 1p36 deletion syndrome is the most common terminal deletion syndrome, manifesting clinically as abnormal facies and developmental delay with frequent cardiac, skeletal, urogenital, and renal abnormalities. Limited autopsy case reports describe the neuropathology of 1p36 deletion syndrome. The most extensive single case report described a spectrum of abnormalities, mostly related to abnormal neuronal migration. We report the largest published series of 1p36 autopsy cases, with an emphasis on neuropathologic findings. Our series consists of 3 patients: 2 infants (5-hours old and 23-days old) and 1 older child (11 years). Our patients showed abnormal cortical gyration together with a spectrum of neuronal migration abnormalities, including heterotopias and hippocampal abnormalities, as well as cerebellar hypoplasia. Our findings thus support the role of neuronal migration defects in the pathogenesis of cognitive defects in 1p36 deletion syndrome and broaden the reported neuropathologic spectrum of this common syndrome.

scholarly journals Cytokines and Other Mediators in Alopecia Areata

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatis Gregoriou ◽  
Dafni Papafragkaki ◽  
George Kontochristopoulos ◽  
Eustathios Rallis ◽  
Dimitrios Kalogeromitros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Strong Component ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Shed Light

Alopecia areata, a disease of the hair follicles with multifactorial etiology and a strong component of autoimmune origin, has been extensively studied as far as the role of several cytokines is concerned. So far, IFN-, interleukins, TNF-, are cytokines that are well known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease, while several studies have shown that many more pathways exist. Among them, MIG, IP-10, BAFF, HLA antigens, MIG, as well as stress hormones are implicated in disease onset and activity. Within the scope of this paper, the authors attempt to shed light upon the complexity of alopecia areata underlying mechanisms and indicate pathways that may suggest future treatments.

Gambling-Induced Analgesia: A Single Case Report

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Blaszczynski ◽  
Fiona Maccallum
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Conditioning Model ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Analgesic Medication ◽  
Negative Reinforcer ◽  
The Subject

This paper describes a single case study of analgesia induced by gambling. The subject is a 48-year-old male diagnosed with pathological gambling problems, suffering chronic back pain resulting from a road trauma. The reported intensity of arousal associated with slot machines and roulette produced a state of dissociation or distraction that temporarily reduced levels of pain. Consistent with an operant conditioning model, this reduction in pain was a negative reinforcer that acted to elicit further gambling whenever the pain reached a certain level of discomfort. In the absence of any effective analgesic medication, he used gambling as his predominant strategy to manage pain. He began to enjoy gambling, and within a relatively short period, lost more than he intended and commenced chasing losses. Pain levels decreased following chiropractic interventions, but his gambling continued. The additional, positive reinforcing effects of the excitement generated by the slot machines and roulette gaming became sufficient to maintain persistence in gambling independent of pain experienced. This case highlights the possibility that psychological factors involved in establishing a gambling habit may differ from those involved in maintaining persistence.

scholarly journals Hair Follicles from Alopecia Areata Patients Exhibit Alterations in Immune Privilege-Associated Gene Expression in Advance of Hair Loss

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 2677-2680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Kang ◽  
Wen-Yu Wu ◽  
Blanche K.K. Lo ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
Gigi Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Immune Privilege
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