Distinct Solute Removal Patterns by Similar Surface High-Flux Membranes in Haemodiafiltration: The Adsorption Point of View

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miquel Gomez ◽  
Elisenda Bañon-Maneus ◽  
Marta Arias-Guillén ◽  
Néstor Fontseré ◽  
José Jesús Broseta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Synthetic Membranes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adsorbed Mass ◽  
Adsorbed Proteins ◽  
Diffusion Convection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Haemodialysis (HD) allow depuration of uraemic toxins by diffusion, convection, and adsorption. Online haemodiafiltration (HDF) treatments add high convection to enhance removal. There are no prior studies on the relationship between convection and adsorption in HD membranes. The possible benefits conferred by intrinsic adsorption on protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBUTs) removal are unknown. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-two patients underwent their second 3-days per week HD sessions with randomly selected haemodialysers (polysulfone, polymethylmethacrylate, cellulose triacetate, and polyamide copolymer) in high-flux HD and HDF. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the treatment to assess the reduction ratio (RR) in a wide range of molecular weight uraemic toxins. A mid-range removal score (GRS) was also calculated. An elution protocol was implemented to quantify the amount of adsorbed mass (<i>M</i><sub>ads</sub>) for each molecule in every dialyser. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All synthetic membranes achieved higher RR for all toxins when used in HDF, specially the polysulfone haemodialyser, resulting in a GRS = 0.66 ± 0.06 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001 vs. cellulose triacetate and polyamide membranes). Adsorption was slightly enhanced by convection for all membranes. The polymethylmethacrylate membrane showed expected substantial adsorption of β<sub>2</sub>-microglobulin (<i>M</i><sub>ads</sub><sup>HDF</sup> = 3.5 ± 2.1 mg vs. <i>M</i><sub>ads</sub><sup>HD</sup> = 2.1 ± 0.9 mg, <i>p</i> = 0.511), whereas total protein adsorption was pronounced in the cellulose triacetate membrane (<i>M</i><sub>ads</sub><sup>HDF</sup> = 427.2 ± 207.9 mg vs. <i>M</i><sub>ads</sub><sup>HD</sup> = 274.7 ± 138.3 mg, <i>p</i> = 0.586) without enhanced PBUT removal. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Convection improves removal and slightly increases adsorption. Adsorbed proteins do not lead to enhanced PBUTs depuration and limit membrane efficiency due to fouling. Selection of the correct membrane for convective therapies is mandatory to optimize removal efficiency.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

Banking services for SMEs' internationalization: evaluating customer satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Formisano ◽  
Andrea Moretta Tartaglione ◽  
Maria Fedele ◽  
Ylenia Cavacece
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Kano Model ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the quality of banking services provided in support of small- and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs) internationalization from the customers' perspective.Design/methodology/approachCustomer satisfaction of 50 Italian SMEs with the banking services provided for international activities has been evaluated by adopting the Kano model's continuous and discrete analyses.FindingsResults show which banking services provided for business internationalization are necessary to satisfy customers' expectations, which services customers like having and dislike not having and which services are unexpected by customers creating a high increase in satisfaction when provided.Research limitations/implicationsThis work shows the value of the Kano model in evaluating the non-linear relationship between customer satisfaction and quality of banking services for the international activities of companies. The main limitation of this work is the limited geographical context of the investigation.Practical implicationsThis research suggests banks to transform their role in the relationship with SMEs from mere financiers to active partners committed to their growth abroad by offering a wide range of services not just financial, but also counselling and care professional, thus achieving mutual benefits.Originality/valuePrevious works on banking services and business internationalization are focussed on the transaction costs, information asymmetries and the impact of online banking. This work advances available knowledge by analysing the customer's point of view, evaluating the satisfaction of SMEs which, although more dependent on banks for their expansion abroad than large listed companies, are mostly ignored by literature.

Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Ptolemaic Triad: The Three Uprooted Horns in Dan 7:8, 20 and 24 Reconsidered

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Blasius
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The South ◽  
Special Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article deals with the enigmatic prediction and explanation in Dan 7:8, 20 and 24 concerning the three out of ten horns of the fourth beast that were "uprooted" in front of the eleventh, little horn widely identified with Antiochus IV. Analysing the verses from a historical point of view like the text's first exegete Porphyry in the late third c. C.E. and modifying his thesis as it has been proposed by E. Bickermann the author presents and discusses the evidence for the rule of a Ptolemaic triad at the time of Antiochus' IV reign, still questioned by some scholars, which should be seen as the model for Daniel's visionary report. This identification set on firmer ground allows to critically question the wide range of other interpretations and to confirm the strong parallel in processing certain historical facts in Dan 7 and 11 in yet another special aspect. The relationship between Seleucids and Ptolemies in its final stage witnessed by the author of Daniel, the 6th Syrian War, characterizes Antiochus' total victory over the hated enemy "of the South" as the climax of the Seleucid's foreign success—and glory.

scholarly journals The Stress in the Working Environment: A General Point of View of the Effects of Stress on the Productivity of Nurses

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Violeta Sadiku(Alterziu)
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
General Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clear Point ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Productivity Ratio

The main focus of this study is the qualitative analysis of the phenomenon of stress and its influence on the productivity in the working environment. In order to create a clear point of view in the stress-productivity ratio, this study has been channeled in the profession of nurses. For this reason there were selected 8 nurses from the General Hospital in the city of Elbasan, from which 7 are females and 1 is a male. Every member underwent a structured interview, which contains 15 claims. From the analysis of the results it was concluded that the stress has a wide range of spreading and a considerable amount of influence among nurses and their productivity. Furthermore, there were identified some factors and sources of stress such as: the condition of the patients, the lack of working tools and medicaments, people’s irresponsibility, the lack of respect toward the hospital’s rules, misunderstandings, the work overload and the relationship with the colleagues. Towards the end of the study there are offered some recommendations for the stress management in the working environment, based on the elements which were evidenced from the data analysis

The Structure of Discourse: Visual Semiotic in Picture book of "Creation" by Wolf Erlbruch

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Masoud Mojaveri Agah
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Latent Process ◽  
The Relationship

Illustration of children's books, such as the concept of childhood, has been shaped by a wide range of different choices, and each Illustrator finds a way to link and communicate with the text through the discourse device. Discourse means applying the language through individual action, illustration, also depicts the discourse of the work in the type of function and language manifestation; A language that in expression has a function different from that of a particular language which leads to a kind of active search in collective cultural visual memory. Although both the writing material and the image due to the use of the form of expression are text (a system of signifier relationships), their relationship complicates this point of view. Now the Illustrative Objective turn to make choice with a high responsibility. So the major questions are: 1. what is the process of illustrative discourse? 2. What is the design and process of semantic-signs of illustrated books? 3. Is there any certainty in imaging discourse for making meaning? This article sought to understand the shape and process of sign-semantics in illustrating children's books, and found that the relationship between text and image creates a semantic play that does not have semantic certainty, instead, an expert illustrator is trying to effectively shape this relationship to become dynamic. The main purpose of the article is to find the important semantic-sign features in the latent process of making meaning in the illustration, so the formation of semantics is more important as a result of the relationship between text and image. In this article, the spiritual theme of creation in illustrating has been studied in a work of Wolf Erlbruch as a sample of semantic study.

Bench-to-Bedside Theranostics in Nuclear Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 3804-3811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Jokar ◽  
Majid Assadi ◽  
Anna Yordanova ◽  
Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Molecular Targeting ◽  
Optimum Selection ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The optimum selection of the appropriate radiolabelled probe for the right target and the right patient is the foundation of theranostics in personalised medicine. In nuclear medicine, this process is realised through the appropriate choice of radiopharmaceuticals based on molecular biomarkers regarding molecular imaging. Theranostics is developing a strategy that can be used to implement accepted tools for individual molecular targeting, including diagnostics, and advances in genomic molecular knowledge, which has led to identifying theranostics biomaterials that have the potency to diagnose and treat malignancies. Today, numerous studies have reported on the discovery and execution of these radiotracers in personalised medicine. In this review, we presented our point of view of the most important theranostics agents that can be used to treat several types of malignancies. Molecular targeted radionuclide treatment methods based on theranostics are excellent paradigms of the relationship between molecular imaging and therapy that has been used to provide individualised or personalised patient care. Toward that end, a precise planned prospective examination of theranostics must be done to compare this approach to more standard therapies.

High Peritoneal Clearance of Small Molecules Did Not Provide Low Serum β2–Microglobulin Concentrations in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 34-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguru Yamamoto ◽  
Akio Kasai ◽  
Hisaki Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Synthetic Membranes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Cycling ◽  
Peritoneal Permeability ◽  
The Relationship

Objective Although early reports demonstrated that serum β2-microglobulin (s-β2m) concentrations in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) were lower than those in patients on hemodialysis (HD), more recent studies demonstrated lower s-β2m concentrations in HD patients treated mainly with high-flux synthetic membranes. We therefore compared s-β2m concentrations between patients on PD and on HD, and also analyzed the relationship between s-β2m concentrations and other parameters in patients on PD. Patients and Methods We investigated 24 patients who had been undergoing PD [11 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 13 on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis] for 4.3 ± 2.7 years, and 24 patients who had been undergoing HD with high-flux synthetic membranes for 6.1 ± 3.2 years. Concentrations of s-β2m in the PD patients were compared to concentrations in the HD patients. In patients on PD, we also analyzed the relationship between s-β2m concentration and other parameters, including residual renal function, total weekly Kt/V urea, total weekly creatinine clearance (CCr), and dialysis schedules. Results We found no significant difference in s-β2m concentrations between the PD and HD patients (33.6 ± 10.4 mg/L vs 30.3 ± 10.5 mg/L respectively). Concentrations of s-β2m in PD patients rose with PD duration and were significantly inversely correlated with residual renal function ( r = –0.71, p < 0.0001). Unexpectedly, concentrations of s-β2m in anuric PD patients rose as peritoneal CCr increased. And most of the patients with high s-β2m levels fell into the high or high-average transport categories according to a peritoneal equilibration test. Conclusions Concentrations of s-β2m in patients on PD did not differ significantly from concentrations in HD patients who were using high-flux synthetic membranes. The contribution of residual renal function to removal of β2m was more important than the contribution of peritoneal clearance. High peritoneal clearance of small molecules did not result in low s-β2m concentrations, especially in anuric patients with accelerated peritoneal permeability.

Where There’s Fire There’s Smoke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Odell
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Divine Command ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Textual Interpretation ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sociohistorical Context ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

What critics emphasize in their study of the Bible in art depends on a wide range of issues, including the artist’s sociohistorical context, the purpose for which the art is created, and critics’ own interpretive interests. Because all approaches treat biblical art as interpretation in its own right, critics must first address the relationship between text and image. This chapter applies Cheryl Exum’s method of visual criticism to establish a genuine dialogue between biblical texts and their artistic representations in order to interpret figural representations as artistic solutions to textual cruxes. This method is used to elucidate a difficult scene—the painting of Ezekiel’s vision of the valley of dry bones in the Dura-Europos Synagogue. This scene will be examined in light of textual problems in MT Ezekiel 9:1–6, rabbinic textual interpretation of Ezekiel 8-9, and the iconography of idolatry in the cycle of synagogue paintings. The scene does not focus on every detail in these chapters; rather, it produces evidence of idolatry, in the display of bowls and incense burners and, more dramatically, in the portrayal of the executioners’ search for the protective Tau as they carry out the divine command of judgment. The artists’ selection of these two episodes indicates a keen engagement of the artists with questions of identity and idolatry in the religiously plural city of Dura-Europos. Thus explained, the scene clarifies the contribution of the Ezekiel painting to the synagogue cycle’s emphasis on Jewish identity in a polytheist context.

Max Weber at the turn of the millennium: a new generation, new (epistemo) logics

2021 ◽  
Vol - (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Alexander Golikov
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of the Max Weber’s position in sociology and philosophy and the position of sociology and philosophy in relation to Max Weber at the turn of the millennium. The author addresses a number of aspects of Weber’s theory (epistemology, axiology, ontology at the microlevel and at the macrolevel), well known and studied in sociology, in order to produce a holistic picture of Max Weber’s conceptual and methodological proposals in terms of their epistemological perspective. In addition, the article examines the currently missed opportunities of Weber’s concept and theorizing, in particular, the paradox of sociological and philosophical discourses, the study of economic action, etc. The author using a wide range of analysts and concepts of Western (E. Troeltsch, J. Habermas, J. Kaube, W. Schluchter, S. Kalberg, T. Schwinn, H. Joas, J. Vahland, K. Palonen) and post-Soviet (Yu Davydov, L. Titarenko, S. Zolyan, T. Dmitriev) sociologists and philosophers, as well as analyzing a number of works of the German philosopher and sociologist himself, demonstrates the heuristic potential of Weber’s developments in various dimensions. The topics of the origins and roots of the Weberian concept, its methodology of science, the social status of science from Weber’s point of view, the place of enchantment in social and epistemological processes, the relationship between motive and meaning, the problem of administrative power and utility, human rights in Weber’s optics and macrohistorical logic in his research are touched upon. The author also draws attention to the connection between Weber’s socio-political and worldview position with his epistemological developments, his scientific and academic activities. Analogies are drawn between the situations of the early XX and early XXI centuries with the demonstration of the possibilities of Weber’s experience in the modern socio-cultural and historical situation.

scholarly journals The Irascible Heroine in E.T.A. Hoffmann’s Fairy Tale, “Princess Brambilla: A Capriccio in the Style of Jacques Callot”

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Val Scullion ◽  
Marion Treby
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
Patriarchal Ideology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This socio-linguistic study of a selection of E.T.A. Hoffmann’s literary fairy tales, particularly “Princess Brambilla: A capriccio in the style of Jacques Callot” (1820), focuses on his revisioning of contemporary social discourses on gender. Conventionally, these discourses depicted men as dominating and women as subservient, whereas Hoffmann’s wide range of fairy-tale characters subverts a strict gender differentiation. The authors’ use of a Bakhtinian method to disentangle interdependent narrative strands in this carnivalesque fairy tale reveals its lack of a single patriarchal ideology. By exploring the relationship between “Brambilla”’s unconventional heroine Giacinta-Brambilla, and unheroic hero Giglio-Chiapperi, their argument demonstrates how Giacinta’s dominance facilitates Giglio’s developing self-knowledge. Through examining differing critical interpretations of Hoffmann’s presentation of women, the authors argue that, set against the normative values of his time, “Princess Brambilla” takes a subversive position. In short, Hoffmann’s fairy tales, in their historical context, offered a new way to interpret gender.

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