scholarly journals Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B6

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jungert ◽  
Jakob Linseisen ◽  
Karl-Heinz Wagner ◽  
Margrit Richter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Allometric Exponent ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Adult Females

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The Nutrition Societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland as the joint editors of the “D-A-CH reference values for nutrient intake” have revised the reference values for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> in summer 2019. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> For women, the average requirement (AR) for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake was derived on the basis of balance studies using a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) plasma concentration of ≥30 nmol/L as a biomarker of an adequate vitamin B<sub>6</sub> status. The recommended intake (RI) was derived considering a coefficient of variation of 10%. The RIs of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> for men, children, and adolescents were extrapolated from the vitamin B<sub>6</sub> requirement for women considering differences in body weight, an allometric exponent, growth factors as appropriate, and a coefficient of variation. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, an estimated value was set based on the vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake via breast feeding. The reference value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was extrapolated from the estimated value for infants under 4 months of age and the average vitamin B<sub>6</sub> requirement for adults. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the foetus and the loss via breast milk. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> According to the combined analysis of 5 balance studies, the AR for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> to ensure a plasma PLP concentration of ≥30 nmol/L is 1.2 mg/day for adult females and the extrapolated AR for adult males is 1.3 mg/day. The corresponding RIs of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> are 1.4 mg/day for adult females and 1.6 mg/day for adult males, independent of age. For infants, the estimated value is 0.1 mg/day and 0.3 mg/day, depending on age. The AR of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> for children and adolescents ranges between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/day, and the RI is between 0.6 mg/day and 1.6 mg/day. During pregnancy, the AR is 1.3 mg/day in the first trimester and 1.5 mg/day in the second and third trimesters; the RI is 1.5 mg/day in the first trimester and 1.8 mg/day in the second and third trimesters. For lactating women, the AR is 1.3 mg/day and the RI is 1.6 mg/day.

scholarly journals Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Strohm ◽  
Sabine Ellinger ◽  
Eva Leschik-Bonnet ◽  
Friederike Maretzke ◽  
Helmut Heseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Urinary Potassium

Background: The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria and Switzerland have revised the reference values for potassium intake in January 2017. Methods: For adults, the estimated value was based on the 24-h urinary potassium excretion and on preventive considerations regarding hypertension and stroke. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from the adult estimated value considering differences in body mass. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, the estimated value was set based on the potassium intake via breast milk. From this reference value, the estimated value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was also derived by extrapolation. The estimated value for lactating women takes into account the potassium loss via breast milk. Results: The estimated values for potassium intake are set at 400 mg/day for breastfed infants aged 0 to under 4 months, 600 mg/day for infants aged 4 to under 12 months, 1,100-4,000 mg/day for children and adolescents, 4,000 mg/day for adults and pregnant women and 4,400 mg/day for lactating women. Conclusions: The consumption of potassium-rich foods should be generally increased. Supplemental intake beyond the estimated values has no health benefit and is therefore not recommended.

scholarly journals Assessment of oxygen-uptake efficiency slope in healthy children and children with heart disease: Generation of appropriate reference values for the OUES variable

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos AC Hossri ◽  
Isabela PM Alves de Souza ◽  
Joana ST de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz E Mastrocola
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope

Background Oxygen-uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is an objective measure of functional capacity that does not require a maximal effort but is considerably dependent on anthropometric variables and requires the generation of an appropriate reference value in children. This study aimed to establish normal reference values for OUES/kg in children with and without congenital heart diseases. Besides that, reference values are presented secondarily for OUES per body surface area (OUES/BSA). Design Cross-sectional. Methods Six hundred and seventy-six children and adolescents performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (305 healthy controls and 371 individuals with congenital heart defect), between four and 21 years old (481 males and 195 females, with a mean age of 12 years). Results The OUES reference value for the classification of children and adolescents with normal functional capacity (>80% of predicted maximum oxygen uptake) was 34.63 (sensitivity 77% and specificity 83%, p < 0.05). Regarding the body surface area, considering healthy patients and those with heart disease, the cutoff value of the OUES/BSA was 1151 with sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 79%. Conclusions OUES/kg may be an important marker tool in the differentiation between preserved or abnormal functional capacity in children and adolescents with and without congenital heart disease, even at the submaximal level of exercise.

scholarly journals Association between vitamin B12intake and EURRECA's prioritized biomarkers of vitamin B12in young populations: a systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Iglesia ◽  
Rosalie AM Dhonukshe-Rutten ◽  
Silvia Bel-Serrat ◽  
Esmée L Doets ◽  
Adrienne EJM Cavelaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Consistent Manner

AbstractObjectiveTo review evidence on the associations between vitamin B12intake and its biomarkers, vitamin B12intake and its functional health outcomes, and vitamin B12biomarkers and functional health outcomes.DesignA systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases, until January 2012, using a standardized strategy developed in the EURRECA network. Relevant articles were screened and sorted based on title and abstract, then based on full text, and finally included if they met inclusion criteria. A total of sixteen articles were included in the review.SettingArticles covered four continents: America (n4), Europe (n8), Africa (n1) and Asia (n3).SubjectsPopulation groups included healthy infants, children and adolescents, and pregnant and lactating women.ResultsFrom the total number of 5815 papers retrieved from the initial search, only sixteen were eligible according to the inclusion criteria: five for infants, five for children and adolescents, and six for pregnant and lactating women.ConclusionsOnly one main conclusion could be extracted from this scarce number of references: a positive association between vitamin B12intake and serum vitamin B12in the infant group. Other associations were not reported in the eligible papers or the results were not provided in a consistent manner. The low number of papers that could be included in our systematic review is probably due to the attention that is currently given to research on vitamin B12in elderly people. Our observations in the current systematic review justify the idea of performing well-designed studies on vitamin B12in young populations.

scholarly journals Chronic Arsenic Toxicity: Statistical Study of the Relationships Between Urinary Arsenic, Selenium and Antimony

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Analía Boemo ◽  
Irene María Lomniczi ◽  
Elsa Mónica Farfán Torres
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The groundwater of Argentina's Chaco plain presents arsenic levels above those suitable for human consumption. Studies suggest skin disorders among local populations caused by arsenic intake. The relationship between urinary arsenic and arsenic in drinking water is well known, but urinary arsenic alone is not enough for risk assessment due to modulating factors such as the intake of selenium and antimony. Objectives. Determining the relationship between urinary arsenic, selenium and antimony could contribute to the study of arsenic metabolization in humans. Methods. Arsenic, selenium and antimony, relative to urinary creatinine, was quantified in urine samples to assess exposure to arsenic and its toxicity modulators. Results. Arsenic levels were higher than reference value in 89% of exposed group. Selenium concentrations were higher in 84%. Levels of antimony were also surprisingly high, not compatible with dietary intake. Urinary arsenic and selenium data showed highly significant correlations with age. Adult females presented higher urinary arsenic values than adult males. Conclusions. Values related to urinary creatinine were much higher than values considered normal. Concentrations of arsenic and selenium diminished with age for children and increased for adults. Women showed higher concentrations than men. Positive correlation was found between arsenic and selenium. No correlation was seen between urinary antimony, arsenic nor selenium.

scholarly journals Revised D-A-CH reference values for the intake of biotin

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jungert ◽  
Sabine Ellinger ◽  
Bernhard Watzl ◽  
Margrit Richter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Update Process

Abstract Purpose The reference values for biotin intake for Germany, Austria and Switzerland lead back to a report in 2000. Following a timely update process, they were revised in 2020. Methods For infants aged 0 to < 4 months, adequate biotin supply via human milk was assumed and in consequence the reference value reflects the amount of biotin delivered by human milk. For infants aged 4 to < 12 months, biotin intake was extrapolated from the reference value for younger infants. Due to missing data on average requirement, the reference values for biotin intake for children, adolescents and adults were derived based on observed intake levels. The reference value for lactating women considered in addition biotin losses via human milk. Results The reference value for biotin intake for infants aged 0 to < 4 months was set at 4 µg/day and for infants aged 4 to < 12 months at 6 µg/day. In children and adolescents, the reference values for biotin intake ranged from 20 µg/day in children 1 to < 4 years to 40 µg/day in youths 15 to < 19 years. For adults including pregnant women, 40 µg/day was derived as reference value for biotin intake. For lactating women, this value was set at 45 µg/day. Conclusions As deficiency symptoms of biotin do not occur with a usual mixed diet and the average requirement cannot be determined, reference values for an adequate biotin intake for populations from Germany, Austria and Switzerland were derived from biotin intake levels assessed in population-based nutrition surveys.

scholarly journals New Reference Values for Vitamin C Intake

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Nutrition Society (DGE)
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Calculated Average

The German, Austrian, and Swiss nutrition societies are the editors of the ‘reference values for nutrient intake'. They have revised the reference values for the intake of vitamin C and published them in February 2015. The average vitamin C requirement in healthy adults is considered to be the vitamin C amount that compensates for the metabolic losses of vitamin C, and ensures a fasting ascorbate plasma level of 50 µmol/l. Based on the present data from studies with non-smoking men, metabolic losses of 50 mg/day are assumed, as well as an absorption rate of 80% and an urinary excretion of 25% of the vitamin C intake. Taking this into account, the calculated average requirement in men is 91 mg/day. Considering a coefficient of variation of 10%, a reference value (recommended intake) of 110 mg/day for men is derived. The vitamin C requirement in women as well as in children and adolescents is extrapolated from the requirement in men and in relation to their body weight. This results in a recommended intake of about 95 mg/day for adult women. Because the requirement in pregnant and lactating women is increased, higher recommended intakes are derived for them, 105 mg/day for pregnant women from the fourth month on and 125 mg/day for lactating women, respectively. For boys and girls at the age of 1 to under 15 years, there are increasing recommended intake values from 20 to 85 mg/day. For male and female adolescents, at the age of 15 to under 19 years, the recommended intake is 105 and 90 mg, respectively. As smokers have higher metabolic losses and lower plasma levels of vitamin C than non-smokers (turnover is 40% higher), the reference value for vitamin C intake is set to 135 mg/day for female smokers and 155 mg/day for male smokers. For infants in their first year of life, the reference value (estimated value) is set to 20 mg vitamin C/ day, based upon the lowest observed vitamin C intake for infants in the United Kingdom and the United States, that obviously meets the requirement in infants and that is 3 times higher than the amount necessary to prevent scurvy (7 mg/day).

scholarly journals Obesity in Arabic-Speaking Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Badran ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions throughout the globe, and this has also impacted people of the Arabic-speaking countries, especially those in higher-income, oil-producing countries. The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents ranges from 5% to 14% in males and from 3% to 18% in females. There is a significant increase in the incidence of obesity with a prevalence of 2%–55% in adult females and 1%–30% in adult males. Changes in food consumption, socioeconomic and demographic factors, physical activity, and multiple pregnancies may be important factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of obesity engulfing the Arabic-speaking countries.

Trends in early prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities and congenital malformations in Russia in 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
Е.А. Калашникова ◽  
Е.Н. Андреева ◽  
П.А. Голошубов ◽  
Н.О. Одегова ◽  
Е.В. Юдина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Screening ◽  
Trimester Screening ◽  
Overall Effectiveness ◽  
Regions Of Russia

В ходе анализа результатов раннего пренатального скрининга (РПС) в России за 2018 г. (Аудит-2019) дана оценка качества мероприятий, общей эффективности и тенденций развития системы РПС в субъектах РФ посредством сравнения рассчитанных основных организационных, методологических и интегральных показателей с международными референтными значениями. In the course of analyzing the results of early prenatal combined first-trimester screening (FTS) in Russia for 2018 (Audit-2019) the assessment of the quality of measures, the overall effectiveness and trends in the development of the FTS system in the regions of Russia. They are presented by comparing the calculated main organizational, methodological and integral indicators with international reference values.

Tryptophan and Methionine Metabolism of Adult Females as Affected by Vitamin B-6 Deficiency

1974 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heaja Kim Shin ◽  
Hellen M. Linkswiler
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Adult Females

scholarly journals From evidence to practice: development of web-based Dutch lipid reference values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Nurmohamed ◽  
D. Collard ◽  
J. W. Balder ◽  
J. A. Kuivenhoven ◽  
E. S. G. Stroes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Cascading Style Sheets ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction In the Netherlands, the total number of yearly measured lipid profiles exceeds 500,000. While lipid values are strongly affected by age and sex, until recently, no up-to-date age- and sex-specific lipid reference values were available. We describe the translation of big-cohort lipid data into accessible reference values, which can be easily incorporated in daily clinical practice. Methods Lipid values (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) from all healthy adults and children in the LifeLines cohort were used to generate age- and sex-specific percentiles. A combination of RStudio, Cascading Style Sheets and HyperText Markup Language was used to interactively display the percentiles in a responsive web layout. Results After exclusion of subjects reporting cardiovascular disease or lipid-lowering therapy at baseline, 141,611 subjects were included. On the website, input fields were created for age, sex and all main plasma lipids. Upon input of these values, corresponding percentiles are calculated, and output is displayed in a table and an interactive graph for each lipid. The website has been made available in both Dutch and English and can be accessed at www.lipidtools.com. Conclusion We constructed the first searchable, national lipid reference value tool with graphical display in the Netherlands to use in screening for dyslipidaemias and to reduce the underuse of lipid-lowering therapy in Dutch primary prevention. This study illustrates that data collected in big-cohort studies can be made easily accessible with modern digital techniques and preludes the digital health revolution yet to come.

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