scholarly journals Obesity in Arabic-Speaking Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Badran ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions throughout the globe, and this has also impacted people of the Arabic-speaking countries, especially those in higher-income, oil-producing countries. The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents ranges from 5% to 14% in males and from 3% to 18% in females. There is a significant increase in the incidence of obesity with a prevalence of 2%–55% in adult females and 1%–30% in adult males. Changes in food consumption, socioeconomic and demographic factors, physical activity, and multiple pregnancies may be important factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of obesity engulfing the Arabic-speaking countries.

scholarly journals Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B6

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jungert ◽  
Jakob Linseisen ◽  
Karl-Heinz Wagner ◽  
Margrit Richter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Allometric Exponent ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Adult Females

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The Nutrition Societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland as the joint editors of the “D-A-CH reference values for nutrient intake” have revised the reference values for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> in summer 2019. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> For women, the average requirement (AR) for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake was derived on the basis of balance studies using a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) plasma concentration of ≥30 nmol/L as a biomarker of an adequate vitamin B<sub>6</sub> status. The recommended intake (RI) was derived considering a coefficient of variation of 10%. The RIs of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> for men, children, and adolescents were extrapolated from the vitamin B<sub>6</sub> requirement for women considering differences in body weight, an allometric exponent, growth factors as appropriate, and a coefficient of variation. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, an estimated value was set based on the vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake via breast feeding. The reference value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was extrapolated from the estimated value for infants under 4 months of age and the average vitamin B<sub>6</sub> requirement for adults. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the foetus and the loss via breast milk. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> According to the combined analysis of 5 balance studies, the AR for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> to ensure a plasma PLP concentration of ≥30 nmol/L is 1.2 mg/day for adult females and the extrapolated AR for adult males is 1.3 mg/day. The corresponding RIs of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> are 1.4 mg/day for adult females and 1.6 mg/day for adult males, independent of age. For infants, the estimated value is 0.1 mg/day and 0.3 mg/day, depending on age. The AR of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> for children and adolescents ranges between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/day, and the RI is between 0.6 mg/day and 1.6 mg/day. During pregnancy, the AR is 1.3 mg/day in the first trimester and 1.5 mg/day in the second and third trimesters; the RI is 1.5 mg/day in the first trimester and 1.8 mg/day in the second and third trimesters. For lactating women, the AR is 1.3 mg/day and the RI is 1.6 mg/day.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors for Spousal Resemblance in Obesity Status and Habitual Physical Activity in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Jen Chen ◽  
Yinghui Liu ◽  
Youfa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
The United States ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Studies suggested that the married population has an increased risk of obesity and assimilation between spouses’ body weight. We examined what factors may affect married spouses’ resemblance in weight status and habitual physical activity (HPA) and the association of obesity/HPA with spouses’ sociodemoeconomic characteristics and lifestyles. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data of 11,403 adult married couples in the US during years 2006–2008 were used. Absolute-scale difference and relative-scale resemblance indices (correlation and kappa coefficients) in body mass index (BMI) and HPA were estimated by couples’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. We found that spousal difference in BMI was smaller for couples with a lower household income, for who were both unemployed, and for older spouses. Correlation coefficient between spouses’ BMI was 0.24, differing by race/ethnicity and family size. Kappa coefficient for weight status (obesity: BMI ≥ 30, overweight: 30 > BMI ≥ 25) was 0.11 and 0.35 for HPA. Never-working women’s husbands had lower odds of obesity than employed women’s husbands (OR = 0.69 (95% CI = 0.53–0.89)). Men’s unemployment status was associated with wives’ greater odds of obesity (OR = 1.31 (95% CI = 1.01–1.71)). HPA was associated with men’s employment status and income level, but not with women’s. The population representative survey showed that spousal resemblance in weight status and HPA varied with socioeconomic and demographic factors.

MODELLING THE VICIOUS CIRCLE BETWEEN OBESITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS USING A BIVARIATE PROBIT MODEL WITH ENDOGENOUS REGRESSORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-Y. YEH ◽  
L-J. CHEN ◽  
P-W KU ◽  
C-M. CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Bivariate Probit ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Obesity In Children

SummaryThe increasing prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has become one of the most important public health issues around the world. Lack of physical activity is a risk factor for obesity, while being obese could reduce the likelihood of participating in physical activity. Failing to account for the endogeneity between obesity and physical activity would result in biased estimation. This study investigates the relationship between overweight and physical activity by taking endogeneity into consideration. It develops an endogenous bivariate probit model estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The data included 4008 boys and 4197 girls in the 5th–9th grades in Taiwan in 2007–2008. The relationship between overweight and physical activity is significantly negative in the endogenous model, but insignificant in the comparative exogenous model. This endogenous relationship presents a vicious circle in which lower levels of physical activity lead to overweight, while those who are already overweight engage in less physical activity. The results not only reveal the importance of endogenous treatment, but also demonstrate the robust negative relationship between these two factors. An emphasis should be put on overweight and obese children and adolescents in order to break the vicious circle. Promotion of physical activity by appropriate counselling programmes and peer support could be effective in reducing the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents.

The role of socio-economic factors in food consumption of Portuguese children and adolescents: results from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
Sofia Vilela ◽  
Iasmina Muresan ◽  
Daniela Correia ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Carla Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
White Meat ◽  
Food Nutrition ◽  
Salty Snack ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the association between socio-economic factors and the food consumption of a young population. Participants were from the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016) aged from 3 to 17 years (n 1153). Food consumption was assessed using two non-consecutive days of food diaries in children and two 24-h recalls for adolescents. A latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify children’s socio-economic status (socio-economic composite classification (SCC)), categorised in low, middle or high. The associations between socio-economic variables and food consumption were evaluated through linear or logistic regression models, weighted for the Portuguese population distribution. A positive association was found between belonging to a higher level of SCC and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV), by children (β = 2·4, 95 % CI 1·1, 3·8) and by adolescents (β = 52·4, 95 % CI 9·6, 95·3). A higher SCC, but particularly higher maternal education, was positively associated with consumption of ‘white meat, fish and eggs’. Both higher SCC and parental education were positively associated with salty snack consumption in the adolescents’ group. In conclusion, children and adolescents with higher educated parents and belonging to a high socio-economic level have a higher daily intake of FV and white meat, fish and eggs. Socio-economic factors play an important role in justifying differences in the food consumption of children and adolescents and must be considered in future interventions. The relationship between higher socio-economic position and salty snack consumption in adolescents needs to be further explored in other populations.

scholarly journals A Study on the Frequency of Food Consumption and its Relationship to BMI in School Children and Adolescents in Abha City, KSA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedavalli Sachithananthan ◽  
Nanees Gad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Obesity

This study aimed at finding a relationship between frequency of food consumption and Body mass index (BMI). In this study, 200 school going adolescent girls, 12 – 19 years were selected randomly from two schools which were randomly sampled out of 30 schools in Abha province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Their height, weight and waist circumference were measured. Physical activity, family history of obesity or underweight (thinness Grade 1) and dietary profiles including frequency of food consumption were collected by an interview process. Pearson’s Chi square was computed between BMI and frequency of food consumption. Statistical analysis revealed that frequency of food consumption and physical activity did not relate to BMI. However family history of obesity or underweight (p<0.05) significantly related with BMI. Also none of the study subjects had central obesity based on waist circumference. However 4.5 % of the subjects were obese based on BMI. Dietary counseling to overweight and underweight subjects regarding the importance of physical activity in maintaining normal BMI is the need of the hour and is recommended for the school going children and adolescents. In addition to this, consuming a balanced diet would help preventing chronic diseases in the long run.

scholarly journals Changes in Physical Activity Compared to the Situation before the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Yoonmi Lee ◽  
Seunghui Baek ◽  
Jieun Shin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of this study is to examine changes in physical activity in Korean society, after the outbreak of COVID-19. Method This study was conducted using the Korean Community Health Survey conducted in 2019 and 2020. Subjects that have been diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes were excluded; a total of 355,914 cases were involved for analysis. In terms of the analysis method, General Linear Model (GLM) was conducted to examine the changes in physical activities in 2019 and 2020 depending on the presence of a spouse, educational status, and economic activities. In addition, the GLM was adopted to divide the subjects by gender and age, and analyze their physical activity changes in 2019 and 2020 with spouse presence, educational status, and economic activities as adjusted variables. Result In terms of Koreans, those without a spouse, high educational attainment, and economically inactive were less engaged in physical activities. Differences were found in subjects regarding moderate-intensity physical activities after social distancing following the spread of COVID-19. Senior females without a spouse, both males and females with low educational attainment, economically inactive adult females, and economically active senior males showed a greater drop in physical activities. For walking hours, both adult males and females without a spouse, adult females with all educational attainment level excluding elementary and middle school graduates, and economically inactive adult males and females also showed a downward trend. Conclusion The study recommends that people develop a strategy to increase their post-outbreak physical activity, taking into account the sociodemographic.

scholarly journals A SHORT REVIEW OF VALIDATED QUESTIONNAIRES FOR EVALUATING LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN-COSMIN STRAVA ◽  
MIHAELA ORAVIȚAN ◽  
DAN MONEA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Childhood And Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Very High

Childhood and adolescent obesity becomes a worldwide health problem, as for the past years the prevalence of obesity amongst youngsters has reached very high levels. The increased levels of obesity at younger age rises concern at a global basis, therefore the prevalence of childhood obesity sets enormous pressure on healthcare system. Obesity is a complex trait influenced not only by genetic factors, but also by other such as: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet or overeating as well as weight status misperception. Some of the measures needed to overcome these factors is that the intervention programs used to prevent or combat obesity, must include assessment and correction of these factors, as well as monitoring their evolution over time. Questionnaires are efficient instruments that can be used for the evaluation of such parameters. This study aims to revise the scientific literature, from the last five years, to identify and centralize the most reliable and valid questionnaires created and used for the assessment of physical activity in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Geographic clusters of objectively measured physical activity and the characteristics of their built environment in a Swiss urban area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R Vallarta-Robledo ◽  
Stephane Joost ◽  
Marco Andre Vieira Ruas ◽  
Cedric Gubelmann ◽  
Peter Vollenweider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Evidence suggests that the built environment can influence the intensity of physical activity. However, despite the importance of the geographic context, most of the studies do not consider the spatial framework of this association. We aimed to assess individual spatial dependence of objectively measured moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and describe the characteristics of the built environment among spatial clusters of MVPA. Cross-sectional data from the second follow-up (2014-2017) of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a longitudinal population-based study of the Lausanne area (Switzerland), was used to objectively measure MVPA. Local Morans I was used to assess the spatial dependence of MVPA and detect geographic clusters of low and high MVPA. Additionally, the characteristics of the built environment observed in the clusters based on raw MVPA and MVPA adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic factors were described. Data from 1,889 participants (median age 63, 55% women) were used. The geographic distribution of MVPA and the characteristics of the built environment among clusters were similar for raw and adjusted MVPA. In the adjusted model, we found a low concentration of individuals within spatial clusters of high MVPA (median: 36.9 mins) and low MVPA (median: 10.1 mins). Yet, clear differences were found between clusters; high MVPA clusters were in areas where specific compositions of the built environment favor physical activity. The built environment may influence spatial patterns of MVPA independently of socioeconomic and demographic factors. Interventions in the built environment should be considered to promote physically active behaviors in urban areas.

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