scholarly journals How to Intervene in the Caries Process in Children: A Joint ORCA and EFCD Expert Delphi Consensus Statement

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Splieth ◽  
Avijit Banerjee ◽  
Peter Bottenberg ◽  
Lorenzo Breschi ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Caries Management ◽  
The Individual

This paper provides recommendations for dentists for the treatment of dental caries in children, with an emphasis on early childhood caries (ECC), primary teeth, and occlusal surfaces in permanent teeth. A consensus workshop followed by an e-Delphi consensus process was conducted with an expert panel nominated by the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) and European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD)/German Association of Conservative Dentistry (DGZ) boards. Based on 3 systematic reviews and a nonsystematic literature search, recommendations were developed. The caries decline has led to a more polarized disease distribution in children and adolescents along social gradients which should be taken into account when managing the caries process at all levels, such as the individual, the group, or a population. The control or reduction of caries activity is the basis for successful caries management. In children, caries management requires adequate daily oral hygiene and fluoride application via toothpaste, ensured by caregivers, and especially for ECC prevention an emphasis on sugar intake reduction is needed. These noninvasive interventions are also suitable to arrest or control initial or even cavitated dentine caries lesions in the absence of irreversible pulpitis. Fluoride varnish or silver diammine fluoride can be added as supplementary agents. In pits and fissures, composite resin materials can be used as preventive sealants and for defect-oriented minimally invasive restorations. In primary molars, preformed metal crowns are more successful than multisurface fillings, especially in caries-active patients. With persisting high caries activity, multiple lesions, and limited cooperation, caries control should consist of robust measures with high success rates, even including extraction in selected cases. This applies especially to treatments performed under general anesthesia.

Odontoscopic and morphometric assessment of occlusion circuits of permanent teeth in patients with physiological occlusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
В. N. Davydov ◽  
Т. S. Kochkonyan ◽  
D. A. Domenyuk ◽  
S. V. Dmitrienko ◽  
Ghamdan Al-Harazi
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Morphometric Assessment

A dentist needs special knowledge in odontology and odontoglyphics, which allows visualizing the space and relief of the tooth surface, as well as conducting an in-depth analysis of the individual morphometric characteristics of the tooth. Expansion of knowledge about the variability of the occlusal relief will allow achieving balanced occlusal-articulation relationships of the dentition and preserving the physiological state of the dentition. The article presents the results of odontoscopic and morphometric studies of vertical, transverse parameters of the upper large molars in patients with various physiological types of occlusion. The subject of the study was the segments of the upper molars obtained from plaster models of the jaws of 92 people with physiological occlusion, a full set of permanent teeth and various types of dental system (patients in group 1 – normodontism, patients in group 2 – macrodontism, patients in group 3 – microdontism). For morphometry in the transverse direction, the vestibular-lingual size of the crown and neck of the tooth, as well as the intertubercular distance, were used. To measure the vertical parameters, the height of the mesial (protocone, paracone) and distal (metacone, hypocone) odontomeres and tubercle of the occlusal surface was determined. The results of the study showed that in people with physiological occlusion and macrodontism of permanent teeth, vertical, transverse parameters exceed those of people with normodont and microdont types of the dental system. It is advisable to use the obtained odontometric features at the stages of diagnosing occlusal relationships and identifying various forms of pathological, physiological abrasion with varying degrees of loss of occlusal surfaces.

scholarly journals The Role of Hydraulic Silicate Cements on Long-Term Properties and Biocompatibility of Partial Pulpotomy in Permanent Teeth

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Chung-Min Kang ◽  
Saemi Seong ◽  
Je Seon Song ◽  
Yooseok Shin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Variables

The use of hydraulic silicate cements (HSCs) for vital pulp therapy has been found to release calcium and hydroxyl ions promoting pulp tissue healing and mineralized tissue formation. The present study investigated whether HSCs such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) affect their biological and antimicrobial properties when used as long-term pulp protection materials. The effect of variables on treatment outcomes of three HSCs (ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA, and RetroMTA) was evaluated clinically and radiographically over a 48–78 month follow-up period. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Fisher’s exact test and Cox regression analysis were used to determine hazard ratios of clinical variables. The overall success rate of MTA partial pulpotomy was 89.3%; Cumulative success rates of the three HSCs were not statistically different when analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. None of the investigated clinical variables affected success rates significantly. These HSCs showed favorable biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties in partial pulpotomy of permanent teeth in long-term follow-up, with no statistical differences between clinical factors.

scholarly journals Monotherapy with meropenem versus combination therapy with ceftazidime plus amikacin as empiric therapy for fever in granulocytopenic patients with cancer. The International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto Infection Program.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cometta ◽  
T Calandra ◽  
H Gaya ◽  
S H Zinner ◽  
R de Bock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Monotherapy Group ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteremia

Combinations of beta-lactams plus aminoglycosides have been standard therapy for suspected infections in granulocytopenic cancer patients, especially those with profound long-lasting granulocytopenia. With the advent of new broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotics such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins or carbapenems, the need to combine beta-lactams with aminoglycosides became more controversial. The objective of this prospective randomized multicenter study was to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of meropenem monotherapy with those of the combination of ceftazidime plus amikacin for the empirical treatment of fever in granulocytopenic cancer patients. Of 1,034 randomized patients, 958 were assessable in the intent-to-treat analysis for response to antibacterial therapy, including 483 in the meropenem group and 475 in the ceftazidime-plus-amikacin group. The median durations of neutropenia were 16 and 17 days, respectively. A successful outcome was reported in 270 of 483 (56%) patients treated with monotherapy compared with 245 of 475 (52%) patients treated with the combination group (P = 0.20). The success rates in the monotherapy group and the combination group were similar by type of infection (single gram-negative bacteremia, single gram-positive bacteremia, clinically documented infection, and possible infection). The occurrence of further infections assessed in patients for whom the allocated regimen was not modified did not differ between the two groups (12% in both groups). Mortality due to the presenting infection or further infection was relatively low (8 patients treated with the monotherapy compared with 13 patients treated with the combination). A total of 1,027 patients were evaluable for adverse events; the proportion of those who developed adverse effects was similar between the two groups (29% in both groups), and only 19 (4%) patients in the monotherapy group and 31 (6%) in the combination group experienced an adverse event related or probably related to the study drug. Allergic reactions were the only reason for stopping the protocol antibiotic(s) (3 and 5 patients, respectively). This study confirms that monotherapy with meropenem is as effective as the combination of ceftazidime plus amikacin for the empiric treatment of fever in persistently granulocytopenic cancer patients, and both regimens were well tolerated.

scholarly journals INDICATORS OF CARIES OF PERMANENT TEETH TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DEGREE OF ITS ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS STUDYING IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
L.F. Kaskova ◽  
V.M. Batig ◽  
I.I. Drozda ◽  
Y.Kh. Kilmukhametova
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Dental Diseases

In recent years, there has been noted a tendency to deterioration of dental health in children and teenagers. Therefore, it is important to study the dental status of children who attend different educational establishments to identify risk factors for dental diseases and develop means of their elimination. The survey of adolescents studying in various educational institutions (school, college, university) in Chernivtsi was conducted according to the generally accepted method. The study of the prevalence (%) and intensity of caries (CPV of teeth) was taking into account the degree of caries activity in each age period: compensated (1st), subcompensated (2nd), decompensated (3rd). A total of 107 schoolchildren, 317 college students, and 116 university students were surveyed. Adolescents are 15 to 18 years old. To conduct the study, the average rates of caries in each age group were calculated to determine the degree of caries activity in each age period, taking into account the area where adolescents live. The following indicators were obtained for the Chernivtsi region: – 15 years: compensated form – up to 4 caries-affected teeth, subcompensated – 5-7, decompensated – 8 or over; – 16 years: compensated – up to 5, subcompensated – 6-8, decompensated – 9 or over; – 17 years: compensated – up to 7, subcompensated – 8-10, decompensated – 11 or over; – 18 years: compensated – up to 8, subcompensated – 9-11, decompensated 12, or over. Our research showed that college students in all studied age periods (15, 16, 17, and 18 years) had worse results than teenagers in the comparison groups (schoolchildren of 15-16 years, university students of 17-18 years). About 62% of all examined teenagers had the first degree of caries activity, 19.5% had the 2nd, and 18.5% had the 3rd degree of caries. Teenagers enrolled in college were divided according to the degree of caries activity: in the 1st degree – 36.3%, 2nd – 32.2%, 3rd – 31.5%, at school: 1st degree – 100%, at university: 1st degree – 97.4%, 2nd – 2.6%. At the age of 18, the number of college students who have a decompensated degree of caries activity increases to 36.6% due to a decrease in the number in the group with a subcompensated degree. University students in 100% of cases had a compensated degree of caries activity. Caries intensity rates in each age group are lower in schoolchildren than in college students and are the lowest in university students. In teenagers with the first degree of caries activity, the highest rate of caries intensity was observed in college (15-18 year adolescents), and the lowest – at school (15-16 years). University students, despite being 17-18 years old, had lower rates than college teens. All students had the first degree of caries activity. When comparing the rate of caries intensity in the studied 15 year-olds with the compensated degree of caries activity, it was found that in schoolchildren it is 1.7 times lower than in college students, in 16 year-olds – 1.5 times. At the age of 17 and 18 – 1.7 times, compared to university students. Thus, our research showed that college students of all studied age groups had worse indices than teenagers in the comparison groups. They have a more severe course of caries. The results suggest that further studies into the causes of caries in college students need to be conducted.

Comparison of radiological dental age estimation by means of the method by Cameriere and the modified European formula

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Różyło ◽  
Katarzyna Gruszka ◽  
Ingrid Różyło-Kalinowska
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Dental Age Estimation ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiological Methods

Introduction. Dental age apart from skeletal age is an important factor in the estimation of biological age of patients. Its evaluation is crucial in making decisions concerning diagnostic algorithms and treatment options in such fields of medicine as paedodontics, conservative dentistry, orthodontics, paediatrics or endocrinology as well as for forensic purposes. There are various methods of radiological dental age estimation and their validity is related to the studied population. Aim. The aim of the paper is to estimate dental age by means of two radiological methods based on panoramic radiographs, i.e. the original method by Cameriere and the modified European formula. Material and methods. The material consisted of 2148 digital radiographs taken in patients of both genders, aged from 5 to 15 years, with visible germs of all permanent teeth, apart from third molars. Two methods by Cameriere were applied – the original one and the European formula. Statistical analysis was performed. Results. Dental age obtained by means of the two Cameriere’s methods was significantly different from chronological age (Wilcoxon’s test, p < 0.001). However, in the case of the original method the mean dental age was lower than the chronological one, while the European formula led to the overestimation of dental age. Conclusions. The European formula is more suitable for the evaluation of the Polish population than the original method by Cameriere.

scholarly journals Pediatric Glaucoma: A Literature’s Review and Analysis of Surgical Results

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Scuderi ◽  
Daniela Iacovello ◽  
Federica Pranno ◽  
Pasquale Plateroti ◽  
Luca Scuderi
Keyword(s):  
Success Rates ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pediatric Glaucoma ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Aphakic Eyes ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this paper is to review the surgical options available for the management of pediatric glaucoma, to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages together with their long-term efficacy, all with the intent to give guidelines to physicians on which elements are to be considered when taking a surgical decision. Currently there is a range of surgical procedures that are being used for the management of pediatric glaucoma. Within these, some are completely new approaches, while others are improvements of the more traditional procedures. Throughout this vast range of surgical options, angle surgery remains the first choice in mild cases and both goniotomy and trabeculotomy have good success rates. Trabeculectomy with or without mitomycin C (MMC) is preferred in refractory cases, in aphakic eyes, and in older children. GDIs have a good success rate in aphakic eyes. Nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy is still rarely used; nevertheless the results of ongoing studies are encouraging. The different clinical situations should always be weighed against the risks associated with the procedures for the individual patients. Glaucomatous progression can occur many years after its stabilization and at any time during the follow-up period; for this reason life-long assessment is necessary.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes after uncomplicated and complicated crown fractures in permanent teeth

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Ricarda Bissinger ◽  
Daniel David Müller ◽  
Marcel Reymus ◽  
Yegane Khazaei ◽  
Reinhard Hickel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Retrospective Clinical Study ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this retrospective clinical study were to describe characteristics of crown fractures in permanent teeth and to investigate the survival of pulp vitality and restorations in uncomplicated and complicated crown fractures. Materials and methods This retrospective study collected information from patients suffering from dental trauma who were treated between January 2004 and June 2017. The study population consisted of 434 patients (253 males/181 females; mean age 20.7 years) with 489 uncomplicated and 127 complicated crown fractures. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to explore the data statistically. Results The mean observation time was 522 days. Uncomplicated crown fractures without luxation showed a higher success rate of 82.3% (345/419) than complicated crown fractures without luxation (72.3%, 73/101). An additional luxation in uncomplicated crown fractures resulted in significantly reduced success rates in terms of survival of the pulp and restoration. Direct restorations survived significantly better independent of the fracture mode than did adhesively reattached crown fragments. No superiority of mineral trioxide aggregate or calcium hydroxide as pulp capping agent in complicated crown fractures was documented. Approximately 85.5% of all complications occurred within 2 years after the accident. Conclusion The treatment of crown fractures resulted mostly in successful outcomes and only a moderate number of complications were observed. Clinical relevance Primary dental management of crown fractures should follow recently published clinical guidelines, and close monitoring over at least 2 years seems to be justified.

scholarly journals Individual Predictors of the Radical Right-Wing Vote in Europe: A Meta-Analysis of Articles in Peer-Reviewed Journals (1995–2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stockemer ◽  
Tobias Lentz ◽  
Danielle Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Individual Vote ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual

In this article, we summarize the individual demand-level factors explaining the radical right-wing vote in European countries. To do so, we first review 46 quantitative peer-reviewed articles featuring the individual vote choice in favour of a radical right-wing party as the dependent variable. To identify relevant articles, we use Kai Arzheimer’s bibliography on the radical right and employ the following inclusion criterion: the articles must be written in English, they must use the individual vote for a radical right-wing party as the dependent variable, they must use a quantitative methodology and they must include some type of regression analysis. Using this strategy, we conduct a meta-analysis of 329 relevant models and find that over 20 individual variables are tested. Because many variables such as attitudes towards immigration, employment, age, education and gender only show moderate success rates in attempting to explain an individual’s propensity to vote for the radical right, we complement the review of quantitative studies with an analysis of 14 qualitative publications. The review of these qualitative works shows that the processes through which somebody becomes a voter, supporter or activist of the radical right are often more complex than the commonly used surveys can portray them. Frequently, feelings of relative economic deprivation and dissatisfaction with the political regime trigger an awakening that makes individuals seek engagement. However, the processes behind this awakening are complex and can only be partially captured by quantitative studies.

scholarly journals How to Intervene in the Caries Process in Older Adults: A Joint ORCA and EFCD Expert Delphi Consensus Statement

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Sebastian Paris ◽  
Avijit Banerjee ◽  
Peter Bottenberg ◽  
Lorenzo Breschi ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Caries Lesions

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> To provide recommendations for dental clinicians for the management of dental caries in older adults with special emphasis on root caries lesions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A consensus workshop followed by a Delphi consensus process were conducted with an expert panel nominated by ORCA, EFCD, and DGZ boards. Based on a systematic review of the literature, as well as non-systematic literature search, recommendations for clinicians were developed and consented in a two-stage Delphi process. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Demographic and epidemiologic changes will significantly increase the need of management of older adults and root caries in the future. Ageing is associated with a decline of intrinsic capacities and an increased risk of general diseases. As oral and systemic health are linked, bidirectional consequences of diseases and interventions need to be considered. Caries prevention and treatment in older adults must respond to the patient’s individual abilities for self-care and cooperation and often involves the support of caregivers. Systemic interventions may involve dietary counselling, oral hygiene instruction, the use of fluoridated toothpastes, and the stimulation of salivary flow. Local interventions to manage root lesions may comprise local biofilm control, application of highly fluoridated toothpastes or varnishes as well as antimicrobial agents. Restorative treatment is often compromised by the accessibility of such root caries lesions as well as the ability of the senior patient to cooperate. If optimum restorative treatment is impossible or inappropriate, long-term stabilization, e.g., by using glass-ionomer cements, and palliative treatments that aim to maintain oral function as long and as well as possible may be the treatment of choice for the individual.

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