Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of General Paresis and Non-Neurosyphilis Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Li Tong ◽  
Yu-Yan Chen ◽  
Xiao-Zhen Zhu ◽  
Kun Gao ◽  
Hui-Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
General Paresis ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Laboratory Features ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Background: The differential diagnosis of general paresis (GP) and non-neurosyphilis (NS) dementia is not clearly defined. The present study examined the differences in clinical and laboratory features of GP and non-NS dementia. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined clinical and laboratory features of 85 GP patients and 196 non-NS dementia patients. Data were collected from Zhongshan Hospital between June 2005 and June 2014. Results: The GP group had a higher percentage of males (83.53%, 71/85) and younger median age ([52 [interquartile range 47.0–61.0] vs. 76 [68.3–82.0] years) than the non-NS dementia group. GP have higher Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; Z = –5.809; p = 0.000) than non-NS dementia. Distribution of CDR scores were significantly higher in the non-NS group than GP group (χ2 = 29.153; p = 0.000). The laboratory findings showed significantly different total cholesterol (CH), low-density lipoprotein CH and homocysteine levels between the 2 groups. Serologic testing for syphilis revealed that the GP group had higher seropositive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) rates than the non-NS dementia group (96.47% [82/85] vs. 0.51% [1/196], Z = –2.663, p = 0.008; 100% [85/85] vs. 1.02% [2/196], Z = –2.663, p = 0.008). Interestingly, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical indices, including pleocytosis rates, increased protein levels, and positive RPR and TPPA rates in the GP group were higher than that in the non-NS dementia group. Conclusions: Based on these preliminary data, patients with clinically evident symptoms of dementia, especially middle-aged males, should undergo blood tests for syphilis. All patients with positive serology results should undergo CSF examinations to diagnose GP dementia before further pharmaceutical and behavioral interventions.

scholarly journals Very low-density lipoprotein receptor increases in a liver-specific manner due to protein deficiency but does not affect fatty liver in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Oshio ◽  
Yuta Hattori ◽  
Hatsuho Kamata ◽  
Yori Ozaki-Masuzawa ◽  
Arisa Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

AbstractVery low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) is a member of the LDL receptor family that is involved in the uptake of VLDL into cells. Increased hepatic VLDLR under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been shown to cause fatty liver. In this study, the effect of dietary protein restriction on hepatic VLDLR and the role of VLDLR in fatty liver were investigated using Vldlr knockout (KO) mice. Growing wild-type (WT) and KO mice were fed a control diet containing 20% ​​protein or a low protein diet containing 3% protein for 11 days. In WT mice, the amount of hepatic Vldlr mRNA and VLDLR protein increased by approximately 8- and 7-fold, respectively, due to protein restriction. Vldlr mRNA and protein levels increased in both type 1 and type 2 VLDLR. However, neither Vldlr mRNA nor protein levels were significantly increased in heart, muscle, and adipose tissue, demonstrating that VLDLR increase due to protein restriction occurred in a liver-specific manner. Increased liver triglyceride levels during protein restriction occurred in KO mice to the same extent as in WT mice, indicating that increased VLDLR during protein restriction was not the main cause of fatty liver, which was different from the case of ER stress.

scholarly journals Short-Term Feeding of Fibre-Enriched Biscuits: Protective Effect against Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochuko L. Erukainure ◽  
Osaretin A. T. Ebuehi ◽  
Folasade O. Adeboyejo ◽  
Olufunmilola O. Oladunmoye ◽  
Muhammad Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

The effects of fibre-enriched biscuit on biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analyzed to determine hepatic function enzymes. The liver was also analyzed to determine hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes. Induction of diabetes led to elevated levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. These were, however, significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the fibre-enriched biscuit fed (treated) group. There was no significant difference in the serum bilirubin and total protein levels of the studied groups. Reduced albumin level was observed in the diabetic group; this was further lowered on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuits. Induction of diabetes led to increased hepatic level of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HDL level. These were significantly (p<0.05) reversed on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuit. This study portrays the protective effect of fibre-enriched biscuit on increased oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Sagunja-Tang Improves Lipid Related Disease in a Postmenopausal Rat Model and HepG2 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroe Go ◽  
Jin Ah Ryuk ◽  
Hye Won Lee ◽  
In Sil Park ◽  
Ki-Jung Kil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Related Disease

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Sagunja-tang on the lipid related disease in a rat model of menopausal hyperlipidemia and lipid accumulation in methyl-β-cyclodextrin-induced HepG2 cells. Inin vivostudy using menopausal hyperlipidemia rats, Sagunja-tang reduced retroperitoneal and perirenal fat, serum lipids, atherogenic index, cardiac risk factor, media thickness, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis score, when compared to menopausal hyperlipidemia control rats. In HepG2 cells, Sagunja-tang significantly decreased the lipid accumulation, total cholesterol levels, and low-density/very-low-density lipoprotein levels. Moreover, Sagunja-tang reversed the methyl-β-cyclodextrin-induced decrease in the protein levels of critical molecule involved in cholesterol synthesis, sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, and low-density lipoprotein receptor and inhibited protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase as well as activity. Phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase was stimulated by Sagunja-tang. These results suggest that Sagunja-tang has effect on inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation through regulation of cholesterol synthesis and AMPK activityin vitro. These observations support the idea that Sagunja-tang is bioavailable bothin vivoandin vitroand could be developed as a preventive and therapeutic agent of hyperlipidemia in postmenopausal females.

scholarly journals Effects of Corn Supplementation into PKC-Urea Treated Rice Straw Basal Diet on Hematological, Biochemical Indices and Serum Mineral Level in Lambs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Osama Anwer Saeed ◽  
Awis Qurni Sazili ◽  
Henny Akit ◽  
Abdul Razak Alimon ◽  
Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Twenty-seven Dorper lambs were used to determine the effect of supplementing corn as a source of energy into the palm kernel cake (PKC) urea-treated rice straw basal diet on the blood metabolic profile and metals in lambs. The lambs were randomly allotted to three experimental treatments according to their initial body weight for a 120 day trial. Dietary treatments were: T1 (control diet) = 75.3% of PKC + 0% corn, T2 = 70.3% of PKC + 5% corn, and T3 = 65.3% of PKC + 10% corn. The results of this study indicated that copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) concentration intake, retention, and its absorption from the gut and apparent mineral digestibility were highly significant for the levels of corn supplementation. The biochemical and hematological parameters remained within normal levels with the treatments, but the white blood cell, eosinophil count, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were significantly higher in T3. Treatment 3 significantly increased the concentration of Se and Fe, while Zn was reduced in the blood serum of lambs on day 120. The result shows that the inclusion of corn has no effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters of lambs after incorporating corn into the PKC-based diet at 5% and 10%.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Tat Regulates Occludin and AβTransfer Receptor Expression in Brain Endothelial Cells via Rho/ROCK Signaling Pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlan Chen ◽  
Wen Huang ◽  
Wenlin Jiang ◽  
Xianghong Wu ◽  
Biao Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV-1 transactivator protein (Tat) has been shown to play an important role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between occludin and amyloid-beta (Aβ) transfer receptors in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) in the context of HIV-1-related pathology. The protein expressions of occludin, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in hCMEC/D3 cells were examined using western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. The mRNA levels of occludin, RAGE, and LRP1 were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. HIV-1 Tat at 1 µg/mL and the Rho inhibitor hydroxyfasudil (HF) at 30 µmol/L, with 24 h exposure, had no significant effect on hCMEC/D3 cell viability. Treatment with HIV-1 Tat protein decreased mRNA and protein levels of occludin and LRP1 and upregulated the expression of RAGE; however, these effects were attenuated by HF. These data suggest that the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway is involved in HIV-1 Tat-mediated changes in occludin, RAGE, and LRP1 in hCMEC/D3 cells. HF may have a beneficial influence by protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and the expression of Aβtransfer receptors.

scholarly journals ChREBP Rather than SHP Regulates Hepatic VLDL Secretion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Niwa ◽  
Katsumi Iizuka ◽  
Takehiro Kato ◽  
Wudeluhu Wu ◽  
Hiromi Tsuchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Vldl Particle ◽  
Vldl Secretion ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Rat Primary Hepatocytes

The regulation of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and fatty liver diseases. VLDL is controlled by hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP). Mttp is regulated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). However, it is unclear whether both coordinately regulate Mttp expression and VLDL secretion. Here, adenoviral overexpression of ChREBP and SHP in rat primary hepatocytes induced and suppressed Mttp mRNA, respectively. However, Mttp induction by ChREBP was much more potent than suppression by SHP. Promoter assays of Mttp and the liver type pyruvate kinase gene revealed that SHP and ChREBP did not affect the transactivity of each other. Mttp mRNA and protein levels of Shp/&ndash; mice were similar to those of wild-type; however, those of Chrebp&ndash;/&ndash;Shp&ndash;/&ndash; and Chrebp&ndash;/&ndash; mice were much lower. Consistent with this, the VLDL particle number and VLDL secretion rates in Shp&ndash;/&ndash;- mice were similar to wild-type, but were much lower in Chrebp&ndash;/&ndash; and Chrebp&ndash;/&ndash;Shp&ndash;/&ndash;- mice. These findings suggested that ChREBP rather than SHP regulates VLDL secretion and that ChREBP and SHP do not affect the transactivities of each other.

scholarly journals High-Fructose Diet-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated With Enhanced Hepatic Expression of ACAT2 in Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ichigo ◽  
A. Takeshita ◽  
M. Hibino ◽  
T. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Hayakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Fructose

High levels of fructose induce hypertriglyceridemia, characterized by excessive levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL); however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this short communication was to examine hepatic changes in the expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism in rats with hypertriglyceridemia induced by high-fructose or high-glucose diets. Rats were fed a 65 % (w/w) glucose diet or a 65 % (w/w) fructose diet for 12 days. Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL+LDL-cholesterol, hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, and ACAT2 expression at the gene and protein levels were significantly higher in the fructose diet group compared to the glucose diet group. The hepatic levels of Abcg5/8 were lower in the fructose group than in the glucose group. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and hepatic expression levels of Hmgcr, Ldlr, Acat1, Mttp, Apob, and Cyp7a1 did not differ significantly between groups. These findings suggest that high-fructose diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased hepatic ACAT2 expression.

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