Children's Eating Behaviors and Energy Intake: Overlapping Influences and Opportunities for Intervention

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán G. Forde ◽  
Anna Fogel ◽  
Keri McCrickerd
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviors

scholarly journals Diet-related Behaviors Are Associated with Energy Intake and Body Weight Loss During a Sustained Military Training Exercise (P16-012-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Fagnant ◽  
Tracey Smith ◽  
Susan McGraw ◽  
Julie Smith ◽  
John Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Military Operations

Abstract Objectives Sustained negative energy balance during military operations contributes to degradations in physical and cognitive performance. Characterizing the diet-related behaviors and nutrition knowledge of Soldiers who self-select higher energy intakes during military operations may identify strategies for promoting energy balance. This study aimed to identify diet-related behaviors of Soldiers who self-selected higher energy intakes during a simulated military operation. Methods Dietary intake and body weight were measured daily in 54 Soldiers (91% male, BMI 25 ± 4 kg/m2, 25 ± 4 yr) participating in a 3-d military exercise. During the exercise, Soldiers were provided with military rations (2787–3003 kcal/d), and in some cases consumed items from home or mobile catering. Food frequency and nutrition knowledge questionnaires were completed before the exercise to assess diet quality by HEI-2010 total score and nutrition knowledge, respectively, and questionnaires assessing eating behaviors during the exercise were completed daily and after the exercise. Associations between diet quality, nutrition knowledge, and diet-related behaviors with 1) daily energy intake (EI) and 2) weight loss (∆BW) were determined by backwards elimination multiple linear regression. Results EI (mean ± SD: 1947 ± 627 kcal/d) and ∆BW (−1.4 ± 1.2%) during the exercise were not correlated. After adjusting for baseline BMI, EI was associated with diet quality (β ± SE: 17 ±9 kcal/d, P = 0.07) and eating frequency (170 ± 86 kcal/d, P = 0.06) and more often intentionally eating foods to improve performance (−389 ± 207 kcal/d, P = 0.07) during the exercise (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.03). In contrast, greater ∆BW was associated only with more often “not allowing myself to eat” certain foods during the exercise (R2 = 0.11; −0.8 ± 0.4%, P = 0.04). Nutrition knowledge was not a significant predictor in either model. Conclusions Findings suggest that self-selected energy intake and body weight loss during military operations may be associated with habitual adherence to healthier dietary patterns and conscious decisions regarding what and how often to eat and/or drink during operations, but not with general nutrition knowledge. Funding Sources U.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Command; US Army Natick Research, Development, & Engineering Center. Disclaimer: Authors’ views do not reflect official DoD policy.

scholarly journals Eating Behaviors and Dietary Intakes of Older Adults: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015–2016 (FS02-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna Moshfegh ◽  
Anne Garceau ◽  
John Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Objectives It is estimated that the number of older individuals in the U.S. will nearly double between 2020 and 2050 to over 80 million. This research examines eating behaviors and dietary intakes of older adults. Methods Nationally representative day 1 dietary data from 1684 adults ages 60+ participating in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES 2015–2016 were analyzed to estimate eating pattern behaviors and dietary intakes. The interviewer-administered 5-step USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) was used to collect the 24-hour dietary recall. The WWEIA Food Categories were used to estimate the percentage who consumed vegetables or fruits. The Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) was used to calculate added sugars intake. Results On any given day, almost all older adults reported eating breakfast (92%) and dinner (94%) and fewer ate lunch (78%); two-thirds reported all three meals. Snacks were consumed by 94%, most commonly 3 to 4 times per day, and provided 20% of daily mean energy intake. In relation to energy, snacks provided more of the daily intakes of caffeine (33%), total sugar (32%), carbohydrates (23%), and calcium (21%). More than 2/3 of older adults consumed a vegetable, 1/3 of which were white potatoes, such as French fried, mashed, or baked potatoes. A fruit was reported by just over half of older adults, the most common being bananas (16%), followed by apples (12%), berries (11%), citrus (9%), melons (8%), and grapes (5%). Four out of ten older adults consumed at least one food or beverage from a restaurant and among these individuals, intake at restaurants provided 42% of their daily energy intake and about half of daily intakes of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Mean daily intakes of added sugars and saturated fat each provided 12% of daily energy intake, exceeding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations of less than 10% of calories per day from each, as did sodium with mean daily intake of 3091 mg, exceeding the recommendation of less than 2300 mg. Conclusions With the number and proportion of older adults increasing in the U.S., understanding their eating behaviors and dietary intakes can inform strategies for well-being during this life stage. Funding Sources USDA, Agricultural Research Service.

Pre-meal inulin consumption does not affect acute energy intake in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults: A randomized controlled crossover pilot trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Smiljanec ◽  
Cassie M Mitchell ◽  
Olivia F Privitera ◽  
Andrew P Neilson ◽  
Kevin P Davy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Three-fourths of adults older than 55 years in the United States are overweight or obese. Prebiotics including inulin-type fructans may benefit with weight management. Aim: We aimed to investigate the acute effects of pre-meal inulin consumption on energy intake (EI) and appetite in older adults. Methods: Sedentary, overweight or obese middle-aged and older adults ( n = 7, 60.9 ± 4.4 years, BMI 32.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2) ingested inulin (10 g) or a water preload before each test period in a randomly assigned order. EI, appetite and gastrointestinal symptoms were monitored during the following 24 h. Results: No differences in EI were noted between conditions (inulin: 14744 ± 5552 kJ, control: 13924 ± 4904 kJ, p > 0.05). Rumbling was increased with inulin consumption ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-meal inulin consumption does not acutely decrease EI or suppress appetite in older adults. Further research should address individual differences among diets, eating behaviors, and microbiota profiles.

Effect of HIIT versus MICT on body composition and energy intake in dietary restrained and unrestrained adolescents with obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Miguet ◽  
Nicole S. Fearnbach ◽  
Lore Metz ◽  
Marwa Khammassi ◽  
Valérie Julian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Unrestrained Eaters ◽  
The Impact

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as an effective alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) that can yield improvements in a variety of health outcomes. Yet, despite the urgent need to find effective strategies for the treatment of pediatric obesity, only a few studies have addressed the impact of HIIT on eating behaviors and body composition in this population. This study aimed to compare the effect of HIIT versus MICT on eating behaviors in adolescents with obesity and to assess if the participants’ baseline dietary status is associated with the success of the intervention. Forty-three adolescents with obesity were randomly assigned to a 16-week MICT or HIIT intervention. Body composition and 24-h ad libitum energy intake were assessed at baseline and at the end of the program. Restrained eating, emotional eating, and external eating were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire at baseline. Both interventions led to significant weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass percentage (FM%) reductions, with better improvements in FM% in the HIIT group; whereas 24-h ad libitum energy intake increased to a similar extent in both groups. HIIT provides better body composition improvements over MICT, despite a similar increase in energy intake. Restrained eaters experienced less weight loss and smaller BMI reduction compared with unrestrained eaters; higher baseline cognitively restrained adolescents showed a greater increase of their ad libitum energy intake. Novelty HIIT favors better body composition improvements compared with MICT. Both MICT and HIIT increased ad libitum energy intake in adolescents with obesity. Weight loss achievement is better among unrestrained eaters.

scholarly journals Snacking Behavior Differs Between Evening and Morning Chronotype Individuals but Chronotype Is Not Associated With Energy Intake and Diet Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 463-463
Author(s):  
Chia-Lunx Yang ◽  
Olivia McKeever ◽  
Robin Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Cravings

Abstract Objectives There is a growing body of literature that links a person's preferred time for activities and sleep cycle, or chronotype, to eating behaviors and the risk of becoming overweight or obese. However, the relationships among chronotype, snacking behavior, diet quality, and food cravings are poorly characterized among US adults. This cross-sectional study examined the associations among chronotype, snacking habits, dietary intake and quality, and food cravings these relationships. Methods One-hundred adults (mean age: 28.4 ± 7.3 y; 63% female) living in the United States completed the study. Based on their score on the HorneÖstberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, an individual was categorized into morning-type (M-type), intermediate-type (I-type), or evening-type (E-type). Snack intake was assessed using a previously published specialized food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was obtained using the Diet History Questionnaire III. The validated General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait measured cravings. General linear regression was used to assess differences in outcomes among chronotypes. Results Over the course of a week, E-type individuals consumed snacks more often than the M-type (E-type: 13.9 ± 4.5, M-type: 11.2 ± 4.6; P = 0.002), but not the I-type (10.1 ± 4.1; P = 0.086). In terms of timing of snacking, E-type individuals consumed more snacks after dinner than the M-type (E-type: 5.3 ± 1.6; M-type: 3.7 ± 2.2; P &lt; 0.001). E-type individuals consumed more energy-dense snacks (E-type: 14.4 ± 4.4; M-type: 11.3 ± 4.7; P = 0.005), especially candies (E-type: 2.0 ± 1.0; M-type: 1.1 ± 0.9, P = 0.005), than the M-type. However, there were no significant differences in healthy snack frequency, food cravings, diet quality, and energy and macronutrient intake among chronotypes (P &gt; 0.05, for all). Conclusions In this relatively young population, E-type individuals consumed snacks more frequently than M-types. However, chronotypes were not associated with an individual's energy intake, diet quality, and food cravings, which suggests that chronotype negligibly influences weight gain risk in this young adult population. Funding Sources USDA NIFA and Michigan AgBioResearch.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Processes Related to Perseveration Are Indirectly Associated With Weight Status in Children Through Laboratory-Assessed Energy Intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bari A. Fuchs ◽  
Nicole J. Roberts ◽  
Shana Adise ◽  
Alaina L. Pearce ◽  
Charles F. Geier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Model

Decision-making contributes to what and how much we consume, and deficits in decision-making have been associated with increased weight status in children. Nevertheless, the relationships between cognitive and affective processes underlying decision-making (i.e., decision-making processes) and laboratory food intake are unclear. We used data from a four-session, within-subjects laboratory study to investigate the relationships between decision-making processes, food intake, and weight status in 70 children 7-to-11-years-old. Decision-making was assessed with the Hungry Donkey Task (HDT), a child-friendly task where children make selections with unknown reward outcomes. Food intake was measured with three paradigms: (1) a standard ad libitum meal, (2) an eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) protocol, and (3) a palatable buffet meal. Individual differences related to decision-making processes during the HDT were quantified with a reinforcement learning model. Path analyses were used to test whether decision-making processes that contribute to children’s (a) expected value of a choice and (b) tendency to perseverate (i.e., repeatedly make the same choice) were indirectly associated with weight status through their effects on intake (kcal). Results revealed that increases in the tendency to perseverate after a gain outcome were positively associated with intake at all three paradigms and indirectly associated with higher weight status through intake at both the standard and buffet meals. Increases in the tendency to perseverate after a loss outcome were positively associated with EAH, but only in children whose tendency to perseverate persistedacross trials. Results suggest that decision-making processes that shape children’s tendencies to repeat a behavior (i.e., perseverate) are related to laboratory energy intake across multiple eating paradigms. Children who are more likely to repeat a choice after a positive outcome have a tendency to eat more at laboratory meals. If this generalizes to contexts outside the laboratory, these children may be susceptible to obesity. By using a reinforcement learning model not previously applied to the study of eating behaviors, this study elucidated potential determinants of excess energy intake in children, which may be useful for the development of childhood obesity interventions.

scholarly journals Within-person compensation for snack energy by US adults, NHANES 2007–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashima K Kant ◽  
Barry I Graubard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
Main Meals

ABSTRACT Background Most Americans snack and some snack several times a day; however, compensatory dietary and eating behaviors associated with snacking in free-living individuals are poorly understood. Objective The aim of the study was to examine within-person differences in reported energy intake and eating patterns on a snack day relative to a no-snack day. Methods We used 2 d of dietary recall data from the NHANES 2007–2014 to replicate the crossover nutrition study paradigm in a natural setting. Respondents reporting a snack episode in only one of two available dietary recalls were eligible for inclusion in the study (n = 1,917 men and 1,860 women). We used multivariable regression methods to compare within-person differences in quantitative, qualitative, and eating pattern outcomes between the snack and no-snack recall days. Results On the snack day, snack episodes provided (mean difference and 95% CI) 493 (454, 532) kcal of energy in men and 360 (328, 392) kcal in women. The 24-h energy intake on snack day was higher by 239 (140, 337) kcal in men and 219 (164, 273) kcal in women (P < 0.0001). On the snack day, both men and women were more likely to skip main meals and reported lower energy intake from main meals (P < 0.0001); however, the energy density of foods or beverages reported on the snack compared with no-snack days were not different. Fruit servings were higher on the snack day (P ≤ 0.0004), but intakes of vegetables and key micronutrients did not differ. The 24-h ingestive period was longer on the snack day (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Free-living men and women partially compensated for snack energy by decreasing energy intake from main meals without adverse associations with qualitative dietary characteristics or time of meal consumption. Women compensated to a smaller extent than men. Thus, over the long term, snack episodes may contribute to positive energy balance, and the risk may be higher in women.

Prevalence of Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Male Collegiate Athletes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent A. Petrie ◽  
Christy Greenleaf ◽  
Justine Reel ◽  
Jennifer E. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors
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