scholarly journals Acute Cholecystitis Reduces Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Porcine Gallbladder Through Decreased mRNA Synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-peng Huang ◽  
Hu Qiu ◽  
Bao-ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Motility Disorder ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Background/Aims: Acute cholecystitis is a common gastrointestinal disorder, often characterized by acute cholecystitis with gallbladder motility disorder. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells of gut motility in the gastrointestinal tract. Disruption of ICC function is related to motility disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ICCs in acute cholecystitis and after the resolution of acute inflammation. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into five groups: a sham-administered group (control group); two groups that were intraperitoneally administered an anti-polyclonal neutrophil (PMN) antibody 24 h before common bile duct ligation (CBDL); and two groups of guinea pigs that were subjected to CBDL without receiving the PMN antibody. Guinea pigs that underwent CBDL were held for 24 h or 48 h after surgery before being subjected to laparotomy and cholecystectomy. Immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assays, western blotting, and real-time PCR were performed to determine ICC morphology and density, to detect ICC apoptosis, and to examine stem cell factor (SCF) and c-kit protein expression and SCF and c-kit mRNA levels, respectively. Results: Both hematoxylin-eosin staining and histological inflammation scores in the PMN groups were lower than those in the control groups (P < 0.01). No differences were observed in ICC morphology between groups. During acute cholecystitis, ICCs numbers were reduced. Conversely, the density of ICCs increased after inflammation was relieved (P < 0.01). In addition, SCF and c-kit protein and mRNA expression levels decreased during acute cholecystitis (P < 0.05) and increased after inflammation was relieved (P < 0.05). Furthermore, ICC apoptosis increased during acute cholecystitis and decreased after resolution of acute cholecystitis (P < 0.01). Conclusions: In acute cholecystitis, ICC injury may be related to gallbladder motility disorder.

scholarly journals The Role of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Acute Cholecystitis in Guinea Pig Gallbladder

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1775-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-peng Huang ◽  
Hu Qiu ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Background/Aims: Acute cholecystitis is common in gallbladder motility disorder. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the gallbladder are involved in the regulation of gallbladder motility. The aim of this study was to explore the change of gallbladder ICCs in acute cholecystitis. Methods: Thirty adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: a sham-operated group (healthy controls) and 2 study groups. The animals in the study group were subjected to bile duct ligation and then to laparotomy and cholecystectomy at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. Immunohistochemistry, immunohistofluorescence, and laser confocal microscopy were performed to observe the shape, size, morphology, and density of gallbladder ICCs. Western blot and real-time PCR were performed to detect stem cell factor and c-kit protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Results: There were no differences in the shape, size, and morphology of the gallbladder ICCs in the control and the two acute cholecystitis groups. Density of gallbladder ICCs, SCF level, and c-kit protein and mRNA expression all decreased in the acute cholecystitis groups. Further, SCF level and c-kit protein and mRNA expression decreased with progress of acute cholecystitis (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Acute cholecystitis can decrease ICCs through repression of SCF and c-kit expression and that ICCs loss play a role in acute cholecystitis.

scholarly journals Effect of Neutrophils on Gallbladder Interstitial Cajal-Like Cells in Guinea Pig Model of Acute Cholecystitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2033-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-peng Huang ◽  
Hu Qiu ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Bao-ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Motility Disorder ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Common Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Confocal Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Duct Ligation

Background: Acute cholecystitis is a common condition in gallbladder motility disorder. Interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs) in the gallbladder are known as one of the players in the complex motility mechanisms affecting gallbladder motility. Aim: This study explored morphological symptoms and molecular mechanisms underlying gallbladder ICLC changes induced by acute cholecystitis. Materials and Methods: Fifteen adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group (healthy controls) and 2 experimental groups wherein these guinea pigs were subjected to common bile duct ligation to induce acute cholecystitis. Neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of sham-operated animals and from the experimental animals at 24 and 48 h after surgery, and co-cultured with gallbladder ICLCs. The morphology of gallbladder ICLCs was examined by laser confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis, and western blot and real-time PCR were performed to detect stem cell factor (SCF) and c-kit protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Results: No morphological differences in the gallbladder ICLCs were observed between single-culture and co-culture with healthy control neutrophil groups. However, the ICLCs in all co-culture groups with acute inflammation were impaired. In the co-culture groups, the rate of ICLC apoptosis was significantly higher than that in the single-culture group. SCF and c-kit protein and mRNA expression levels decreased in all co-culture groups as well. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the neutrophils are involved in gallbladder ICLC injury in acute cholecystitis cases and associated with gallbladder motility disorder.

scholarly journals Plasticity of Interstitial Cells of Cajal: A Study in the Small Intestine of Adult Guinea Pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 292 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Mei ◽  
Juan Han ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Zhong-Yong Jiang ◽  
Cheng-Jie Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

scholarly journals Long-Pulse Gastric Electrical Stimulation Repairs Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Smooth Muscle Cells in the Gastric Antrum of Diabetic Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Hongcai Wang ◽  
Hai Li ◽  
Shi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Gastric Contractions ◽  
Long Pulse

Background/Aims. The damage of interstitial cells of Cajal and smooth muscle cells has far-reaching implications in the pathogenesis of gastroparesis in diabetic patients. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is an efficient therapy for gastric motility disorders, but the mechanisms of GES require clarification.Methods. Male rats were randomly divided into the control group, diabetic rat group (DM), diabetic rats with sham GES group (DM + SGES), and diabetic rats with different frequency GES group (DM + GES) (GES1: 5.5 cpm, 100 ms, 4 mA; GES2: 5.5 cpm, 300 ms, 4 mA; and GES3: 5.5 cpm, 550 ms, 2 mA). Gastric contractions were explored using the organ bath technique. The alterations of interstitial cells of Cajal, the SCF/c-kit pathway, and smooth muscle cells were also investigated.Results. (1) Gastric contractions were significantly improved in the DM + GES group compared with those in the DM group. (2) The damage of interstitial cells of Cajal was prevented in the DM + GES group in contrast to the DM group. Moreover, long-pulse GES increased the expression of the SCF/c-kit pathway. More proliferated interstitial cells of Cajal in muscle layers were observed obviously in the DM + GES group. (3) The number of smooth muscle cells in the DM group was not significantly decreased compared with that in the control group. However, ultrastructural changes were distinctly damaged in the DM group. The application of GES protected against the alteration of the ultrastructures of smooth muscle cells.Conclusions. Long-pulse GES improves gastric contraction possibly by enhancing the proliferation of interstitial cells of Cajal and restoring the injury of smooth muscle cells.

Acupuncture protects the interstitial cells of Cajal by regulating miR-222 in a rat model of post-operative ileus

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-jing Deng ◽  
Ming-yin Lai ◽  
Xinghua Tan ◽  
Qing Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Enos Mrna ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
Gi Motility

Background: Recovery of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) during post-operative ileus (POI) is important for the restoration of gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Acupuncture can protect ICCs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether miR-222, c-kit and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are involved in the putative effects of acupuncture on ICC recovery. Methods: A POI model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by colo-colic anastomosis, and then acupuncture was performed at bilateral ST36, SP6 and LR3 once daily for 3 consecutive days. C-kit protein expression in the colonic tissue adjacent to the incision site was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. mRNA levels of c-kit, eNOS and miR-222 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The levels of c-kit mRNA/protein and eNOS mRNA decreased, while miR-222 increased in the colonic tissues of POI model rats. Acupuncture treatment improved GI motility, inhibited the up-regulation of miR-222 and blocked the down-regulation of c-kit mRNA/protein and eNOS mRNA. The levels of miR-222 and c-kit were negatively correlated. Conclusion: Acupuncture at ST36, SP6 and LR3 facilitates ICC recovery and improves post-operative GI motility in part through regulation of miR-222, c-kit and eNOS.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Relieves Suppression of Autophagy in Interstitial Cells of Cajal of Diabetic Gastroparesis Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xing Wei ◽  
Yaping Lin ◽  
Dongfeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Xiao ◽  
Qiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Diabetic Gastroparesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autophagy Flux ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Modeling Group ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Background. The incidence of diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is mainly blamed to abnormity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Autophagy could degrade damaged proteins and organelles to keep intracellular homeostasis, and it could directly influence structure and number of cells. In this study, we aimed to figure out the relationship between DGP and autophagy of ICCs. Methods. Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC, 10) and modeling group (50). Rats in the modeling group were injected 2% streptozotocin (STZ) and fed with high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 weeks in order to establish DGP rat model. After modeling, 30 successfully modeled rats were randomly selected and separated into diabetic gastroparesis group (DGP, 10), GDP rats with electroacupuncture group (EA, 10), and GDP rats with metoclopramide group (MP, 10). When the intervention was completed, blood glucose was measured by ONE TOUCH glucometer and gastrointestinal propulsive rate was detected through measuring optical density. Autophagosomes were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expression of LC3 protein and P62 protein was measured by Western blot. When ICCs were transfected with GFP-RFP-LC3 plasmid, autophagy flux was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope. Results. (1) After intervention, compared with blood glucose of rats in the NC group, all of the DGP, EA, and MP groups were remarkably increased (P<0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P<0.01). (2) Compared with gastrointestinal propulsive rate of rats in the NC group, no matter gastric emptying rate or intestinal propulsive rate, the EA and MP groups were significantly reduced (P<0.01); compared with the NC group, gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsive rate in the EA group were obviously decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01); compared with the DGP group, the EA and MP groups were increased significantly (P<0.01). (3) Compared with the NC group, intensity of RFP and GFP in the DGP group was obviously increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), in other words, the DGP group accompanying suppression of autophagy; compared with the DGP group, intensity of RFP and GFP in the EA group was decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). (4) There was no autophagosome in the NC group, and an autophagosome existed in the DGP group. Both EA and MP groups found autophagy. (5) When coming to LC3 II/LC3 I, compared with the NC group, the ratio was enhanced in the DGP and EA groups (P<0.01, P<0.05); compared with the DGP group, LC3 II/LC3 I was dramatically decreased in the MP and EA groups (P<0.01). (6) As the substrate of degradation, the expression of P62 in the other three groups was significantly increased (P<0.01) compared with the NC group; compared with the DGP group, the amount of P62 in the EA and MP groups was reduced greatly (P<0.01). Conclusion. The impaired autophagy flux in ICCs is the pathological basis of diabetic gastroparesis, blaming to fusion dysfunction of autophagosome and lysosome and electroacupuncture (EA) could ease the suppression of autophagy to improve gastric motility.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extracts of Herba Cistanche Promoted Intestinal Motility in Loperamide-Induced Constipation Rats by Ameliorating the Interstitial Cells of Cajal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Yan ◽  
Yin-zi Yue ◽  
Xiao-peng Wang ◽  
Hong-li Dong ◽  
Shu-guang Zhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Traditional Chinese medicine was reported to have good effects in treating functional constipation. This work attempted to prove the effects of aqueous extracts of Herba Cistanche (AEHC) on STC treatment and to determine the possible mechanisms by a loperamide-induced slow transit constipation (STC) model. HPLC was performed for identification and confirmation of the bioactive components in the AEHC. It was found that AEHC attenuated STC responses based on increased fecal quantity, moisture content, and intestinal transit rate, as well as serum levels of GAS, MTL, SS, and CGRP. The protein and mRNA levels of c-kit, a labeling of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), also increased. Meanwhile, only the protein level of SCF, a ligand of c-kit, increased. The analysis of our data suggested that AEHC could obviously improve the function of ICC via a signaling pathway involving PI3K, SCF, and c-kit and enhance colonic motility indices such as GAS, MTL, SS, and CGRP. It is interesting to note that AEHC appeared to be effective on constipation, so further experiments are necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms involved.

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