Stability of Genome Composition and Recombination between Homoeologous Chromosomes in Festulolium (Festuca × Lolium) Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kopecký ◽  
Denisa Šimoníková ◽  
Marc Ghesquière ◽  
Jaroslav Doležel
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Genome Composition ◽  
Unique Chromosome ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes ◽  
High Seed Yield

Festulolium are hybrids between fescue (Festuca) and ryegrass (Lolium) species and combine high seed yield of ryegrasses with abiotic stress tolerance of fescues. Chromosomes of Festuca and Lolium present in Festulolium freely pair and recombine, which results in highly variable progeny where every single plant has a unique chromosome constitution. Thus, the stability of the genomic composition in Festulolium cultivars is an important issue. In this work, we used in situ hybridization to examine the genomic composition (understood as the proportion of parental genomes present) over 3 consecutive generations of propagation via outcrossing (the first one being the generation used for cultivar registration) of 3 Festulolium cultivars. Our analysis revealed that the genome composition largely differs among the plants from individual cultivars but appears to be relatively stable over the generations. A gradual shift in the genome composition towards Lolium observed in the early generations of hybrids appears to reach a plateau where the proportions of parental genomes become stabilized. Nevertheless, the proportion remains unbalanced to a certain extent (always in favor of the Lolium genome) in each cultivar. Our observations indicate a possibility to modulate genomic composition in hybrids by breeders' selection without a compromise on stability.

scholarly journals Mysterious meiotic behavior of autopolyploid and allopolyploid maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Cheng MingJun ◽  
Yanli Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Wen ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Stability ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Dual Color ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

This study was aimed to investigate the stability of chromosomes during meiosis in autopolyploid and allopolyploid maize, as well as to determine an association of chromosomes between maize (Zeamaysssp.mays Linnaeus, 1753) and Z.perennis (Hitchcock, 1922) Reeves & Mangelsdor, 1942, by producing a series of autopolyploid and allopolyploid maize hybrids. The intra-genomic and inter-genomic meiotic pairings in these polyploids were quantified and compared using dual-color genomic in-situ hybridization. The results demonstrated higher level of chromosome stability in allopolyploid maize during meiosis as compared to autopolyploid maize. In addition, the meiotic behavior of Z.perennis was relatively more stable as compared to the allopolyploid maize. Moreover, ten chromosomes of "A” subgenome in maize were homologous to twenty chromosomes of Z.perennis genome with a higher pairing frequency and little evolutionary differentiation. At the same time, little evolutionary differentiation has been shown by chromosomes of "A” subgenome in maize, while chromosomes of "B” subgenome, had a lower pairing frequency and higher evolutionary differentiation. Furthermore, 5IM + 5IIPP + 5IIIMPP and 5IIMM + 5IIPP + 5IVMMPP were observed in allotriploids and allotetraploids respectively, whereas homoeologous chromosomes were found between the "A” and "B” genome of maize and Z.perennis.

Genomic in situ hybridization analysis of a trigenomic hybrid involving Solanum and Lycopersicon species

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Haider Ali ◽  
Dirk Jan Huigen ◽  
M S Ramanna ◽  
Evert Jacobsen ◽  
Richard GF Visser
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Potato Genome ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Bridge Species ◽  
Genomic Probes ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

A 4x potato (+) tomato fusion hybrid (2n = 4x = 48) was successfully backcrossed with a diploid Lycopersicon pennellii (2n = 2x = 24). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) on somatic and meiotic chromosomes confirmed that the progenies were triploids (2n = 3x = 36) and possessed three different genomes: potato, tomato, and L. pennellii. Therefore, they have been called trigenomic hybrids. Total genomic probes of both Lycopersicon species were found to hybridize mutually, whereas the potato genome was clearly differentiated. During metaphase I, bivalents were formed predominantly between tomato and L. pennellii chromosomes and the univalents of potato chromosomes were most common. Trivalents in all cases included homoeologous chromosomes of potato, tomato, and L. pennellii. However, the triploids were totally sterile as determined from extensive crossing. On chromosome doubling of triploids by shoot regeneration from callus, hexaploids (2n = 6x = 72) were obtained. Despite exhibiting clear allohexaploid behaviour by forming 36 bivalents at meiosis, these were also completely sterile like their triploid counterparts. In spite of this drawback, the prospects of chromosome pairing between potato L. pennellii and Solanum genomes does open the possibilities for bringing the two genera close.Key words: trigenomic triploids, GISH, bridge species, potato (+) tomato fusion hybrids.

The genome composition of hexaploid Psammopyrum athericum and octoploid Psammopyrum pungens (Poaceae: Triticeae)

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernilla Ellneskog-Staam ◽  
Björn Salomon ◽  
Roland von Bothmer ◽  
Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Genome Composition ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
Genomic Probe

The genomic constitution of two species in the genus Psammopyrum, i.e., Ps. athericum (2n = 6x = 42) and Ps. pungens (2n = 8x = 56), was studied by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). In Ps. athericum, one diploid chromosome set hybridized to a genomic probe from Pseudoroegneria ferganensis (St genome), one diploid set to a probe from Agropyron cristatum (P genome), and one diploid set to a probe from Thinopyrum junceiforme (EbEe genomes) or Th. bessarabicum (Eb genome). Substituting the St-genome probe with an L-genome probe from Festucopsis serpentinii resulted in exactly the same hybridization pattern, suggesting a genomic constitution of EStP or ELP for Ps. athericum. The same probes used on Ps. pungens showed two diploid sets of chromosomes hybridizing to the St-genome probe, one diploid set hybridizing to the P-genome probe, and one diploid set hybridizing to the EbEe-genome probe. The L-genome probe hybridized to approximately 14 of the chromosomes that were labeled by the St-genome probe. Hence the genomic constitution for Ps. pungens is proposed to be EStStP or EStLP.Key Words: Psammopyrum athericum, Psammopyrum pungens, in situ hybridization, Elytrigia pycnantha, Elytrigia pungens, genome analysis.

scholarly journals A fixative suitable for in situ hybridization histochemistry.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Uehara ◽  
N Ohba ◽  
Y Nakashima ◽  
T Yanagita ◽  
M Ozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
Rna Probes ◽  
Labeled Rna ◽  
The Stability

We compared the morphology and stability of hybridization signals between paraffin sections of rat retina fixed with commonly used 4% paraformaldehyde/PBS and those fixed with a fixative containing glutaraldehyde in in situ hybridization histochemistry, using a digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe complementary for beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase mRNA. Retinal detachment was frequently observed in the sections fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde-PBS, whereas the morphology was satisfactorily preserved in those fixed with either 0.5% glutaraldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde-PBS, or 2.5% glutaraldehyde-PBS. Without glutaraldehyde, it was difficult to determine the most appropriate length of proteinase K digestion of tissue sections for facilitating probe penetration, since the optimal time for definite hybridization was variable among the retinal cells in heterogeneous layers. By addition of glutaraldehyde to paraformaldehyde or with glutaraldehyde alone, it was easy to establish the appropriate time for the unmasking procedure, since intense mRNA signals were constant throughout the retina by proteinase K digestion for more than 30-40 min. Using a fixative that causes stronger cross-linking (e.g., glutaraldehyde) is recommended to improve not only the morphology but also the stability of hybridization signals in in situ hybridization histochemistry with paraffin embedding and digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes.

Characterization of telomeres in Hordeum vulgare chromosomes by in situ hybridization. II. Healed broken chromosomes in telotrisomic 4L and acrotrisomic 4L4S lines

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoke Wang ◽  
Nora L. V. Lapitan ◽  
Marion Roder ◽  
Takumi Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Parts

The ends of barley chromosomes hybridize in situ to the telomeric sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana. It was confirmed that the cross-hybridizing sequences in barley are found at the absolute ends of the chromosomes by exonuclease Bal31 digestion. The Bal31 experiments also indicated that telomere-like sequences do not occur in high copies at interstitial sites in barley. To determine whether healing of broken chromosomes occurred in aneuploid lines of barley containing extra chromosomes with breakages in different parts, in situ hybridization with the A. thaliana telomere on telotrisomic 4L and acrotrisomic 4L4S lines was conducted. Telosome 4L possesses breaks in the centromere and in an interstitial location in the long arm, while acrosome 4L4S possesses interstitial breaks in both long and short arms. In situ hybridization revealed the presence of telomere sequences on both broken ends of telosome 4L and acrosome 4L4S. In telosome 4L, telomere sequences were present even at the broken site of the centromere. These results show that broken ends of barley chromosomes were healed. Such healing may explain the stability of these chromosomes through many generations.Key words: telomere, centromere, telosome, acrosome, acrotrisomic, telotrisomic.

Influence of phosphate and disinfection on the composition of biofilms produced from drinking water, as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 741-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Batté ◽  
L Mathieu ◽  
P Laurent ◽  
M Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Phosphate Treatment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Eub338 Probe ◽  
Direct Counts

Biofilms were grown in annular reactors supplied with drinking water enriched with 235 µg C/L. Changes in the biofilms with ageing, disinfection, and phosphate treatment were monitored using fluorescence in situ hybridization. EUB338, BET42a, GAM42a, and ALF1b probes were used to target most bacteria and the alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) subclasses of Proteobacteria, respectively. The stability of biofilm composition was checked after the onset of colonization between T = 42 days and T = 113 days. From 56.0% to 75.9% of the cells detected through total direct counts with DAPI (4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) were also detected with the EUB338 probe, which targets the 16S rRNA of most bacteria. Among these cells, 16.9%–24.7% were targeted with the BET42a probe, 1.8%–18.3% with the ALF1b probe, and <2.5% with the GAM42a probe. Phosphate treatment induced a significant enhancement to the proportion of γ-Proteobacteria (detected with the GAM42a probe), a group that contains many health-related bacteria. Disinfection with monochloramine for 1 month or chlorine for 3 days induced a reduction in the percentage of DAPI-stained cells that hybridized with the EUB338 probe (as expressed by percentages of EUB338 counts/DAPI) and with any of the ALF1b, BET42a, and GAM42a probes. The percentage of cells detected by any of the three probes (ALF1b+BET42a+GAM42a) tended to decrease, and reached in total less than 30% of the EUB338-hybridized cells. Disinfection with chlorine for 7 days induced a reverse shift; an increase in the percentage of EUB338 counts targeted by any of these three probes was noted, which reached up to 87%. However, it should be noted that the global bacterial densities (heterotrophic plate counts and total direct counts) tended to decrease over the duration of the experiment. Therefore, those bacteria that could be considered to resist 7 days of chlorination constituted a small part of the initial biofilm community, up to the point at which the other bacterial groups were destroyed by chlorination. The results suggest that there were variations in the kinetics of inactivation by disinfectant, depending on the bacterial populations involved.Key words: biofilm, phosphate, chlorine, monochloramine, FISH, drinking water.

scholarly journals Genome composition and pollen viability of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) interspecific hybrids by Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilda Cintra de Souza ◽  
Daniela de Argollo Marques ◽  
Marcel Mamede de Carvalho Filho ◽  
Ana Rafaela da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Walter José Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genome Composition

Identification of new winter wheat – winter barley addition lines (6HS and 7H) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and the stability of the whole ‘Martonvásári 9 kr1’ – ‘Igri’ addition set

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
É. Szakács ◽  
M. Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
The Stability

A previous paper reported the development of disomic addition lines (2H, 3H, 4H, and 1HS isochromosomic) from hybrids between the winter wheat ‘Martonvásári 9 kr1’ and the two-rowed winter barley cultivar ‘Igri’. The present paper describes the isolation of two new additions, the 7H disomic and 6HS ditelosomic additions, using fluorescence in situ hybridization with the repetitive DNA probes Afa-family and HvT01. The identification of the barley chromosomes in the wheat genome was confirmed with simple sequence repeat markers. The morphological characterization of the new addition lines is also discussed. Studies of the genetic stability of the whole set (2H, 3H, 4H, 7H, 1HS iso, 6HS) of ‘Martonvásári 9 kr1’ – ‘Igri’ additions revealed that the most stable disomic additions are 2H and 3H and the most unstable line is the 1HS isochromosomic addition.

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