Chromosome Polymorphism in Microtus(Alexandromys)mujanensis (Arvicolinae, Rodentia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Lemskaya ◽  
Irina V. Kartavtseva ◽  
Nadezhda V. Rubtsova ◽  
Fedor N. Golenishchev ◽  
Irina N. Sheremetyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Pericentric Inversions

The Muya Valley vole (Microtus mujanensis) has a constant diploid chromosome number of 2n = 38, but an unstable karyotype with polymorphic chromosome pairs. Here, we describe 4 karyotypic variants involving 2 polymorphic chromosome pairs, MMUJ8 and MMUJ14, in 6 animals from Buryatia using a combination of GTG-banding and chromosome painting with M. agrestis probes. We suggest that the polymorphic pairs MMUJ8 and MMUJ14 were formed through pericentric inversions that played a major role during karyotype evolution of the species. We also propose that the stable diploid number with some ongoing polymorphism in the number of chromosome arms indicates that this evolutionarily young endemic species of Russian Far East is on the way to karyotype and likely species stabilization.

Comparative Chromosome Painting in Two Brazilian Stork Species with Different Diploid Numbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Igor C.A. Seligmann ◽  
Ivanete O. Furo ◽  
Michelly S. dos Santos ◽  
Marcella M. Tagliarini ◽  
Cristiane C.D. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
South America ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
Comparative Chromosome Painting ◽  
The Family

Despite the variation observed in the diploid chromosome number of storks (Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae), from 2n = 52 to 2n = 78, most reports have relied solely on analyses by conventional staining. As most species have similar macrochromosomes, some authors propose that karyotype evolution involves mainly fusions between microchromosomes, which are highly variable in species with different diploid numbers. In order to verify this hypothesis, in this study, the karyotypes of 2 species of storks from South America with different diploid numbers, the jabiru (Jabiru mycteria, 2n = 56) and the maguary stork (Ciconia maguary, 2n = 72), were analyzed by chromosome painting using whole chromosome probes from the macrochromosomes of Gallus gallus (GGA) and Leucopternis albicollis (LAL). The results revealed that J. mycteria and C. maguary share synteny within chromosome pairs 1-9 and Z. The syntenies to the macrochromosomes of G. gallus are conserved, except for GGA4, which is homologous to 2 different pairs, as in most species of birds. A fusion of GGA8 and GGA9 was observed in both species. Additionally, chromosomes corresponding to GGA4p and GGA6 are fused to other segments that did not hybridize to any of the macrochromosome probes used, suggesting that these segments correspond to microchromosomes. Hence, our data corroborate the proposed hypothesis that karyotype evolution is based on fusions involving microchromosomes. In view of the morphological constancy of the macrochromosome pairs in most Ciconiidae, we propose a putative ancestral karyotype for the family, including the GGA8/GGA9 fusion, and a diploid number of 2n = 78. The use of probes for microchromosome pairs should be the next step in identifying other synapomorphies that may help to clarify the phylogeny of this family.

Karyotype, C-banding, and Ag-NOR analysis in Diplodus bellottii (Sparidae, Perciforms). Intra-individual polymorphism involving heterochromatic regions

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amores ◽  
G. Martinez ◽  
J. Reina ◽  
M. C. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Centric Fusion ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Terminal Position ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Metacentric Pair ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Nucleolus Organizers

A karyotype analysis was carried out in nine specimens of the Sparid species Diplodus bellottii using conventional staining, as well as C-banding and Ag-NOR banding techniques, showing, respectively, 2n = 46 and fundamental number (FN) = 54, and scarce heterochromatic areas irregularly distributed and up to four NOR active regions that were C positive. When compared with the karyotypes of other related species, one centric fusion giving rise to a large metacentric pair and several pericentric inversions seem to have been involved in the karyotype evolution. An intra-individual polymorphism was detected in one specimen, resulting in two karyotypic forms in roughly identical proportion, owing to a larger C-band by the NOR regions, appearing either in a terminal position of the short arms of pair 2 or in telomeric position of pair 3. These findings suggest that the extra heterochromatic segment responsible for the heteromorphism apparently only involves associated heterochromatin and not the NORs themselves. This C-positive block seems to have eventually been transferred between heterologous NOR chromosomes by a somatic event, facilitated by the physical proximity of NOR pairs in the nucleolus.Key words: Sparidae, karyotype, heterochromatin, nucleolus organizers, chromosome polymorphism.

scholarly journals Morphological, anatomical and karyological investigations of the Turkish endemic species Lathyrus woronowii Bornm. (Fabaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Güneş ◽  
Çiler Meriç
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
International Union ◽  
First Time ◽  
Iucn Criteria ◽  
General Appearance

AbstractLathyrus woronowiiBornm., an endemic species of Turkey, is threatened with extinction due to dam construction. It exists only in the Çoruh valley, Artvin. This annual species is in the critically endangered (CR) category according to the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Its morphology, anatomy and karyology are studied here for the first time. A detailed description is given and the general appearance of the species has been drawn; cross sections from the stem and leaf have been taken and examined; and the diploid chromosome number (2n = 14) has been reported and illustrated for the first time.

Insects found in birds’ nests from Argentina: cytogenetic studies in Cimicidae (Hemiptera) and its taxonomical and phylogenetic implications

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2315 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA G. POGGIO ◽  
MARIA J. BRESSA ◽  
ALBA G. PAPESCHI ◽  
OSVALDO DI IORIO ◽  
PAOLA TURIENZO
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

The Cimicidae (Hemiptera) are known to be blood ectoparasites primarily on birds and bats. Three species of the subfamily Haematosiphoninae are known from Argentina: Acanthocrios furnarii, Ornithocoris toledoi, and Psitticimex uritui; all feed on diverse avian hosts. The chromosome number and male meiosis of A. furnarii, and P. uritui from new Argentinean samples are analyzed and compared with previous data. The sample of A. furnarii described by Ueshima (1966) with 2n = 32 + XY (male), strikingly differs from the present results (2n = 10 + XY, male). The diploid number of P. uritui agree with the previously reported by Ueshima (1966), 2n = 28 + X 1 X 2 Y (male). Taxonomical implications about the identity of A. furnarii are discussed and the mechanisms of the karyotype evolution of species belonging to Haematosiphoninae are proposed.

scholarly journals Comparative chromosome painting in Spizaetus tyrannus and Gallus gallus with the use of macro- and microchromosome probes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259905
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Carvalho ◽  
Ivanete O. Furo ◽  
Patricia C. M. O’Brien ◽  
Jorge Pereira ◽  
Rebeca E. O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
Comparative Chromosome Painting ◽  
Additional Information

Although most birds show karyotypes with diploid number (2n) around 80, with few macrochromosomes and many microchromosomes pairs, some groups, such as the Accipitriformes, are characterized by a large karyotypic reorganization, which resulted in complements with low diploid numbers, and a smaller number of microchromosomal pairs when compared to other birds. Among Accipitriformes, the Accipitridae family is the most diverse and includes, among other subfamilies, the subfamily Aquilinae, composed of medium to large sized species. The Black-Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus-STY), found in South America, is a member of this subfamily. Available chromosome data for this species includes only conventional staining. Hence, in order to provide additional information on karyotype evolution process within this group, we performed comparative chromosome painting between S. tyrannus and Gallus gallus (GGA). Our results revealed that at least 29 fission-fusion events occurred in the STY karyotype, based on homology with GGA. Fissions occurred mainly in syntenic groups homologous to GGA1-GGA5. On the other hand, the majority of the microchromosomes were found fused to other chromosomal elements in STY, indicating these rearrangements played an important role in the reduction of the 2n to 68. Comparison with hybridization pattern of the Japanese-Mountain-Eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis orientalis), the only Aquilinae analyzed by comparative chromosome painting previously, did not reveal any synapomorphy that could represent a chromosome signature to this subfamily. Therefore, conclusions about karyotype evolution in Aquilinae require additional painting studies.

Cytogenetics of Australian scorpions. I. Interchange polymorphism in the family Buthidae

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Shanahan
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Holocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Fixed Heterozygosity ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The Family

Male scorpions from Australian species of the family Buthidae exhibit a unique combination of cytogenetic features including achiasmate meiosis, holocentric chromosomes, and extensive interchange heterozygosity. Chromosome number is highly conserved, with all species having a basic diploid number of 2n = 14. There is evidence that inbreeding has contributed to the establishment of populations with interchange heterozygotes, some exhibiting rings of up to 12 chromosomes. Although most populations contain both structural homozygotes and interchange heterozygotes, one population may exhibit fixed heterozygosity. It is argued that the interchange heterozygosity observed in buthids is of adaptive significance.Key words: interchange, chromosome polymorphism, achiasmate meiosis, holocentric chromosomes.

scholarly journals Karyotype evolution of the genus Eranthis Salisb. (Ranunculaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 056-060
Author(s):  
E. Yu Mitrenina ◽  
A. S. Erst
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Root Meristematic Cells ◽  
First Time

We have conducted comparative study of karyotypes for nine Eranthis Salisb. species: E. bulgarica (Stef.)Stef., E. hyemalis (L.) Salisb., E. longistipitata Regel (section Eranthis), E. byunsanensis B. Y. Sun, E. lobulata W. T.Wang, E. pinnatifida Maxim., E. sibirica DC., E. stellata Maxim., and E. tanhoensis Erst (section Shibateranthis). Thespecies-specifity of karyotypes was established for all species investigated. The chromosomes of each species weremedium or large in size (4–12 µm). Besides E. sibirica and E. tanhoensis, all the investigated specimens had diploidcytotypes with 2n = 16 and the basic chromosome number x = 8. Plants from five E. sibirica populations were tetraploidand hexaploid with x = 7, 2n = 28 and 2n = 42 respectively. Plants from seven E. tanhoensis populations were diploid withx = 7 and 2n = 14. Diploid karyotypes of Eranthis included 4–5 pairs of large equal-armed (metacentric) chromosomes,and 2–4 pairs of unequal-armed chromosomes belonging to different morphological types (submetacentric, subtelocentric,and acrocentric ones). We have revealed B chromosomes in root meristematic cells of E. lobulata and E. tanhoensis forthe first time. We suppose that the key developments in Eranthis karyotype`s evolution were pericentric inversions,polyploidy, and probably translocations.

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