scholarly journals Anticaries Potential of a Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice Containing Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate: Exploratory in situ Randomized Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Parkinson ◽  
Muhammad Siddiqi ◽  
Stephen Mason ◽  
Frank Lippert ◽  
Anderson T. Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) is a bioactive glass material that alleviates dentin hypersensitivity and is postulated to confer remineralization of caries lesions. This single-centre, randomized, single (investigator)-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, in situ study explored whether the addition of 5% CSPS to a nonaqueous fluoride (F) such as sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP)-containing dentifrice affects its cariostatic ability. Seventy-seven subjects wore 4 gauze-covered enamel specimens with preformed lesions (2 surface-softened and 2 subsurface) placed buccally on their mandibular bilateral dentures for up to 4 weeks. Subjects brushed twice daily with 1 of the 5 study dentifrices: 927 ppm F/5% CSPS, 927 ppm F/0% CSPS, 250 ppm F/0% CSPS, 0 ppm F/5% CSPS, or 0 ppm F/0% CSPS. Specimens were retrieved after either 21 (surface-softened lesions; analyzed by Knoop surface microhardness [SMH]) or 28 days (subsurface lesions; analyzed by transverse microradiography). The enamel fluoride uptake was determined for all specimens using a microbiopsy technique. The concentrations of fluoride and calcium in gauze-retrieved plaque were also evaluated. Higher dentifrice fluoride concentrations led to greater remineralization and fluoridation of both lesion types and increased plaque fluoride concentrations. CSPS did not improve the cariostatic properties of SMFP; there were no statistically significant differences between 927 ppm F/5% CSPS and 927 ppm F/0% CSPS in percent SMH recovery (p = 0.6788), change in integrated mineral loss (p = 0.5908), or lesion depth (p = 0.6622). Likewise, 0 ppm F/5% CSPS did not provide any benefits in comparison to 0 ppm F/0% CSPS. In conclusion, CSPS does not negatively impact nor does it improve the ability of an SMFP dentifrice to affect remineralization of caries lesions.

Protective Effect of the Dental Pellicle against Erosive Challenges in situ

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Hara ◽  
M. Ando ◽  
C. González-Cabezas ◽  
J.A. Cury ◽  
M.C. Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Mineral Loss

The acquired dental pellicle helps prevent erosion, but the protection level is unknown. This in situ study tested whether a two-hour pellicle protects against different erosive challenges by orange juice. Subjects wore palatal appliances loaded with either enamel or dentin specimens. Pellicle was allowed to form, or not (control), on the surfaces of the specimens intra-orally for 2 hrs before the erosive challenges of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 minutes’ duration. Specimens were randomly removed from the appliances after each challenge. Percentage of surface microhardness change (%SMC) was determined for the enamel specimens, and that of mineral loss and lesion depth for the dentin specimens. Enamel specimens with the pellicle showed a significantly lower %SMC, only after the 10-minute challenge. No protection was found for dentin. It was concluded that the acquired pellicle reduced dental erosion, but that this effect was limited to the less severe erosive challenge on enamel surfaces.

Re- and Demineralization Characteristics of Enamel Depending on Baseline Mineral Loss and Lesion Depth in situ

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Wierichs ◽  
Julian Lausch ◽  
Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel ◽  
Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Protocol Violation ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Mineral Loss

Objectives: The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, cross-over in situ study was to evaluate the re- and demineralization characteristics of sound enamel as well as lowly and highly demineralized caries-like enamel lesions after the application of different fluoride compounds. Methods: In each of three experimental legs of 4 weeks, 21 participants wore intraoral mandibular appliances containing 4 bovine enamel specimens (2 lowly and 2 highly demineralized). Each specimen included one sound enamel and either one lowly demineralized (7 days, pH 4.95) or one highly demineralized (21 days, pH 4.95) lesion, and was positioned 1 mm below the acrylic under a plastic mesh. The three randomly allocated treatments (application only) included the following dentifrices: (1) 1,100 ppm F as NaF, (2) 1,100 ppm F as SnF2 and (3) 0 ppm F (fluoride-free) as negative control. Differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZ) and lesion depth (ΔLD) were calculated between values before and after the in situ period using transversal microradiography. Results: Of the 21 participants, 6 did not complete the study and 2 were excluded due to protocol violation. Irrespectively of the treatment, higher baseline mineral loss and lesion depth led to a less pronounced change in mineral loss and lesion depth. Except for ΔΔZ of the dentifrice with 0 ppm F, sound surfaces showed significantly higher ΔΔZ and ΔLD values compared with lowly and highly demineralized lesions (p < 0.05, t test). Conclusion: Re- and demineralization characteristics of enamel depended directly on baseline mineral loss and lesion depth. Treatment groups should therefore be well balanced with respect to baseline mineral loss and lesion depth.

The Effect of Chewing Gum Use on in situ Enamel Lesion Remineralization

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1895-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Creanor ◽  
R. Strang ◽  
W.H. Gilmour ◽  
R.H. Foye ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

Two independent cross-over studies investigated the possibility of enhanced early enamel lesion remineralization with the use of chewing gum. The first study involved a sorbitol-containing chewing gum, and the second, which had an identical protocol, tested a sucrose-containing chewing gum. In each study, 12 volunteers wore in situ appliances on which were mounted enamel sections containing artificial caries lesions. Subjects brushed twice daily for two min with a 1100-ppm-F (NaF) dentifrice (control and test) and in the test phase chewed five sticks of gum per day for 20 min after meals and snacks. Microradiographs of the enamel lesions were made at baseline and at the end of the seven-week experimental period. In the sugar-free gum study, the weighted mean total mineral loss (Az) difference [(wk7 - wk0) x (-1)] was 788 vol.% min. x μm for the gum, corresponding to remineralization of 18.2%, vs. the control value of 526 vol.% min. x μm, 12.1% remineralization (p = 0.07). There were no significant differences for the surface-zone (p = 0.20) and lesion-body (p = 0.28) values. In the sucrose-containing gum study, the Az difference was 743 vol.% min. x μm for the gum, corresponding to a remineralization of 18.3%, vs. the control value of 438 vol.% min. x μm, 10.8% remineralization (p = 0.08). The surface-zone values were not significantly different (p = 0.55). For the lesion body, however, the sucrose-containing gum value of 6.11 vol.% min. was significantly different (p = 0.01) from that of the control (2.81 vol.% min.).

The Evaluation of Different Treatments of Incipient Caries Lesions: An in Situ Study of Progression Using Fluorescence-based Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
M Diniz ◽  
P Campos ◽  
M Souza ◽  
R Guaré ◽  
C Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Caries Lesion ◽  
Diagnodent Pen ◽  
Incipient Caries ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

Clinical Relevance Effective methods to control incipient caries lesions are needed. In this investigation, several methods provide encouraging results. SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate in situ the inhibition of incipient caries lesion progression using different treatment protocols and to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescence-based methods (DIAGNOdent, DIAGNOdent pen, and VistaProof fluorescence camera [FC]) in monitoring this process. The research was conducted in four phases: (1) at baseline, (2) after a first cariogenic challenge, (3) after treatment modalities, and (4) after a second cariogenic challenge. Sixteen volunteers used intraoral acrylic palatal appliances, each containing six enamel blocks (n=96). The cariogenic challenge was performed using a 20% sucrose solution over a 14-day period. The appliances were removed eight times a day and, upon removal, two drops of the solution were placed onto each enamel block. The enamel blocks were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: fluoride varnish ([FV] Duraphat; n=32), resin infiltrant ([RI] Icon; n=32), and adhesive system ([AS] Scotchbond; n=32). At the end of each phase, the surface microhardness (SMH) was measured, and two trained examiners evaluated the specimens using fluorescence-based methods. In addition, integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZ; vol%.min x μm) and lesion depth (ΔLD; μm) were evaluated using transverse microradiography. A two-way analysis of variance and a Tukey post hoc test were calculated (α=5%). Significant differences in SMH were observed according to the treatment, phases, and interaction of factors (p&lt;0.001). Treatment with FV resulted in significantly higher SMH values in phases 3 and 4 compared to RI and AS, with the last two treatments resulting in similar values (p&gt;0.05). The ΔΔZ value was similar for FV and AS but significantly higher for RI (p=0.016). ΔLD was not significantly different among the groups (p=0.126). Significant differences in the measurement of fluorescence for each fluorescence-based method were observed between each phase of the study (p&lt;0.05). It can be concluded that all treatments were effective in inhibiting the in situ progression of incipient lesions, although to different degrees, with minor mineral loss changes observed for the AS and FV. Besides, all fluorescence-based methods tested, except for that using the FC device, were effective in monitoring caries lesion progression.

scholarly journals Inhibition of enamel mineral loss by fissure sealant: An in situ study

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz ◽  
Fernanda Miori Pascon ◽  
Francisco Humberto Nociti ◽  
Cinthia P. Machado Tabchoury ◽  
Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
Keyword(s):  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Mineral Loss

scholarly journals In Situ Investigation of the Remineralizing Effect of Saliva and Fluoride on Enamel Following Prophylaxis Using Sodium Bicarbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 040-046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladis Benjamina Grazziotin ◽  
Daniela Rios ◽  
Heitor Marques Honório ◽  
Salete Moura Bonifácio Silva ◽  
José Eduardo Oliveira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Enamel Structure ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRACTObjectives: This in situ study evaluated the effect of saliva, associated or not with fluoride, on enamel previously submitted to prophylaxis using sodium bicarbonate. Methods: The study was conducted on enamel blocks submitted to in vitro prophylaxis using sodium bicarbonate. The blocks were randomly divided into 2 groups (G1/G2) and mounted on intraoral appliances wore by 10 volunteers. G1 blocks were directly exposed to saliva in situ, while blocks in G2 were exposed to saliva with fluoride (rinsing with 0.2% NaF solution during the initial minute). Enamel alterations were evaluated using surface microhardness and profilometry. Enamel hardness data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests and surface wear was evaluated using paired t test (P<.05). Results: No significant differences were found between G1 and G2 for enamel hardness and wear. The wear after prophylaxis was not different from the wear after the in situ stage. Baseline mean values of enamel hardness, after prophylaxis and after the in situ stage were 340±16.6, 329±35.7 and 354±37.8 for G1 and 338±15.6, 312±46.3 and 340±21.8 for G2, respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that saliva alone exhibited a similar effect to saliva associated with fluoride; after 4h of in situ remineralization, there was no recovery in height of the enamel structure that had been lost due to the application of sodium bicarbonate. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:40-46)

Effect of Lesion Baseline Severity and Mineral Distribution on Remineralization and Progression of Human and Bovine Dentin Caries Lesions

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lippert ◽  
David Churchley ◽  
Richard J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Root Caries ◽  
Mineral Distribution ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Baseline Severity ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

The aims of this laboratory study were to compare the effects of lesion baseline severity, mineral distribution and substrate on remineralization and progression of caries lesions created in root dentin. Lesions were formed in dentin specimens prepared from human and bovine dentin using three protocols, each utilizing three demineralization periods to create lesions of different mineral distributions (subsurface, moderate softening, extreme softening) and severity within each lesion type. Lesions were then either remineralized or demineralized further and analyzed using transverse microradiography. At lesion baseline, no differences were found between human and bovine dentin for integrated mineral loss (ΔZ). Differences in mineral distribution between lesion types were apparent. Human dentin lesions were more prone to secondary demineralization (ΔΔZ) than bovine dentin lesions, although there were no differences in ΔL. Likewise, smaller lesions were more susceptible to secondary demineralization than larger ones. Subsurface lesions were more acid-resistant than moderately and extremely softened lesions. After remineralization, differences between human and bovine dentin lesions were not apparent for ΔΔZ although bovine dentin lesions showed greater reduction in lesion depth L. For lesion types, responsiveness to remineralization (ΔΔZ) was in the order extremely softened > moderately softened > subsurface. More demineralized lesions exhibited greater remineralization than shallower ones. In summary, some differences exist between human and bovine dentin and their relative responsiveness to de- and remineralization. These differences, however, were overshadowed by the effects of lesion baseline mineral distribution and severity. Thus, bovine dentin appears to be a suitable substitute for human dentin in mechanistic root caries studies.

scholarly journals Remineralizing Efficacy of a CPP-ACP Cream on Enamel Caries Lesions in situ

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel ◽  
Richard J. Wierichs ◽  
Timo Schellwien ◽  
Sebastian Paris
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

The aim of this double-blind, randomized, cross-over in situ study was to compare the remineralizing effects induced by the application of casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate complexes (CPP-ACP)-containing cream (without fluoride) after the use of fluoride toothpaste with the prolonged use of fluoride toothpaste on enamel caries lesions in situ. During each of three experimental legs of 4 weeks, 13 participants wore intra-oral mandibular appliances with 8 pre-demineralized bovine enamel specimens in the vestibular flanges mimicking either ‘easily cleanable' or ‘proximal' surfaces (n = 312). The three randomly allocated treatments were as follows: (1) application of CPP-ACP-containing cream (GC Tooth Mouse, non-fluoride) after the use of fluoride toothpaste (1,400 ppm NaF; TM), (2) prolonged application of fluoride toothpaste (1,400 ppm NaF; positive control, PC) and (3) prolonged application of fluoride-free toothpaste (negative control, NC). Additionally, one of each of the two flanges was brushed twice daily with the respective toothpaste. The differences in integrated mineral loss as assessed by transversal microradiography were calculated between values before and after the in situ period. Changes in mineral loss were analysed for those pairs of subgroups differing in only one of the three factors (intervention, brushing and position). The PC treatment induced a significantly higher mineral gain compared with the TM and NC treatments. No significant differences between TM and NC for both positions were observed. In conclusion, the additional use of a CPP-ACP-containing cream seems to be less efficacious in remineralizing caries lesions than the prolonged application of fluoride toothpaste. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

Frequency of Fluoride Dentifrice Use and Caries Lesions Inhibition and Repair

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Figueiredo Nóbrega ◽  
Constanza Estefany Fernández ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury ◽  
Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Fluoride Dentifrice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Caries Lesions

The clinical relevance of the frequency of fluoride dentifrice (FD) use on enamel caries is based on evidence. However, the relative effect of FD on reduction of demineralization or enhancement of remineralization is unknown and the effect of frequency on root dentine caries has not been explored. The aim of this double-blind, crossover, in situ study, which was conducted in 4 phases of 14 days each, was to evaluate the relationship between the frequency of FD use and enamel and root dentine de- and remineralization. Eighteen volunteers wore palatal appliances containing enamel and root dentine slabs, either sound or carious. Biofilm accumulation on the slab surface was allowed, and 20% sucrose solution was dripped 3 or 8 times per day on the carious and sound slabs, respectively. Volunteers used FD (1,100 μg F/g) in the frequencies 0 (fluoride-placebo dentifrice), 1, 2 and 3 times per day. The demineralization and remineralization that occurred in sound or carious slabs was estimated by the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) or recovery (%SHR). Loosely (CaF2) and firmly (FAp) bound fluoride concentrations were also determined. The relationship between the variables was analyzed by linear regression. The %SHL, CaF2 and FAp concentrations were a function of the frequency of FD use for enamel and dentine, but the %SHR was a function of the frequency of FD use only for enamel (p < 0.05). The results suggest that demineralization in enamel and root dentine is reduced in proportion to the frequency of FD use, but for remineralization the effect of the frequency of FD use was relevant only to enamel.

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