GLUT2 and TAS1R2 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Dental Caries

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie Izakovicova Holla ◽  
Petra Borilova Linhartova ◽  
Svetlana Lucanova ◽  
Jakub Kastovsky ◽  
Kristina Musilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Czech Population ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
The Common ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Dental caries is one of the most frequent multifactorial diseases. Among the numerous factors influencing the risk of caries, genetics plays a substantial role, with heritability ranging from 40 to 60%. Gene variants affecting taste preference and glucose transport were recently associated with caries risk. The aim of this study was to analyze two common polymorphisms in the sweet taste receptor (TAS1R2) and glucose transporter (GLUT2) genes in children with dental caries and healthy controls in the Czech population. Methods: A total of 637 unrelated Caucasian children, aged 11-13 years, were included in this case-control study. One hundred and fifty-five subjects were caries-free (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, DMFT = 0) and 482 children were caries-affected (DMFT ≥ 1). The TAS1R2 (Ile191Val, rs35874116) and GLUT2 (Thr110Ile, rs5400) genotypes were determined using the 5′ nuclease TaqMan® assay for allelic discrimination. Results: Compared with subjects with the common Thr allele, carriers of the Ile allele of GLUT2 had significantly more frequently dental caries (p < 0.05, OR = 1.639, 95% CI: 1.089-2.466). Similarly, children with the Val allele for the TAS1R2 Ile191Val polymorphism were more frequently affected by caries than children who carried the Ile allele (p < 0.05, OR = 1.413, 95% CI: 1.014-1.969). In contrast, no significant associations between GLUT2 and/or TAS1R2 polymorphisms and fillings were found, but allele frequencies of the TAS1R2 variant were marginally significantly different between children with DMFT = 0 and DMFT ≥1 (p = 0.053, OR = 1.339, 95% CI: 0.996-1.799). However, no significant interaction between both genes and risk of dental caries was found. Conclusions: In conclusion, GLUT2 and TASR1 polymorphisms may influence the risk of caries in the Czech population.

scholarly journals Taste Sensitivity and Taste Preference among Malay Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur—A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Ler Sheang Lim ◽  
Xian Hui Tang ◽  
Wai Yew Yang ◽  
Shu Hwa Ong ◽  
Nenad Naumovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Control Study

The taste and food preferences in children can affect their food intake and body weight. Bitter and sweet taste sensitivities were identified as primary taste contributors to children’s preference for consuming various foods. This pilot study aimed to determine the taste sensitivity and preference for bitter and sweet tastes in a sample of Malaysian children. A case–control study was conducted among 15 pairs of Malay children aged 7 to 12 years. Seven solutions at different concentrations of 6-n-propylthiouracil and sucrose were prepared for testing bitterness and sweet sensitivity, respectively. The intensity of both bitter and sweet sensitivity was measured using a 100 mm Labelled Magnitude Scale (LMS), while the taste preference was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. The participants were better at identifying bitter than sweet taste (median score 6/7 vs. 4/7). No significant differences were detected for both tastes between normal-weight and overweight groups [bitter: 350 vs. 413, p = 0.273; sweet: 154 vs. 263, p = 0.068], as well as in Likert readings (bitter 9 vs. 8: p = 0.490; sweet 22 vs. 22: p = 0.677). In this sample of Malay children, the participants were more sensitive to bitterness than sweetness, yet presented similar taste sensitivity and preference irrespective of their weight status. Future studies using whole food samples are warranted to better characterize potential taste sensitivity and preference in children.

Association of Sweet Taste Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Dental Caries Experience in School Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eda Haznedaroğlu ◽  
Meliha Koldemir-Gündüz ◽  
Nur Bakır-Coşkun ◽  
Hasan M. Bozkuş ◽  
Penbe Çağatay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Heterozygous Genotype ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Polymorphic Genotype

Sweet taste is a powerful factor influencing food acceptance. The peripheral taste response to sugar is mediated by the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 taste receptors. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between TAS1R2 (rs35874116 or rs9701796) and/or TAS1R3 (rs307355) single nucleotide polymorphisms with dental caries experience in schoolchildren. A total of 184 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 12 years (101 girls, 83 boys) were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples and the genotypes were identified by qPCR. The genotype frequencies were as follows: 6.6% for homozygous wild type, 41.8% for heterozygous and 51.6% for homozygous polymorphic genotype carriers of TAS1R2 gene rs35874116; 27.8% for heterozygous and 72.2% for homozygous polymorphic genotype carriers of TAS1R2 gene rs9701796, and 83.1% for homozygous wild type and 16.9% for heterozygous genotype carriers of TAS1R3 gene rs307355 polymorphism. A significant association was observed between total caries experience (dft + DMFT - decayed filled primary teeth + decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth) and TAS1R2 rs35874116 (p = 0.008) and TAS1R3 rs307355 (p = 0.04) gene polymorphisms but not for TAS1R2 gene rs9701796 polymorphism. TAS1R3 gene rs307355 polymorphism has been found to be an independent risk factor for dental caries experience by logistic regression analysis and to have increased the risk of caries. Moderate caries experience (4-7 caries) was found to be associated with TAS1R3 rs307355 heterozygous genotype, whereas high-risk caries experience (>8 caries) was found to be associated with TAS1R2 rs35874116 homozygous polymorphic genotype.

scholarly journals Allelic Variation in Taste Genes Is Associated with Taste and Diet Preferences and Dental Caries

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Eriksson ◽  
Anders Esberg ◽  
Simon Haworth ◽  
Pernilla Lif Holgerson ◽  
Ingegerd Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Diet Preferences

Taste and diet preferences are complex and influenced by both environmental and host traits while affecting both food selection and associated health outcomes. The present study genotyped 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in previously reported taste and food intake related genes and assessed associations with taste threshold (TT) and preferred intensity (PT) of sweet, sour and bitter, food preferences, habitual diet intake, and caries status in healthy young Swedish men and women (n = 127). Polymorphisms in the GNAT3, SLC2A4, TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 genes were associated with variation in TT and PT for sweet taste as well as sweet food intake. Increasing PT for sweet was associated with increasing preference and intake of sugary foods. Similarly, increasing TT for sour was associated with increasing intake of sour foods, whereas the associations between food preference/intake and TT/PT for bitter was weak in this study group. Finally, allelic variation in the GNAT3, SLC2A2, SLC2A4, TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 genes was associated with caries status, whereas TT, PT and food preferences were not. It was concluded that variations in taste receptor, glucose transporter and gustducin encoding genes are related to taste perception, food preference and intake as well as the sugar-dependent caries disease.

scholarly journals Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0256989
Author(s):  
Paul A. S. Breslin ◽  
Akiko Izumi ◽  
Anilet Tharp ◽  
Tadahiro Ohkuri ◽  
Yoshiaki Yokoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Detection ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Glucose Signaling ◽  
Sweet Taste Receptor ◽  
Class 1

The taste stimulus glucose comprises approximately half of the commercial sugar sweeteners used today, whether in the form of the di-saccharide sucrose (glucose-fructose) or half of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Therefore, oral glucose has been presumed to contribute to the sweet taste of foods when combined with fructose. In light of recent rodent data on the role of oral metabolic glucose signaling, we examined psychopharmacologically whether oral glucose detection may also involve an additional pathway in humans to the traditional sweet taste transduction via the class 1 taste receptors T1R2/T1R3. In a series of experiments, we first compared oral glucose detection thresholds to sucralose thresholds without and with addition of the T1R receptor inhibitor Na-lactisole. Next, we compared oral detection thresholds of glucose to sucralose and to the non-metabolizable glucose analog, α-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (MDG) without and with the addition of the glucose co-transport component sodium (NaCl). Finally, we compared oral detection thresholds for glucose, MDG, fructose, and sucralose without and with the sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. In each experiment, psychopharmacological data were consistent with glucose engaging an additional signaling pathway to the sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 pathway. Na-lactisole addition impaired detection of the non-caloric sweetener sucralose much more than it did glucose, consistent with glucose using an additional signaling pathway. The addition of NaCl had a beneficial impact on the detection of glucose and its analog MDG and impaired sucralose detection, consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. The addition of the SGLT inhibitor phlorizin impaired detection of glucose and MDG more than it did sucralose, and had no effect on fructose, further evidence consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. Together, these results support the idea that oral detection of glucose engages two signaling pathways: one that is comprised of the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor and the other that utilizes an SGLT glucose transporter.

Dysregulation of Intestinal Glucose Transporter and Sweet Taste Receptor Expression in Critical Illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-194
Author(s):  
Richard L. Young ◽  
Adam M. Deane ◽  
Bridgette Chia ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
L. Ashley Blackshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Sweet Taste Receptor

ACE Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Associated with Caries in Permanent but Not Primary Dentition in Czech Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Borilova Linhartova ◽  
Jakub Kastovsky ◽  
Michaela Bartosova ◽  
Kristina Musilova ◽  
Lenka Zackova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Czech Population ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Dental caries is a multifactorial, infectious disease where genetic predisposition plays an important role. Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has very recently been associated with caries in Polish children. The aim of this study was to analyze ACE I/D polymorphism in a group of caries-free children versus subjects affected by dental caries in the Czech population. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 182 caries-free children (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, DMFT = 0), 561 subjects with dental caries (DMFT ≥1) aged 13-15 years and 220 children aged 2-6 years with early childhood caries (ECC, dmft ≥1) were included. Genotype determination of ACE I/D polymorphism in intron 16 was based on the TaqMan method. Results: Although no significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies between the caries-free children and those affected by dental caries were observed, statistically significant differences between the children with DMFT = 0 and the subgroup of 179 patients with high caries experience (DMFT ≥4; p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were detected. The comparison of DD versus II+ID genotype frequencies between the patients with DMFT ≥1 or DMFT ≥4 and healthy children also showed significant differences (31.5% or 35.6% vs. 23.6%, p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively). A gender-based analysis identified a significant difference in the DD versus II+ID genotype frequencies only in girls (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant association of ACE I/D polymorphism with ECC in young children was found (p > 0.05). Conclusions:ACE I/D polymorphism may be associated with caries in permanent but not primary dentition, especially in girls in the Czech population.

Effect of taste receptor protein T1R3 on the development of islet tissue of the murine pancreas

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
V. O. Murovets ◽  
E. A. Sozontov ◽  
T. G. Zachepilo
Keyword(s):  
Parent Strain ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Knockout Animals

Protein T1R3, the main subunit of sweet, as well as amino acid, taste receptor, is expressed in the epithelium of the tongue and gastro intestinal tract, in β–cells of the pancreas, hypothalamus, and numerous other organs. Recently, convincing witnesses of T1R3 involvement in control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and control of production of incretines and insulin, have been determined. In the study on Tas1r3-gene knockout mouse strain and parent strain C57Bl/6J as control, priority data concerning the effect of T1R3 on the morphological characteristics of Langerhans islets in the pancreas, are obtained. In Tas1r3 knockout animals, it is found that the size of the islets and their density in pancreatic tissue are reduced, as compared to the parent strain. Additionally, a decrease of expression of active caspase-3 in islets of gene-knockouts is demonstrated. The obtained data show that the lack of a functional, gene encoding sweet-taste receptor protein causes a dystrophy of the islet tissue and associates to the development of pathological changes in the pancreas specific to type-2 diabetes and obesity in humans.

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