Enteroviruses, Coliphages, and Indicator Bacteria in Various Water Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
D. Zohar ◽  
Z. Steinhauer ◽  
E. Artzi ◽  
I. Ben Harim
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Indicator Bacteria

scholarly journals A Norwalk-like virus waterborne community outbreak in a Swedish village during peak holiday season

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CARRIQUE-MAS ◽  
Y. ANDERSSON ◽  
B. PETERSÉN ◽  
K.-O. HEDLUND ◽  
N. SJÖGREN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Holiday Season ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Permanent Residents ◽  
Boiled Water

An outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Norwalk-like virus (NLV) affecting approximately 500 people occurred in a Swedish ski resort during February–March 2002. Epidemiological investigations were performed on cohorts of schoolchildren, permanent residents and skiers visiting the area. Attack rates were respectively 39·7, 29·9 and 38·5%. Drinking un-boiled water originating from one of the three communal water systems was a significant risk factor for all groups. For schoolchildren, the risk of illness increased with increasing amount of water consumed. Nine of 12 stool samples of patients analysed tested positive for NLV. The water tested negative for indicator bacteria and results of NLV tests were inconclusive. In the absence of microbiological findings, the environmental authorities were reluctant to act based on the epidemiological analysis alone, and intervention was delayed until mid-April, following the discovery of a crack in a sewage pipe 10 m from the well.

Delivering Sustainable Water Systems Using Kalman Filter and Statistical Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Dedy Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filtering ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Burst Event ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Frequency Features

This paper presents the results of work undertaken to develop and test contrasting data analysis approaches for the detection of bursts/leaks and other anomalies within wate r supply systems at district meter area (DMA)level. This was conducted for Yorkshire Water (YW) sample data sets from the Harrogate and Dales (H&D), Yorkshire, United Kingdom water supply network as part of Project NEPTUNE EP/E003192/1 ). A data analysissystem based on Kalman filtering and statistical approach has been developed. The system has been applied to the analysis of flow and pressure data. The system was proved for one dataset case and have shown the ability to detect anomalies in flow and pres sure patterns, by correlating with other information. It will be shown that the Kalman/statistical approach is a promising approach at detecting subtle changes and higher frequency features, it has the potential to identify precursor features and smaller l eaks and hence could be useful for monitoring the development of leaks, prior to a large volume burst event.

Relationship between chloride and microbial contamination on water systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Bruno Monte Gomes ◽  
Suely Torquato Ribeiro ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Freire Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Systems

EMBRYONIC HAEMOPOIESIS IN EARLY ONTOGENY OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPIUS)

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Anna Viktorovna Pirog ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Lozhnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Active Feeding ◽  
Hemopoietic Organ ◽  
Hemopoietic Organs

The study of the growth of blood cells and hemopoietic organs of claravia catfish ( Clarias gariepius ) grown in the closed loop water systems on the basis of "RANTOP AGRO-5" LLC in the Krasnodar region. Test materials (prolarvae and larvae aged 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days of active feeding) were selected in the spring-summer period of 2013-2014. Prolarvae in mesenchyma of forming mesonephros which begins to develop after hatching had primordial precursor cell and blast blood cells between forming vesicles. There took place differentiation of erythropoietic cells: erythroblasts, pronormoblasts and basophilic normoblasts. Accumulation of hemoglobin in erythrocytes indicates that since the first day of hatching, the blood starts to perform transport function - transportation of oxygen. The rudiment of thymus was observed in larvae aged 10 days. This organ generated lymphocytepoietic cells. The central hemopoietic organ - spleen - was originally registered as a mesenchymal rudiment at the age of 10 days. At the age of 25 days, development of the organ stroma is not finished in clarid catfish larvae. Reticular tissues develop actively. Separate lymphoid clumps in the spleen structure have not been found. Melano-macrofagic centres are also unformed. Qualitative analysis of haemopoiesis showed that in spleen there take place development of all types of blood cells: erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis and agranulopoiesis.

Structure and Dynamics of Crucians’ Settlements (Cypriniformes, Carassius) in Water Systems of Eastern Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
S. V. Mezhzherin ◽  
A. V. Kulish ◽  
S. V. Kokodiy
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Competitive Relations

Abstract The analysis of present-day crucians’ settlements in water systems of Eastern Ukraine designated the predominance of the digeneous Goldfish, C. auratus, in the region, the number of which made 78.7 %, from the total number of the examined representatives of the genus. The second group consists of gynogenetic Prussian carps, C. gibelio (14.3 %); it is represented by the clone biotype and recombinant individuals. Crucian carp, C. carassius (3.6 %), turned out to be rare and its number did not exceed the number of the caught hybrids C. auratus × C. carassius (3.4 %). The retrospective analysis of literature data and museum collections gave an opportunity to describe the changes in species composition of the genus which took place during the last 150 years. Within this period the crucian carp, which used to be the single and most common representative of genus Carassius (Jarocki, 1822) in the region, became nearly an extinct species. In the meanwhile the representatives of the group of species of Prussian carps, C. auratus + C. gibelio, which appeared in the region in the late 1960s, rapidly increased their number and became the most numerous fish of the Eastern Ukraine. The discovered tendency is not unique for the researched region; in general it reflects the European tendency for the crucian species. The reasons for that are rivers’ regulation and destruction of bottomland ecosystems. The secondary factors for the elimination of C. carassius are the competitive relations of individuals representing both species and easy hybridization, during which the more numerous species C. auratus absorbs the rare C. carassius.

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