5 Trunk Region

2015 ◽  
pp. 73-94
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Region

Blood flow distribution in tissues of perfused rat hindlimb preparations

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. E441-E448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gorski ◽  
D. A. Hood ◽  
R. L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Contracting Muscle ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Fast Twitch

Aerobic muscle metabolism during concentrations requires adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery. Since the perfused rat hindquarter (HQ) has become widely used for muscle stimulation, we examined the blood flow distribution, using 15 microns radiolabeled microspheres, and oxygen consumption of the HQ, using different commonly used perfusion protocols. Perfusion via the abdominal aorta resulted in well-matched (r = 0.90) blood flows between tissues of both hindlimbs that were proportional to total perfusion inflow. Blood flows to the high-oxidative fast-twitch and slow-twitch red muscle sections were three- to fourfold greater than flows to sections of low-oxidative fast-twitch white muscle. However, a large fraction (28%) of the total inflow went to the trunk region, even though all apparent arterial branches to the trunk region were ligated. This trunk mass accounts for at least 40% of the total metabolic responses of the HQ and diverts a large blood flow that is often presumed to supply the hindlimbs. As a result, muscle performance of the distal hindlimb muscle during stimulation can be inordinately poor. Ligation of the iliac artery to the contralateral limb improves blood flow to the remaining hindlimb but does not eliminate trunk blood flow. In contrast, perfusion via the femoral artery restricted 95% of the inflow to the single hindlimb, thereby reducing the tissue mass perfused. Blood flow to the distal limb musculature was high, resulting in an enhanced muscle performance. Thus single hindlimb perfusion provides a preparation where the contracting muscle is a large fraction of the total tissue, and the venous effluent better reflects the metabolic events in the contracting muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Development of the peripheral nervous system in turtles; with reference to the evolution of the vertebrate trunk region

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. e63
Author(s):  
Masahumi Kawaguchi ◽  
Aki Watanabe ◽  
Hiromi Makiya ◽  
Hiroshi Nagashima ◽  
Takahiko Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Trunk Region

Effects of Experimentally Induced Fleece-rot on the Structure of the Skin of Merino Sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Hollis ◽  
RE Chapman ◽  
JA Hemsley
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Skin Samples ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Four medium- and six strong-wool Merino sheep were exposed to continuous simulated rain (4'5 mm/h) for periods ranging from 3 to 9 days. In response, the sheep developed characteristics typical of fleece-rot lesions such as exudative encrustation' and bacterial discoloration of the fleece. Skin samples were taken periodically for histological examination from the trunk region of the sheep prior to, during, and after wetting.

Diagnostic Features of Rana danieli (Anura: Ranidae) Tadpoles

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
M. K. Khare ◽  
A. K. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Line System ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Poison Glands ◽  
Abdominal Surface

Tadpoles of Rana danieli Pillai and Chanda were collected from temporary rain pools in marshy places at Umling situated at 296 m above sea level (91° 48’ E , 25°58’ N) about 65 km north of Shillong at Meghalaya hills. They are characterised by the keratodont formula 1:1+1/1+2:2, the presence of poison glands on the ventral and lateral abdominal surface, and a lateral line system on head and trunk region. Their structural features confirm the allocation of this species to the subgenus Hylarana.

scholarly journals Quantitative Fraction Evaluation of Dermal Collagen and Elastic Fibres in the Skin Samples Obtained in Two Orientations from the Trunk Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Satheesha Nayak Badagabettu ◽  
Keerthana Prasad ◽  
Ranjini Kudva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Elastic Fibres ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dermal Collagen ◽  
Lateral Chest ◽  
Skin Samples

Background. Histomorphic evaluation of dermal collagen and elastic fibres was analysed by image analysis technique. The quantification of dermal elements was performed in skin tissues, collected in horizontal and vertical directions from trunk region and discussed under the perspective of consequences of scar related complications.Materials and Method. Total number of 200 skin samples collected from 5 areas of trunk region were processed histologically and subjected to tissue-quant image analysis. Statistical analysis involving mean with SEM and pairedttest by SPSS were employed to the percentage values obtained from image analysis.Result. Among the chosen 5 areas of trunk region, abdomen showed the statistically significant difference for both collagen and elastic content between horizontal and vertical orientations (P< 0.05), whereas upper back, presternal, and lateral chest areas showed significant difference (P< 0.05) only for collagen and groin only for elastic content.Conclusion. The differences in the distribution of dermal collagen and elastic fibres in 2 directions of the samples from the same areas might be attributed to final outcome of wound healing process by influencing the appearance and behaviour of scar related complications in the region of trunk.

Neurulation in the anterior trunk region of the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio

1993 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Schmitz ◽  
Cyrus Papan ◽  
Jos� A. Campos-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Anterior Trunk

Stable Neurocutaneous Melanosis in a Ten-Year-Old Boy with Controlled Partial-Complex Seizures

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
A.H. El Beltagi ◽  
H. Fahmy ◽  
N. Nasef ◽  
A. Norbash ◽  
D. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Neurocutaneous Melanosis ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Trunk Region

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare neuroectodermal dysplasia that includes both central nervous system (CNS) and integumentary melanocytic abnormalities. NCM can present with varied clinical and imaging findings, classically presenting with large melanocytic nevi involving the posterior axial trunk region. We describe a case with predominant small non-scalp and non posterior axial-trunk nevi, which nevertheless demonstrated typical CNS imaging findings. Our case clinically presented with epilepsy that was controlled by medical treatment. The patient also demonstrated motor developmental delay, and an otherwise stable course.

scholarly journals Postcrania of large dissorophid temnospondyls from Richards Spur, Oklahoma

Fossil Record ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Gee ◽  
Robert R. Reisz
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Karst System ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Anterior Trunk ◽  
Posterior Trunk ◽  
Postcranial Anatomy

Abstract. The early Permian karst system near Richards Spur, Oklahoma preserves a diverse assemblage of terrestrial dissorophoid temnospondyls. Here we report the presence of a large-bodied dissorophine dissorophid that is represented by an articulated anterior trunk region, including a partial pectoral girdle, a ribcage characterized by extremely developed uncinate processes, and a rare, completely articulated pes. This represents the first documentation of the clade at the locality. Previously, dissorophids were represented only by the eucacopine Cacops. A complete pelvic girdle with hindlimbs is also referred to Cacops and represents the first material of the posterior trunk region to be described from the genus at Richards Spur. These specimens expand the taxonomic diversity known from the site and provide significant, well-preserved postcranial material that improves the characterization of dissorophid postcranial anatomy.

scholarly journals Histology shows that elongated neck ribs in sauropod dinosaurs are ossified tendons

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Klein ◽  
Andreas Christian ◽  
P. Martin Sander
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Cervical Ribs ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

The histology of cervical ribs of Sauropoda reveals a primary bone tissue, which largely consists of longitudinally oriented mineralized collagen fibres, essentially the same tissue as found in ossified tendons. The absence of regular periosteal bone and the dominance of longitudinal fibres contradict the ventral bracing hypothesis (VBH) postulated for sauropod necks. The VBH predicts histologically primary periosteal bone with fibres oriented perpendicular to the rib long axis, indicative of connective tissue between overlapping hyperelongated cervical ribs. The transformation of the cervical ribs into ossified tendons makes the neck more flexible and implies that tension forces acted mainly along the length of the neck. This is contrary to the VBH, which requires compressive forces along the neck. Tension forces would allow important neck muscles to shift back to the trunk region, making the neck much lighter.

scholarly journals Anthropological analysis of projectile trauma to the bony regions of the trunk

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Humphrey ◽  
Maciej Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Sternum Fracture

AbstractBallistics literature often focuses on soft tissue injures and projectile trauma to the cranium. Minimal details on the bony characteristics of projectile trauma to the thorax/abdomen regions have been published. This study aims to analyse projectile trauma to the bony trunk region including the ribs, vertebrae, scapula, sternum and the hip bone to form a better understanding of the characteristics and biomechanics of skeletal trauma caused by a projectile and contribute to the existing database on skeletal trauma caused by projectiles. Fourteen cases of documented projectile trauma to the bony regions of the trunk from the Hamman-Todd Human Osteological Collection at the Cleveland Natural History Museum, Ohio were analysed. Of the 14 individuals with gunshot wounds examined, 40 wounds occurred to the bones. Twenty- four injuries to the ribs, 1 ilium, 11 vertebrae, 3 scapulae, and 1 sternum. Fracture patterns, heaving and bevelling can be used to determine the direction of travel of the projectile which can be evident on the ribs, sternum, scapula and ilium. It is critical to understand the wounding patterns associated with projectile trauma to the torso region as this is often targeted, due to being the centre of mass.

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