scholarly journals Histology shows that elongated neck ribs in sauropod dinosaurs are ossified tendons

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Klein ◽  
Andreas Christian ◽  
P. Martin Sander
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Cervical Ribs ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

The histology of cervical ribs of Sauropoda reveals a primary bone tissue, which largely consists of longitudinally oriented mineralized collagen fibres, essentially the same tissue as found in ossified tendons. The absence of regular periosteal bone and the dominance of longitudinal fibres contradict the ventral bracing hypothesis (VBH) postulated for sauropod necks. The VBH predicts histologically primary periosteal bone with fibres oriented perpendicular to the rib long axis, indicative of connective tissue between overlapping hyperelongated cervical ribs. The transformation of the cervical ribs into ossified tendons makes the neck more flexible and implies that tension forces acted mainly along the length of the neck. This is contrary to the VBH, which requires compressive forces along the neck. Tension forces would allow important neck muscles to shift back to the trunk region, making the neck much lighter.

Biological Response to Wollastonite Doped α-Tricalcium Phosphate Implants in Hard and Soft Tissues in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Minarelli Gaspar ◽  
Sybele Saska ◽  
R. García Carrodeguas ◽  
A.H. De Aza ◽  
P. Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Rat Bone

The biological response following subcutaneous and bone implantation of β-wollastonite(β-W)-doped α-tricalcium phosphate bioceramics in rats was evaluated. Tested materials were: tricalcium phosphate (TCP), consisting of a mixture of α- and β-polymorphs; TCP doped with 5 wt. % of β-W (TCP5W), composed of α-TCP as only crystalline phase; and TCP doped with 15 wt. % of β-W (TCP15), containing crystalline α-TCP and β-W. Cylinders of 2x1 mm were implanted in tibiae and backs of adult male Rattus norvegicus, Holtzman rats. After 7, 30 and 120 days, animals were sacrificed and the tissue blocks containing the implants were excised, fixed and processed for histological examination. TCP, TCP5W and TCP15W implants were biocompatible but neither bioactive nor biodegradable in rat subcutaneous tissue. They were not osteoinductive in connective tissue either. However, in rat bone tissue β-W-doped α-TCP implants (TCP5W and TCP15W) were bioactive, biodegradable and osteoconductive. The rates of biodegradation and new bone formation observed for TCP5W and TCP15W implants in rat bone tissue were greater than for non-doped TCP.

The case of fibrous osteodystrophy (Recklinghausen disease)

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
N. A. Serebrennikov
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Recklinghausen Disease

In 1891, Recklinghausen first accurately described fibrous osteodystrophy, putting forward five main provisions that determine the essence of this disease: 1) replacement of cellular and adipose bone marrow with fibrous connective tissue; 2) resorption of bone tissue by lacunar suction; 3) metaplastic and partially osteoblastic neoplasm of osteoid and bone tissue; 4) tumor-like growths of fibrous and giant cell tissue, such as epulids, resembling giant cell sarcomas with a brown tint due to the presence of hemosiderin in the growths - "Braune tumoren" - by German authors.

scholarly journals Bioinspired mineralized collagen scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1491-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwei Li ◽  
Tianming Du ◽  
Changshun Ruan ◽  
Xufeng Niu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES CAUSED BY THE LARVAE OF HYPODERMA BOVIS (L.) AND HYPODERMA LINEATUM (DE VILL.) (DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE) IN TISSUES OF CATTLE

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Epidural Fat ◽  
Suppurative Inflammation

The lesions in submucosal and adventitial connective tissue of the oesophagus of cattle caused by the migrating larvae of Hypoderma lineatum (De Vill.), consist of pseudocystic areas and tracks of a gelatinous fibrinous exudate containing necrotic cellular debris and collagen fibres in various stages of dissolution surrounded by accumulations of eosinophils and lymphocytes. The larvae feed on the dissolved connective tissue. These changes suggest that migration through the tissues is mainly by enzymic dissolution of collagen fibres and ground substance. Similar changes were found in the connective tissue surrounding the muscles of "licked beef". The larvae of H. bovis (L.) in the epidural fat cause areas of fat necrosis and sometimes invade the periosteum and dura. The greenish colour of the tracks is due to infiltrations of eosinophils. The warble shows a mixed picture of chronic granulomatous and non-suppurative inflammation, encapsulated by dense fibrous tissue. The larva is surrounded by a vascular layer of granulation tissue infiltrated with eosinophils, large mononuclears and plasma cells. Numerous giant cell systems and pseudotubercles are present. The larvae feed on the exudate within the warble cavity. Areas of suppuration are rarely found. The healing of the warble and the reaction to dead larvae are described.

scholarly journals Unique morphogenetic signatures define mammalian neck muscles and associated connective tissues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglantine Heude ◽  
Marketa Tesarova ◽  
Elizabeth M. Sefton ◽  
Estelle Jullian ◽  
Noritaka Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Genetic Networks ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Lateral Plate

ABSTRACTIn vertebrates, head and trunk muscles develop from different mesodermal populations and are regulated by distinct genetic networks. Neck muscles at the head-trunk interface remain poorly defined due to their complex morphogenesis and dual mesodermal origins. Here, we use genetically modified mice to establish a 3D model that integrates regulatory genes, cell populations and morphogenetic events that define this transition zone. We show that the evolutionary conserved cucullaris-derived muscles originate from posterior cardiopharyngeal mesoderm, not lateral plate mesoderm, and we define new boundaries for neural crest and mesodermal contributions to neck connective tissue. Furthermore, lineage studies and functional analysis of Tbx1- and Pax3-null mice reveal a unique genetic program for somitic neck muscles that is distinct from that of somitic trunk muscles. Our findings unveil the embryological and developmental requirements underlying tetrapod neck myogenesis and provide a blueprint to investigate how muscle subsets are selectively affected in some human myopathies.

scholarly journals Reparative histogenesis of bone tissue in femoral fractures in rats using biocomposite material along with immunocorrection

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
V. V. Reshetnyak ◽  
V. V. Burdeyniy ◽  
V. V. Pronin ◽  
Ye. A. Iskaliev
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Bone Callus ◽  
Biocomposite Material

The paper studies the effect of the RVI biocomposite material belonging to the group of osteoplastic biocomposite materials, the RV-2 immunomodulator – a synthetic dipeptide inducing an immunocorrective effect, and combinations of these drugs on the reparative histogenesis of bone tissue in femoral fractures in rats. It was found that the remodeling of the primary bone callus into the secondary one in the fracture of the studied animals was of a diverse nature. This process was the most pronounced in the group where the components were used in complex, i.e. the bone defect was filled with RVI during the surgery, as well as RV-2 was injected intramuscularly to rats at a dose of 10 mcg per 1 kg of live weight for five days, starting immediately after the surgery. Well-formed coarse-fibrous connective tissue callus was recorded in animals of this group. The connective tissue was stained more intensely which indicates a denser arrangement of fibers in the callus. Focal cartilage tissue spanning bone fragments was observed within the callus. At the periphery of the site the cartilaginous callus was subjected to endochondral ossification with replacement by coarse-fibrous trabeculae with elements of lamellar bone tissue having haversian canals in the center. The inter-girdle spaces were filled with elements of the myeloid bone marrow in the forming bone tissue. Markedly proliferated osteoblasts were visible in the cambial layer of the periosteum. The bone tissue ratio increased up to (60.21 ± 2.62)%, which significantly exceeded the same indicator in the control group and in all experimental groups. The low content of connective tissue and the high ratio of bone tissue indicated more active osteogenesis processes and reparative regeneration in comparison with other groups.

scholarly journals The effect of genotype on dressing percentage and tissue content of beef carcasses

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
V. Bogdanovic ◽  
S. Aleksic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
B. Miscevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Tissue Content ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
F1 Generation

Differences in dressing percentage and content of different tissues in carcasses of Domestic Spotted breed and crosses F1 generation with Charolais and Limousine breed were investigated. Total of 30 carcass sides were dissected, 10 in each genetic group. Genotype exhibited very significant effect (p<0,01) on dressing percentage and content of tissues, except for connective tissue. The highest dressing percentage was determined in crosses with Charolais (59,92%) followed by crosses with Limousine (59,85%), with statistically significant difference (p<0,01) to dressing percentage established for heads of domestic Simmental breed (55,71%). Crosses with Charolais and Limousine realized considerably higher content of muscle tissue (81,5% and 80,7%) compared to heads of domestic Simmental breed (77,86%). Content of bone tissue of 16,45% in carcasses of domestic Simmental breed was considerably higher (p<0,01) compared to both groups of crosses, whereas the content of fat and connective tissue was considerably higher (p<0,05) only in relation to crosses with Limousine.

scholarly journals Histopathological evaluation of bone regeneration using human resorbable demineralized membrane

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
Zoran Tatic ◽  
Novak Stamatovic ◽  
Marija Bubalo ◽  
Snezana Jancic ◽  
Alek Racic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Bony Defect ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Bony Healing ◽  
The Right

Background/Aim. Filling a bone defect with bone substitution materials is a therapy of choice, but the infiltration of connective tissue from the mucoperiostal flap may compromise a healing of bone substitutions with bony wall defects. Application of membrane as a barrier is indicated as a solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to show a pathohistological view of bone regeneration and the significance of human resorbable demineralized membrane (HRDM), 200 ? thick in bone regeneration regarding mandibular defects in an experiment on dogs. Methods. The experiment was performed on six dogs. Bone defects were created in all six dogs on the right side of the mandible after the elevation of the mucoperiostal flap. One defect was filled with human deproteinised bone (HDB), and in between HDB and soft tissue RHDM of 200 ? thick was placed. In the second defect, used as a control one, only HDB without RHDM was placed. Two dogs were sacrificed two months after the surgery, another two dogs four months after the surgery and the last two dogs six months after the surgery. After that, samples of bone tissue were taken for histopathological analysis. Results. In all the six dogs with defects treated with HDB and RHDM the level of bone regeneration was much higher in comparison with the control defects without RHDM. Conclusion. Membrane, as a cover of bony defect, is useful and benefits bone regeneration. Bony defects covered with RHDM show better bony healing despite the fact that bone regeneration was not fully complete for as long as six months after the RHDM implantation.

General Principles and Special Features of Histological and Immunohistochemical Methods of Bone Tissue Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Yana Paromova ◽  
Nadejda Timofeeva ◽  
Elena Maslova ◽  
Olga Obukhova ◽  
Kirill Voronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods

The detailed research and analysis of modern data on the problem of methods of histological and immunohistochemical researches of connective tissue, bone in particular, was conducted by us so as to evaluate the possibility of creating a single method of bone tissue immunohistochemical analysis.The description was given in detail to most widespread methods of preparation of connective, bone in particular, tissues for the research conduction during experiments connected with the study of bone tissue regeneration including implants with bioactive coverage. The present-day medical data reflects a variety of methods of immunohistochemistry, as well as the experience of their use in complex trauma surgery. However, there is no consensus about which method and material are most reliable when conducting this analysis.

scholarly journals Mammalian bone palaeohistology: a survey and new data with emphasis on island forms

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kolb ◽  
Torsten M. Scheyer ◽  
Kristof Veitschegger ◽  
Analia M. Forasiepi ◽  
Eli Amson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Bone Cortex ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Mammalian Bone

The interest in mammalian palaeohistology has increased dramatically in the last two decades. Starting in 1849 via descriptive approaches, it has been demonstrated that bone tissue and vascularisation types correlate with several biological variables such as ontogenetic stage, growth rate, and ecology. Mammalian bone displays a large variety of bone tissues and vascularisation patterns reaching from lamellar or parallel-fibred to fibrolamellar or woven-fibred bone, depending on taxon and individual age. Here we systematically review the knowledge and methods on cynodont and mammalian bone microstructure as well as palaeohistology and discuss potential future research fields and techniques. We present new data on the bone microstructure of two extant marsupial species and of several extinct continental and island placental mammals. Extant marsupials display mainly parallel-fibred primary bone with radial and oblique but mainly longitudinal vascular canals. Three juvenile specimens of the dwarf island hippopotamidHippopotamus minorfrom the Late Pleistocene of Cyprus show reticular to plexiform fibrolamellar bone. The island muridMikrotia magnafrom the Late Miocene of Gargano, Italy displays parallel-fibred primary bone with reticular vascularisation and strong remodelling in the middle part of the cortex.Leithiasp., the dormouse from the Pleistocene of Sicily, is characterised by a primary bone cortex consisting of lamellar bone and a high amount of compact coarse cancellous bone. The bone cortex of the fossil continental lagomorphProlagus oeningensisand three fossil species of insularProlagusdisplays mainly parallel-fibred primary bone and reticular, radial as well as longitudinal vascularisation. Typical for large mammals, secondary bone in the giant rhinocerotoidParaceratheriumsp. from the Late Oligocene of Turkey is represented by dense Haversian bone. The skeletochronological features ofSinomegaceros yabei, a large-sized deer from the Pleistocene of Japan closely related toMegaloceros, indicate a high growth rate. These examples and the synthesis of existing data show the potential of bone microstructure to reveal essential information on life history evolution. The bone tissue and the skeletochronological data of the sampled island species suggest the presence of various modes of bone histological modification and mammalian life history evolution on islands to depend on factors of island evolution such as island size, distance from mainland, climate, phylogeny, and time of evolution.

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