Influence of Intrauterine Malnutrition on Brain Development: Alteration of Brain Cell Lipid Composition Associated with Defective Myelination

2015 ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bourre ◽  
O. Morand ◽  
C. Chanez ◽  
O. Dumont ◽  
M. Flexor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Cell Lipid ◽  
Intrauterine Malnutrition

Influence of Intrauterine Malnutrition on Brain Development: Alteration of Myelination

Neonatology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Bourre ◽  
O. Morand ◽  
C. Chanez ◽  
O. Dumont ◽  
M.A. Flexor
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Intrauterine Malnutrition

scholarly journals Significance of Lipid Composition in a Blood-Brain Barrier–Mimetic PAMPA Assay

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Campbell ◽  
Karen J. Regina ◽  
Evan D. Kharasch
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Lipid ◽  
Passive Permeability ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Cell Lipid ◽  
Drug Access

Endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier limit drug access into the brain, due to tight junctions, membrane drug transporters, and unique lipid composition. Passive permeability, thought to mediate drug access, is typically tested using porcine whole-brain lipid. However, human endothelial cell lipid composition differs. This investigation evaluated the influence of lipid composition on passive permeability across artificial membranes. Permeability of CNS-active drugs across an immobilized lipid membrane was determined using three lipid models: crude extract from whole pig brain, human brain microvessel lipid, and microvessel lipid plus cholesterol. Lipids were immobilized on polyvinylidene difluoride, forming donor and receiver chambers, in which drug concentrations were measured after 2 h. The log of effective permeability was then calculated using the measured concentrations. Permeability of small, neutral compounds was unaffected by lipid composition. Several structurally diverse drugs were highly permeable in porcine whole-brain lipid but one to two orders of magnitude less permeable across human brain endothelial cell lipid. Inclusion of cholesterol had the greatest influence on bulky amphipathic compounds such as glucuronide conjugates. Lipid composition markedly influences passive permeability. This was most apparent for charged or bulky compounds. These results demonstrate the importance of using species-specific lipid models in passive permeability assays.

Observations préliminaires sur l'accumulation d'hydrocarbures chez Candida steatolytica: relation avec la synthèse des lipides

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elisabetta Guerzoni ◽  
Paolo Lambertini ◽  
Agostino Cavazza ◽  
Rosa Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Lipomyces Starkeyi ◽  
Cell Lipid ◽  
Branched Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lipid Fractions

Different cell lipid accumulation and composition patterns were observed in the yeasts Lipomyces starkeyi and Candida steatolytica by varying the nutritive conditions. In Lipomyces starkeyi 303 which accumulates high levels of lipids as triglycerides, the composition of the different lipid fractions was relatively unaffected by the culture medium. In contrast, the lipid composition of Candida steatolytica 20C was strongly affected by the composition of the medium under conditions of nitrogen limitation and when starch was used as the carbon source, high levels of straight and branched hydrocarbons were observed. [Traduction de l'auteur]

scholarly journals Translational control in neurovascular brain development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kleanthi Chalkiadaki ◽  
Elpida Statoulla ◽  
Maria Markou ◽  
Sofia Bellou ◽  
Eleni Bagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Mature Brain ◽  
Health And Disease

The human brain carries out complex tasks and higher functions and is crucial for organismal survival, as it senses both intrinsic and extrinsic environments. Proper brain development relies on the orchestrated development of different precursor cells, which will give rise to the plethora of mature brain cell-types. Within this process, neuronal cells develop closely to and in coordination with vascular cells (endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes) in a bilateral communication process that relies on neuronal activity, attractive or repulsive guidance cues for both cell types and on tight-regulation of gene expression. Translational control is a master regulator of the gene-expression pathway and in particular for neuronal and ECs, it can be localized in developmentally relevant (axon growth cone, endothelial tip cell) and mature compartments (synapses, axons). Herein, we will review mechanisms of translational control relevant to brain development in neurons and ECs in health and disease.

Effect of cell lipid composition on the formation of nonspecific antibiotic resistance in alkanotrophic rhodococci

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Kuyukina ◽  
I. B. Ivshina ◽  
M. I. Rychkova ◽  
O. B. Chumakov
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cell Lipid

scholarly journals Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Miya Su ◽  
Arvind K. Subbaraj ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
Xiaoyan Qi ◽  
Hongxin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Weanling Rats

Holistic benefits of human milk to infants, particularly brain development and cognitive behavior, have stipulated that infant formula be tailored in composition like human milk. However, the composition of human milk, especially lipids, and their effects on brain development is complex and not fully elucidated. We evaluated brain lipidome profiles in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula using non-targeted UHPLC-MS techniques. We also compared the lipid composition of human milk and infant formula using conventional GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD techniques. The sphingomyelin class of lipids was significantly higher in brains of rats fed human milk. Lipid species mainly comprising saturated or mono-unsaturated C18 fatty acids contributed significantly higher percentages to their respective classes in human milk compared to infant formula fed samples. In contrast, PUFAs contributed significantly higher percentages in brains of formula fed samples. Differences between human milk and formula lipids included minor fatty acids such as C8:0 and C12:0, which were higher in formula, and C16:1 and C18:1 n11, which were higher in human milk. Formula also contained higher levels of low- to medium-carbon triacylglycerols, whereas human milk had higher levels of high-carbon triacylglycerols. All phospholipid classes, and ceramides, were higher in formula. We show that brain lipid composition differs in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula, but dietary lipid compositions do not necessarily manifest in the brain lipidome.

2-Hydroxyoleic acid, a potent antitumor drug, induces disorder of cell membranes by altering cell lipid composition

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. S29-S30
Author(s):  
M. Laura Martin ◽  
Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn ◽  
M. Antònia Noguera-Salvà ◽  
Rodrigo de Almeida ◽  
Pablo V. Escribá
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Antitumor Drug ◽  
Cell Lipid
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