Transcription of Corynebacterium glutamicum Genes Involved in Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Cycle

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Ok Han ◽  
Masayuki Inui ◽  
Hideaki Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle

THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID AND GLYOXYLATE CYCLES IN XANTHOMONAS PHASEOLI (XP8)

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Madsen ◽  
R. M. Hochster
Keyword(s):  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acetate Medium ◽  
Terminal Oxidation ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

Cell-free extracts of Xanthomonas phaseoli contain the individual enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and it is suggested that this is the main pathway for the terminal oxidation of carbohydrate in this organism. X. phaseoli can grow on a medium containing acetate as the sole source of carbon. Cell-free extracts of such acetate-grown organisms contain the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, and it is concluded that the operation of this cycle permits the initial stages of synthesis of complex cell material from acetate at a rate sufficiently high to account for the observed rate of growth on the acetate medium. The two enzymes required to modify a tricarboxylic acid cycle into a glyoxylate cycle are present in very small amounts (malate synthetase) or absent entirely (isocitritase) in extracts of glucose-grown X. phaseoli.

scholarly journals Correlation of dicarboxylic acid cycle with tricarboxylic acid cycle in highly productive pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
K. S. Ostrenko ◽  
V. P. Galochkina ◽  
V. О. Lemiasheuski ◽  
A. V. Agafonova ◽  
A. N. Ovcharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Acid Cycle

The paper is the fundamental beginning of research series aimed at understanding the processes associated with high performance in higher animals. The research aim is to study correlation of dicarboxylic acid cycle with tricarboxylic acid cycle with establishment of activity and dislocation of enzymes, confirming the hypothesis of availability and active metabolic participation of peroxisome in highly productive animals. Research was conducted on the basis of the VNIIFBiP animal vivarium in 2019 with a group of piglets of the Irish Landrace breed (n = 10). After slaughter at the age of 210 days, the nuclear (with large tissue particles), mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions of the liver were studied with assessment of succinate dehydrogenase and activity of other dehydrogenes of the Krebs cycle. It was found that peroxisomes act as universal agents of communication and cooperation, and microtelets are able to generate various chemical signals that carry information, to control and arrange a number of mechanisms in the metabolic processes in the body. Despite the fact that the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases are considered mitochondrial enzymes, the experiment showed an increase in activity of priruvate dehydrogenase (P > 0.1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (0.1 > P > 0.05) and malate dehydrogenase (0.1 > P > 0.05), which, when comparing the mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions, indicates a higher activity of peroxisomal fractions. The peroxisome localization place is the postmitochondrial fraction, and the lower layer contains larger peroxisomes to a greater extent, while the upper layer contains smaller ones. It was found that indicator enzymes of glyoxylate cycle isocitratliase and malate synthase exhibit catalytic activity in the peroxisomal fraction of liver of highly productive pigs. The obtained data on functioning of key glyoxylate cycle enzymes and their intracellular compartmentalization in highly productive pigs allow learning more about the specifics of metabolism and its regulation processes. Application of this knowledge in practice opens up prospects for rationalizing the production of livestock products of increased quantity, improved quality with less feed, labor and financial resources spent.

THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE, THE GLYOXYLATE CYCLE, AND THE ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret von Tigerstrom ◽  
J. J. R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

The enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glucose oxidation, and hydrogen transport were measured in extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown with glucose, α-ketoglutarate, or acetate as sole carbon source. The specific activity of isocitritase was increased 25-fold by growth on acetate whereas malate synthetase was increased only 4-fold. All of the enzymes of glucose metabolism, operative at the hexose level, were inducible. The enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were present under all conditions of growth but extracts from acetate-grown cells contained only one-quarter of the fumarase and pyruvic oxidase activity and half the malate-oxidizing activity of the other extracts. Transhydrogenase, NADH oxidase, and NADPH oxidase activities were similar in each type of extracts. Most of the enzymes were present in the soluble cytoplasm, exceptions being glucose oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and NADH oxidase.

The tricarboxylic acid pathway in Desulfovibrio

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 916-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Lewis ◽  
J. D. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Pathway

Strains of two species of Desulfovibrio were examined for enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related pathways. Pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) is present, and α-ketoglutarate is formed via the tricarboxylic acids. Glutamate, but not succinyl-CoA, arises from α-ketoglutarate. A pathway exists from pyruvate by malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.39) activity to malate, then fumarate and succinate, again with no evidence of succinyl-CoA formation. The enzymes concerned with metabolism of these dicarboxylic acids show greater activity in the strains that can grow by fumarate dismutation. Glutamate (or glutamine), α-ketoglutarate, and yeast extract repress the enzymes that metabolize the tricarboxylic acids. There appears to be no glyoxylate cycle in Desulfovibrio vulgaris or D. desulfuricans.

scholarly journals The localization of enzymes of intermediary metabolism in Astasia and Euglena

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bégin-Heick
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

Results are presented on the intracellular localization of some of the enzymes of gluconeogenesis, of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and of related enzymes in Astasia and Euglena grown with various substrates. The results indicate the particulate nature of at least part of the malate synthase of Astasia and of part of the malate synthase and isocitrate lyase in Euglena. However, the presence of glyoxysomes (microbodies) in Astasia and Euglena is still open to question, since it has not, so far, been possible to separate the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle from succinate dehydrogenase in the particulate fraction.

A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COMBINED TRICARBOXYLIC ACID - GLYOXYLATE CYCLES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-872
Author(s):  
R. M. R. Branion ◽  
B. F. J. Caddick ◽  
W. B. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Combined Operation ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

The problem of interpreting data on the distribution of isotopic carbon in intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle is discussed. An effort is made to examine mathematically the effects of cycling on the distribution of isotope in the carbon skeletons of intermediates of these cycles. Consideration is given to the individual cycles and to combinations of the two. Because the systems are highly complex, a number of simplifying assumptions are made which limit the usefulness of the equations derived for dealing with experimental data. However, some significant features of labelling that result from combined operation of the two cycles are emphasized, which should make it possible to estimate their relative contributions more reliably than by qualitative inspection of the data.

scholarly journals Metabolic Engineering of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle for Improved Lysine Production by Corynebacterium glutamicum

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (24) ◽  
pp. 7866-7869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Becker ◽  
Corinna Klopprogge ◽  
Hartwig Schröder ◽  
Christoph Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Lysine Production ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
The Tca Cycle

ABSTRACT In the present work, lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum was improved by metabolic engineering of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The 70% decreased activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase, achieved by start codon exchange, resulted in a >40% improved lysine production. By flux analysis, this could be correlated to a flux shift from the TCA cycle toward anaplerotic carboxylation.

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