scholarly journals Analyzing the Coordination Relationship between Urban Built Environment and Traffic Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tian Li ◽  
Haobin Jiang ◽  
Peng Jing ◽  
Mengmeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
City Center ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Ownership Choice ◽  
Traffic Level ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
The City

The coordination relationship between urban built environment and transport system is an indispensable field in the study of urban planning. Recent research efforts in built environment and transport system have focused on the effects of built environment on travel behaviors, such as car ownership, choice of travel mode, and travel frequency. These travel behaviors will affect the traffic level. However, research studies on direct assessments of links between built environment and traffic level are still limited. This paper aims to fill this gap by modeling with data envelopment analysis based on Point of Interest (POI) data and floating car data collected in Jinan, China. It is found that the coordination relationship between built environment and traffic level is poor in Jinan. With regard to the built environment input index, the distance from the city center has the greatest influence on the coordination relationship. And for the built environment output index, bus stop influences the coordination relationship most significantly. This research can support the provision of quantitative basis for the formulation of governance priorities for traffic governance policies.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of redesigned street-scale built environments on access/egress pedestrian flows to metro stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Liu ◽  
Dujuan Yang ◽  
Harry J. P. Timmermans ◽  
Bauke de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
City Center ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
The City

AbstractIn urban renewal processes, metro line systems are widely used to accommodate the massive traffic needs and stimulate the redevelopment of the local area. The route choice of pedestrians, emanating from or going to the metro stations, is influenced by the street-scale built environment. Many renewal processes involve the improvement of the street-level built environment and thus influence pedestrian flows. To assess the effects of urban design on pedestrian flows, this article presents the results of a simulation model of pedestrian route choice behavior around Yingkoudao metro station in the city center of Tianjin, China. Simulated pedestrian flows based on 4 scenarios of changes in street-scale built environment characteristics are compared. Results indicate that the main streets are disproportionally more affected than smaller streets. The promotion of an intensified land use mix does not lead to a high increase in the number of pedestrians who choose the involved route when traveling from/to the metro station, assuming fixed destination choice.

The Astu of Athens

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-174
Author(s):  
Jessica Paga
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
City Center ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Ritual Landscape ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

This chapter evaluates buildings in the astu (city center) of Athens, excluding the Akropolis and Agora. Buildings and monuments within distinct areas are treated together in order to consider the broader impact of discrete sectors of the city. The chapter concludes with an examination of the sight lines and viewing axes that crisscross the city, connected to and independent of the roadways and paths. These sight lines, axes, and roads link various parts of the city together via the built environment, thereby underscoring relationships in both architectural form and function. The chapter emphasizes how the changes to the built environment in the late sixth and early fifth centuries also transformed the ritual landscape and lived experience of the astu.

scholarly journals A Spatiotemporal Study and Location-Specific Trip Pattern Categorization of Shared E-Scooter Usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12527
Author(s):  
Maximilian Heumann ◽  
Tobias Kraschewski ◽  
Tim Brauner ◽  
Lukas Tilch ◽  
Michael H. Breitner
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
City Center ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Density Based Clustering ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Cluster

This study analyzes the temporally resolved location and trip data of shared e-scooters over nine months in Berlin from one of Europe’s most widespread operators. We apply time, distance, and energy consumption filters on approximately 1.25 million trips for outlier detection and trip categorization. Using temporally and spatially resolved trip pattern analyses, we investigate how the built environment and land use affect e-scooter trips. Further, we apply a density-based clustering algorithm to examine point of interest-specific patterns in trip generation. Our results suggest that e-scooter usage has point of interest related characteristics. Temporal peaks in e-scooter usage differ by point of interest category and indicate work-related trips at public transport stations. We prove these characteristic patterns with the statistical metric of cosine similarity. Considering average cluster velocities, we observe limited time-saving potential of e-scooter trips in congested areas near the city center.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN VISIBILITAS BANGUNAN LAMA, STUDI KASUS JALAN KREMBANGAN BARAT SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Setyo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Vision Technique ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Technique Analysis

Title: The Improvement of Old Building Visibility, Krembangan Barat Street of Surabaya as of Case Study High development in the City center forces old building losing its existence. The main factor old buildings losing its existences are the lack of skyline guideline (new buildings obstruct the view toward old buildings), the changes of traffic direction, and the selection of vegetation type. This paper discusses a brief evaluation of old building visibility through visual experiences, and gives a schematic design as proposal for jalan Krembangan Barat. Serial vision technique analysis is addressed in order to gain the visual and spatial experiences of the built environment. Result shows that three spots of place should be improved in order to perceive the visibility by rehabilitating, adaptive re-using, and providing pedestrian ways to connect one potential spot to others in the corridor of Krembangan Barat.

scholarly journals Measuring the Urban Forms of Shanghai’s City Center and Its New Districts: A Neighborhood-Level Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8481
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
Xueming (Jimmy) Chen ◽  
Anne Vernez Moudon
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Large Center ◽  
Center City ◽  
The City ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Rapid urban expansion has radically transformed the city centers and the new districts of Chinese cities. Both areas have undergone unique redevelopment and development over the past decades, generating unique urban forms worthy of study. To date, few studies have investigated development patterns and land use intensities at the neighborhood level. The present study aims to fill the gap and compare the densities of different types of developments and the spatial compositions of different commercial uses at the neighborhood level. We captured the attributes of their built environment that support instrumental activities of daily living of 710 neighborhoods centered on the public elementary schools of the entire Shanghai municipality using application programming interfaces provided in Baidu Map services. The 200 m neighborhood provided the best fit to capture the variations of the built environment. Overall, city center neighborhoods had significantly higher residential densities and housed more daily routine destinations than their counterparts in the new districts. Unexpectedly, however, the total length of streets was considerably smaller in city-center neighborhoods, likely reflecting the prominence of the wide multilane vehicular roads surrounding large center city redevelopment projects. The findings point to convergence between the city center’s urban forms and that of the new districts.

scholarly journals The Influence of Spatial Grid Division on the Layout Analysis of Urban Functional Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Shaohua Luo ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Mingyi Du ◽  
Siyan Gao ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Density ◽  
City Center ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Spatial Grids ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Grid Division ◽  
And Training

The identification of urban functional areas is essential for urban planning and sustainable development. Spatial grids are the basic units for the implementation of urban plans and management by cities or development zones. The emergence of internet “big data” provides new ideas for the identification of urban functional areas. Based on point of interest (POI) data from Baidu Maps, the Xicheng District of Beijing was divided into grids with side lengths of 200, 500, and 1000 m in this study. The kernel density method was used to analyze the spatial structure of POI data. Two indicators, that is, the frequency density and category ratio, were then used to identify single- and mixed-functional areas. The results show that (1) commercial and financial areas are concentrated in the city center and multiple business centers have not developed; (2) scenic areas account for the largest proportion of single-functional areas in the Xicheng District of Beijing, followed by education and training, residence, and party and government organizations areas; and (3) the 200 × 200 m and 500 × 500 m grids are the most suitable for the identification of single- and mixed-functional areas, respectively.

scholarly journals Study of the transport system and its impact on urbanized areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Alexander Kryakhtunov ◽  
Karina Ainullina
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Road ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
The Status ◽  
The City

Currently, the transport infrastructure plays a decisive role in the development of the city. For the development of the transport system of the territory, it is necessary to develop a whole range of measures to improve both the organization of traffic and transport infrastructure, which implies the creation of parking space, logistics of passenger and cargo transportation and other aspects. Tyumen, being a rapidly developing city and transport hub, objectively suffers from insufficient development of the road transport network. A significant problem is the congestion of the city center, which increases the travel time to the center from residential areas of the city. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the strategic plans for the development of transport infrastructure to assess the potential of the city of Tyumen, which is rapidly approaching the status of a millionaire city, the core of a large agglomeration.

scholarly journals Zmiany dostępności transportowej mieszkańców miasta w obliczu organizacji wystaw światowych na przykładzie Expo Horticultura w Łodzi

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Paulina Kurzyk
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
City Center ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Face ◽  
The City ◽  
World Exhibitions ◽  
International Events

Jednym z najważniejszych wydarzeń międzynarodowych, które pozwalają na daleko idącą promocję kraju, miejsca czy regionu są wystawy światowe zwane Expo. Celem poniższego artykułu jest ocena zmian dostępności transportowej terenów, na których ma odbyć się wystawa Expo Horticultural w Łodzi, na podstawie analizy systemu transportowego i liczby ludności przed i w trakcie organizacji imprezy. Analizowany obszar jest warty uwagi, ponieważ stanowi pierwsze z miast gospodarzy, które zdecydowało się na organizację tego typu wydarzenia niemal w centrum miasta, co jest wyzwaniem dla całego systemu transportowego. W pracy posłużono się analizami sieciowymi. Poniższe wyniki badań dowodzą, że wybrana lokalizacja wystawy spowoduje pogorszenie dostępności transportowej tego obszaru. [Changes in transport accessibility of city residents in the face of the organization of world exhibitions on the example of Expo Horticultura in Łódź] One of the most important international events that allow for far-reaching promotion of a country, place or region are world exhibitions called Expo. The purpose of the article below is to assess the changes in transport accessibility of the areas where the Expo Horticultural exhibition in Łódź is to be held, based on the analysis of the transport system and the number of people before and during the organization of the event. The analyzed area is noteworthy because it is the first host city that decided to organize such an event almost in the city center, which is a challenge for the entire transport system. Network analyzes were used in the work. The research results below prove that the chosen exhibition location will deteriorate the transport accessibility of this area.

scholarly journals Application of German State Policy Practice Towards Carsharing in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
V. V. Mashinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
City Center ◽  
German State ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
System A ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Business Conditions ◽  
The City

Carsharing is one of the major recent trends in urban mobility in many countries of Asia, Europe and North America. Russia is one of the leading countries in the industry in terms of growth rates and fleet volume in certain market segments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the key features of German carsharing market and policies regarding carsharing and highlight the possibilities of their application in Russia. As a result of the study a number of recommendations for carsharing development in Russia were outlined. According to several studies, stationbased schemes seem to be environmentally more beneficial compared to free-float carsharing. Station-based carsharing stimulation should be considered as a means to facilitate the development of the industry. A new metamobility policy is required, which implies carsharing, public transport, micromobility and private cars all become part of a single multimodal transport system. A transparent regulatory framework is required. New billing and payment methods, combined tariffs and a single mobile application for all means of public transport and carsharing should be considered as viable measures to stimulate the development of carsharing industry and transport system in general. Parking fees for carsharing should be reduced or waived. Leasing subsidies and preferential business conditions should be introduced to support carsharing operators. Additional taxes for personal vehicles as well as fees for parking and entering the city center using private transport should also stimulate carsharing development.

Modernism, Space and the City

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
Jean Rhys ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Blaise Cendrars ◽  
Stephen Spender ◽  
Christopher Isherwood ◽  
The City

This innovative book examines the development of modernism in four European cities: London, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna. Focusing upon how literary and cultural outsiders represented various spaces in these cities, it draws upon contemporary theories of affect, mood, and literary geography to offer an original account of the geographical emotions of modernism. It considers three broad features of urban modernism: the built environment of the particular cities, such as cafés or transport systems; the cultural institutions of publishing that underpinned the development of modernism in these locations; and the complex perceptions of writers and artists who were outsiders to the four cities. Particular attention is thus given to the transnational qualities of modernism by examining figures whose view of the cities considered is that of migrants, exiles, or strangers. The writers and artists discussed include Mulk Raj Anand, Gwendolyn Bennett, Bryher, Blaise Cendrars, Joseph Conrad, T. S. Eliot, Christopher Isherwood, Hope Mirlees, Noami Mitchison, Jean Rhys, Sam Selon, and Stephen Spender.

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