scholarly journals Development and Validation of a LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Soft-Shell Turtle Powder Health Food Supplement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
EunChae Ryu ◽  
Ji Sung Park ◽  
Sib Sankar Giri ◽  
Se Chang Park
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Soft Shell ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Nitrofuran Metabolites

Soft-shell turtle (SST; freshwater terrapin or tortoise) is a popular and important health functional food (HFF) product in many Asian countries. HFFs containing SST must be safe, but several HFFs have been found to be contaminated with dangerous substances, such as nitrofuran metabolites (NFMs). This finding suggests that the consumption of HFFs results in the regular exposure of vulnerable individuals to hazardous substances. Importantly, nitrofuran antibiotics have been banned for use in food-producing animals since the 1990s by the European Union. Thus, in this study, we propose a reliable and quick method to reduce the time required for the detection of four NFMs in SST powder that conventional methods are unable to quantify. Our method involves the derivatization and hydrolysis of SST powder and was validated in accordance with the requirements of European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The method achieves an apparent mean recovery of 82.2–108.1%, repeatability of 1.5–3.8%, and reproducibility of 2.2–4.8% for 0.5–10.0 μg kg−1 of 1-aminohydantoin, semicarbazide, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone, and 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone. In addition, linearity was achieved with correlation coefficients of 0.999, and the detection capability (CCβ) and decision limit (CCα) were found to be reliable, indicating that this is a fast and accurate method for the analysis of SST powder. The validated method was successfully applied to detect NFMs in SST powder in commercial HHFs.

A Comparison of Disease Assessment Methods for Southern Stem Rot of Peanut

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Rideout ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
K. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Southern stem rot (caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) traditionally has been assessed based on the percentage of infected 30.5-cm row segments, commonly referred to as disease incidence. Several alternative disease assessment methods were evaluated in four fungicide trials during the growing season (aboveground ratings) and immediately after peanut inversion (belowground ratings). Pearson's correlation coefficients compared disease assessments and yields for all trials. Across all disease assessment methods, belowground assessments at inversion showed a stronger correlation with yield than in-season aboveground assessments. Several of the alternative assessment methods showed a stronger negative correlation with yield than did the traditional disease incidence rating. However, none of the alternative methods were consistently more precise across all assessment dates and trials. There was a significant positive correlation between many of the alternative methods and the traditional disease incidence method. Furthermore, none of the alternative methods was better than the traditional method for detecting differences among fungicide treatments when subjected to ANOVA and subsequent Waller-Duncan mean separation tests (k-ratio = 100). Based on comparisons of the time required to assess disease intensity, the traditional disease assessment method was found to be the most time efficient method of those tested in this study.

Role of Water-Energy-Waste Inter-Relatedness to Drive Sustainability amid Climate Concerns

2017 ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Salil K. Sen ◽  
Junya Pookayaporn
Keyword(s):  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
A Value ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Global Citizenry ◽  
Infrastructure Health

The Sustainability value parity framework is proposed to deepen the understanding of the importance of ‘inter-relatedness' of water-energy-waste with the goal of balancing water usage, aligning energy intensity and optimizing waste utilization. Generic waste that is burgeoning is a deterrent to the practice of sustainability that aligns water, energy, infrastructure, health, food, and lifestyle (Sachs, 2007). This chapter delineates the gap between globalization at the macro-level and global citizenry at the grassroots-base and posits a value bridge assessed by appropriate thresholds of water - energy - waste. The emergent need to strengthen climate resilience and to usher into the sustainable pathway of climate-proofed development needs tuning of processes, lifestyle, hazardous substances and consumption. Climate change manifests as an over-arching risk that is strewn with unpredictability, multiple dimensions, uncertainties, spikes, imbalances leading to inequity.

Role of Water-Energy-Waste Inter-Relatedness to Drive Sustainability amid Climate Concerns

2018 ◽  
pp. 614-629
Author(s):  
Salil K. Sen ◽  
Junya Pookayaporn
Keyword(s):  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
A Value ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Global Citizenry ◽  
Infrastructure Health

The Sustainability value parity framework is proposed to deepen the understanding of the importance of ‘inter-relatedness' of water-energy-waste with the goal of balancing water usage, aligning energy intensity and optimizing waste utilization. Generic waste that is burgeoning is a deterrent to the practice of sustainability that aligns water, energy, infrastructure, health, food, and lifestyle (Sachs, 2007). This chapter delineates the gap between globalization at the macro-level and global citizenry at the grassroots-base and posits a value bridge assessed by appropriate thresholds of water - energy - waste. The emergent need to strengthen climate resilience and to usher into the sustainable pathway of climate-proofed development needs tuning of processes, lifestyle, hazardous substances and consumption. Climate change manifests as an over-arching risk that is strewn with unpredictability, multiple dimensions, uncertainties, spikes, imbalances leading to inequity.

scholarly journals Action Boundary Proximity Effects on Perceptual-Motor Judgments

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1000-1008
Author(s):  
Caleb D. Johnson ◽  
Alice D. LaGoy ◽  
Gert-Jan Pepping ◽  
Shawn R. Eagle ◽  
Anne Z. Beethe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Proximity Effects ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Action Coupling

INTRODUCTION: Designed as a more ecological measure of reaction times, the Perception-Action Coupling Task (PACT) has shown good reliability and within-subject stability. However, a lengthy testing period was required. Perceptual-motor judgments are known to be affected by proximity of the stimulus to the action boundary. The current study sought to determine the effects of action boundary proximity on PACT performance, and whether redundant levels of stimuli, eliciting similar responses, can be eliminated to shorten the PACT.METHODS: There were 9 men and 7 women who completed 4 testing sessions, consisting of 3 familiarization cycles and 6 testing cycles of the PACT. For the PACT, subjects made judgments on whether a series of balls presented on a tablet afford “posting” (can fit) through a series of apertures. There were 8 ratios of ball to aperture size (B-AR) presented, ranging from 0.2 to 1.8, with each ratio appearing 12 times (12 trials) per cycle. Reaction times and judgment accuracy were calculated, and averaged across all B-ARs. Ratios and individual trials within each B-AR were systematically eliminated. Variables were re-averaged, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CVTE) were calculated in an iterative manner.RESULTS: With elimination of the 0.2 and 1.8 B-ARs, the PACT showed good reliability (ICC = 0.81–0.99) and consistent within-subject stability (CVTE = 2.2–14.7%). Reliability (ICC = 0.81–0.97) and stability (CVTE = 2.6–15.6%) were unaffected with elimination of up to 8 trials from each B-AR.DISCUSSION: The shortened PACT resulted in an almost 50% reduction in total familiarization/testing time required, significantly increasing usability.Johnson CD, LaGoy AD, Pepping G-J, Eagle SR, Beethe AZ, Bower JL, Alfano CA, Simpson RJ, Connaboy C. Action boundary proximity effects on perceptual-motor judgments. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(12):1000–1008.

Evaluation of the Potential of Fruit Peel Biomass after Conventional and Microwave Drying for Use as Solid Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Teixeira Charbel ◽  
Bernardo Damázio Trinchero ◽  
Diego Dornas Morais ◽  
Henrique Mesquita ◽  
Viviane Santos Birchal
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Conventional Drying ◽  
Pulp Processing ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Required

Searching for new sources of energy in order to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and also to preserve the environmentmeets thenecessityfor finding effective solutions to the problem of waste generated in different production levels.In juice pulp processing industrylarge volumes of waste are produced daily and can contribute, with its burning, for energy production. Once it is necessary the removal of moisture from the residue, this study evaluate the conventional drying and microwave drying of the biomass generated by peels of orange, mango and passion fruit with initial mean moisture content higher than 75%. The experiments were performed in oven at a temperature of 150°C and the average time for an almost complete withdrawal of peels studied was 130min. For drying by microwave with power of 900W, the average time required for the total reduction in moisture was 8.5min. The drying Page model was adjusted by non-linear regression to data obtained with correlation coefficients in all cases greater than 0.955. The higher heating value was rated equal to 16,25kJ/g, 19,62kJ/g, 16,35kJ/g for the peels of orange, mango and passion fruit, respectively. The average energy consumption for the drying process in the oven was 81,25kJ/gevaporated water and 12,07 kJ/gevaporatedwaterin the process by microwave, which indicates that drying using microwave is a very interesting option.

scholarly journals XXXIII.—I. On the Estimation of Carbon in Organic Substances by the Kjeldahl Method. II. Its Application to the Analysis of Potable Waters

1895 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-757
Author(s):  
Charles Hunter Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Method ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Applied Chemistry ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
The Will ◽  
Time Required

An easy and yet accurate method of determining carbon and nitrogen in organic substances has long been a desideratum, especially among those engaged in the application of chemistry to biological, hygienic, and agricultural questions. For the determination of nitrogen the method of Dumas, with its numerous modifications, is still the only one applicable in all cases, but the time required for it, and the manipulative dexterity necessary, has prevented its wide application for the above-named purposes. The method of Will and Varrentrap, though less generally applicable, is easier, and, until the publication of Kjeldahl's method, was most frequently used in applied chemistry. Kjeldahl claims for his method the same applicability and as great accuracy as the Will and Varrentrap method, with the added advantage of greater ease in working.

scholarly journals Immunological Actions ofSophy β-Glucan(β-1,3-1,6 Glucan), Currently Available Commercially as a Health Food Supplement

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 861-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobunao Ikewaki ◽  
Noboru Fujii ◽  
Takashi Onaka ◽  
Shinichiro Ikewaki ◽  
Hidetoshi Inoko
Keyword(s):  
Food Supplement ◽  
Health Food

Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced increase in intestinal permeability

2001 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. PLAYFORD ◽  
Christopher E. MACDONALD ◽  
Denis P. CALNAN ◽  
David N. FLOYD ◽  
Theo PODAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

A New, Accurate Method for the Measurement of Rise Velocities in Laminar Flames

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Boss ◽  
Gary M. Hieftje
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Laminar Flames ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Flame Velocity ◽  
Atomic Vapor ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Alkaline Earth Elements ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Small Cloud

A novel technique is introduced for the measurement of rise velocities of hot, laminar flames. The new technique is straightforward to implement, rapid to employ, and more accurate than previous methods based on the observation of moving heated particles. In the method, tiny individual droplets of a solution containing alkali or alkaline earth elements are repetitively introduced into the flame to be examined. The small cloud of atomic vapor which is produced upon atomization of a droplet is then monitored photometrically as it passes two well-defined points in the flame. Knowledge of the distance between the points and measurement of the time required for the atoms to traverse it thus enables the flame velocity to be calculated. Conveniently, velocity measurements with this technique are localized in the flame, thereby permitting spatial variations in flame velocity to be examined. Moreover, the negligible mass of the moving, measured atom cloud eliminates error otherwise caused by gravitational attraction and its decelerating effect. The utility of this new technique is demonstrated through the measurement of localized velocities in a laminar, air-acetylene flame.

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