scholarly journals Toxicological Characterization of Ten Medicinal Plants of the Beninese Flora Used in the Traditional Treatment of Diarrheal Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tamègnon Victorien Dougnon ◽  
Edna Hounsa ◽  
Eric Agbodjento ◽  
Hornel Koudokpon ◽  
Boris Legba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Probit Method

The use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is a common practice in developing countries. However, this unregulated or poorly rational use may present a dose-dependent risk of toxicity to humans. This study aimed to explore the phytochemical and toxicological characteristics of ten (10) plant species used in the traditional treatment of infectious diarrhea in Benin. The acute toxicity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Khaya senegalensis, Daniellia oliveri, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Vernonia amygdalina, Manihot esculenta, Ocimum gratissimum, Senna italica, Diospyros mespiliformis, Pterocarpus erinaceus, and Anacardium occidentale was evaluated following the OECD 423 protocol at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. This safety test was complemented by a larval cytotoxicity test. Hematological and biochemical examinations, as well as a histological study of the liver and kidneys, were performed. Larval cytotoxicity was assessed by the sensitivity of Artemia salina larvae to different concentrations of the plant extracts studied. Testing for chemical compounds was performed on the basis of differential staining and precipitation reactions. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by the probit method. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the plants studied revealed the presence of catechic tannins, gallic tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and sterol-terpenes, alkaloids, saponosides, and reducing compounds. This composition varied according to the plants studied. Acute toxicity data indicated that there was no mortality and no structural and functional alterations of the liver and kidneys of treated animals. Larval cytotoxicity data suggest that the plants studied are not cytotoxic (LC50 ≥ 0.1 mg/mL). These observations reflect the safety of these plants and justify their use in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases including diarrheal diseases.

scholarly journals Larval Cytotoxic and Subacute Toxicity of Gardenia ternifolia, Rourea coccinea, and Cassytha filiformis Used in Traditional Medicine of Benin (West Africa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E. Agbodjento ◽  
J. R. Klotoé ◽  
T. I. Sacramento ◽  
T. V. Dougnon ◽  
E. Déguenon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Probit Method ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is a common practice in developing countries. However, this unregulated or irrational use may pose a risk of toxicity to humans in the short and/or long term. Recent studies reported interesting ethnopharmacological, antioxidant, and phytochemical data on some medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of male infertility in Benin. Unfortunately, very little data exist on the long-repeated dose toxicity of these medicinal plants. This study was aimed at evaluating the larval cytotoxicity and subacute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of Cassytha filiformis whole plant, Gardenia ternifolia roots, and Rourea coccinea leaves. The subacute toxicity of these plants was evaluated in male Wistar albino rats at three different doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) according to the OECD 407 guidelines. Hematological and biochemical examinations and the histological study of the liver and kidneys were carried out. Larval cytotoxicity was assessed by the sensitivity of Artemia salina larvae to different concentrations of the studied plants extracts. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by the probit method. Subacute toxicity data indicated that there was no mortality or structural alterations of the liver and kidneys in the lot of treated animals. However, significant alterations in certain hematological and biochemical parameters (hematocrit, ASAT, and uremia) were noted. These abnormalities were observed in the lot of rats treated with Rourea coccinea and Cassytha filiformis extracts. Larval cytotoxicity data indicate that the studied plants extracts are not cytotoxic (LC50 > 0.1 mg/mL). These data suggest that the use in traditional medicine of studied plants at high doses and repeated over a long period of time requires special attention.

scholarly journals An ethnobotanical survey of seventeen plants species used against diarrhoea and other diseases in southern Benin (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victorien Dougnon ◽  
Eric Agbodjento ◽  
Edna Hounsa ◽  
Boris Brice Legba ◽  
Esther Deguenon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Informant Consensus ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽  
Southern Benin

Ethnobotanical relevance: Many plants are widely used in traditional medicine across Africa. In Benin, practitioners of Beninese traditional medicine make use of diverse medicinal plants in the traditional management of various diseases including diarrhoea. Aim of the study: This study aimed at highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses of 17 plants in the traditional treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases in southern Benin. Methods: An ethnomedicinal survey was carried out using the semi-structured interview method among practitioners of traditional medicine in Benin. This allowed for the identification of the traditional uses of these plants. The ethnobotanical data collected was analyzed using indices such as Use Value, Informant Consensus Factor and Fidelity Index of medicinal plants. A total of 72 informants participated in this study, including 52 market herbalists and 20 traditional healers. Results: The cited plants were involved in the treatment of 39 diseases and symptoms of diseases which have been divided into 15 categories. The most frequently mentioned disease categories were infectious-, blood and digestive diseases,offering treatement for malaria, diarrhoea and fever, amongst others. These plants have maximum potential for the treatment of infectious diseases, as well as metabolic, respiratory, skin, blood, digestive and circulatory diseases. Conclusion: This study revealed that interviewed informants (market herbalists and traditional healers) had good knowledge of the treatment of several diseases using the 17 plants . . It confirmed that the 17 selected plants are used in the traditional treatment of diarrhoea as well as other diseases. This study provided a database for Future pharmacological investigations on the basis of this ethnobotanical documentation.

Indigenous Tacit Knowledge of Traditional Medicine against COVID-19 in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-461
Author(s):  
Aimad Datoussaid ◽  
Abdelkader Hamadi ◽  
Abdelmadjid Ezzine
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
The University ◽  
Do So

This research aims mainly to emphasize the contribution of indigenous tacit Knowledge of traditional medicine to treat COVID-19 symptoms in a traditional and Islamic context in Algeria. In order to do so, we proceed as follows. First of all, to find out whether traditional treatment delays the death of people affected by COVID-19, a survival analysis was carried out among a sample of 74 hospitalized patients at the University Hospital Center in a region located to the west of Algeria. Subsequently, interviews with 185 traditional healers from the same region were held to identify the plants on which these patients relied. Three main results emerge from our study: first, the use of traditional treatment helped prolong the survival of people with COVID-19. Second, we were able to identify 11 medicinal plants. Third, Healers over 80 who had acquired tacit knowledge knew more medicinal plants compared to other age groups.

scholarly journals LEKSIKON ETNOMEDISIN DALAM PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL SUKU DAYAK BAKUMPAI

tuahtalino ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
NFN Hestiyana
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research is based on the conception of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe towards traditional medicine. This study analyzed ethnomedical lexicons in traditional Dayak Bakumpai tribal medicine. The purpose of this study is to describe the ethnomedicin lexicon and the techniques of composition in the traditional treatment of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study were ethnomedicin lexicons in traditional medicine and the techniques of composition in traditional medicine of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe obtained from informants in Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan. Data collection techniques used are the method of referencing, note taking, and library research. The instrument of this study was the researcher as observer and observation sheets. Data analysis includes the classification of ethnomedicin lexicon based on the types of medicinal plants and their functions and the techniques of composition in the traditional treatment of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe. Then, describe, analyze, transcribe, interpret, and conclude the results of the study. From the results of the ethnomedicin lexicon analysis in traditional Dayak Bakumpai tribal medicine, 40 ethnomedicin lexicons were found in traditional Dayak Bakumpai tribal medicine based on the types of medicinal plants and their functions. Then, plant parts are used for medicine, namely roots, tubers (rhizomes), stems, leaves, shoots, and parts of plant skin. Furthermore, the techniques of composition in the traditional treatment of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe are carried out by drinking, smearing, rubbing, sticking, evaporating, and watering to the body part (bathing).

scholarly journals Assessment of Larval Toxicity and the Teratogenic Effect of Three Medicinal Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Phénix Assogba ◽  
Victorien Dougnon ◽  
Edna Hounsa ◽  
Pierre Badjabaissi ◽  
Rachida Moussa Tari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Larval Toxicity

Objective. Mangifera indica Linn, Bridelia ferruginea Benth, and Alstonia boonei De Wild are three plants commonly used in the traditional treatment of urinary tract infections in Benin. This study sets out to assess the cytotoxic and teratogenic effects of extracts of these plants on Artemia salina larvae and hen embryos. Methods and Results. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were obtained by maceration of the powders in solvents. Larval cytotoxicity was performed on Artemia salina larvae. The teratogenic effect of these plants was evaluated on chick embryos at 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. The extracts were injected on the 7th and 14th days of incubation. The quality of the hatched chicks was evaluated by the Tona score followed by the hematological and the biochemical parameter assays. The extracts did not show cytotoxicity on the larvae. The eggs treated with plant extracts at 300 mg/kg significantly lowered the hatchability rate, except for the Mangifera indica Linn. The chicks obtained were all at the very good quality. Then, no significant variation was observed between hematological parameters except white blood cells. For the biochemical parameters, only ASAT showed some significant variations for a few extracts. It would be important to assess the genotoxicity of the plant extracts to determine more broader toxicity. These data justify the use of these medicinal plants in traditional Beninese medicine and constitute in fact a source of production of anti-infectious drugs.

Extraction and Phytochemicals Determination of Traditional Medicinal Plants for Anti-microbial Susceptibility Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firew Admasu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Health Care ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract: The study were conducted at Dilla University, College of Natural Sciences, Biological Sciences laboratories. Background: Ethiopia is a country with many ethnic groups, cultures and beliefs which in turn have contributed to the high diversity of traditional health care knowledge and practices of traditional medicine from local growth plants, animals and minerals for various physical and mental disorders of human and livestock population that passed from generation to generation for centuries. Medicinal plants contributors to pharmaceutical, agricultural and food industries in the world. The use of medicinal plants in the industrialized societies has been traced to extraction and development of several drugs used in order to heel some diseases having inhibiting effect against pathogenic microorganism. Objective: The main objective of this study was Extraction and Phytochemicals determination of traditional medicinal plants for anti microbial susceptibility test. Methodology: The extraction and identification of some phytochemicals crude compound which used for antimicrobial susceptibility test from plant sample such as Ocimum lamiifolium (OL), Croton maerosth (Cm) and Ruta chalepesis (RC) were conducted. Plant samples are collected, powdered using mortal and pistil and extracted using ethanol and some susceptibility tests were performed to identify some phytochemicals compound. Result: The main result of Antimicrobial activity test showed that the crude extract of OL has the highest zone of inhibition. The highest yield of crude extract (38.21%) was obtained from Croton maerosth (CM) which followed by Ruta chalepesis (RC) (32.43%). However, the lowest yield (28.37%) was obtained from Oscpmum lamifolium (OL). Conclusion: Traditional Medicine is used by many people to managing numerous conditions; it’s accessible and effective on antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it plays a significant role by reducing life-threatening ailments of people and other animals.

Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Female Infertility in Fez Region, Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Slighoua ◽  
I. Mahdi ◽  
F. Ez-zahra Amrati ◽  
S. Boukhira ◽  
A. EL Hamsas EL Youbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis

An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out among 224 informants to collect the information on medicinal plants used for the traditional treatment of female infertility in the Fes, Meknes and Boulemane region. In total, 63 plant species belonging to 29 families were used against female infertility. The most frequently cited plants were Lavandula officinalis (26.33%), Mentha pulegium (13.83%), Mentha suaveolens (11.16%), Rosmarinus officinalis (10.71%) and Petroselinum sativum (8.03%). Furthermore, the present study represents a useful documentation for the preservation of this knowledge about medicinal plants and for the amelioration of women reproductive health.

Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Treatment of Kidney Diseases in Fez–Meknes Region, Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
M. Chebaibi ◽  
D. Bousta ◽  
I. Iken ◽  
H. Hoummani ◽  
A. Ech-Choayeby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
A Value ◽  
Chi Squared

The purpose of this study was to inventory and collect information on plants and mixtures commonly used by herbalists to treat kidney disease in the Fez–Meknes region. We also aimed to compare the results obtained with the results of the other studies and exploit the correlations between different factors. An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted from 289 local herbalists in eight different areas of Fez–Meknes region. Ethnomedicinal uses and ethnobotanical indices were analyzed using quantitative tools, i.e., the total number of citation (TNC), use value (UV), family use value (FUV), fidelity level (FL), and rank order priority (ROP). Statistical analyses such as Pearson correlation and chi-squared test were performed to delineate any correlation. Two hundred and eighty-nine herbalists were questioned. Sixty-nine plant species belonging to 38 families were cited by herbalists for traditional treatment of kidney disease. The highest value of UV was obtained for Herniaria glabra L. (UV = 0.79), and Caryophyllaceae was the family frequently cited (FUV = 0.795). Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. had the highest value of FL with a value of 100%, and the highest value of ROP was recorded for Herniaria glabra L. (ROP = 91%). Sociodemographic characteristics had a significant impact on the knowledge of toxic plants. Our study has revealed a cultural heritage linked to herbalism and a great wealth of medicinal plants, whose valorization and protection are necessary. Several studies are needed to sensitize herbalists and population on the danger of toxic plants, to extract chemical compounds from the main plants used, and to evaluate their toxicity.

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