scholarly journals From the Role of Microbiota in Gut-Lung Axis to SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sara Ahmadi Badi ◽  
Samira Tarashi ◽  
Abolfazl Fateh ◽  
Pejman Rohani ◽  
Andrea Masotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the outbreak of a new viral respiratory infection. It has been demonstrated that the microbiota has a crucial role in establishing immune responses against respiratory infections, which are controlled by a bidirectional cross-talk, known as the “gut-lung axis.” The effects of microbiota on antiviral immune responses, including dendritic cell (DC) function and lymphocyte homing in the gut-lung axis, have been reported in the recent literature. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition affects (and is affected by) the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and contributes to regulate inflammation. Several studies demonstrated an altered microbiota composition in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, it has been shown that vaccine efficacy against viral respiratory infection is influenced by probiotics pretreatment. Therefore, the importance of the gut microbiota composition in the lung immune system and ACE2 expression could be valuable to provide optimal therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2 and to preserve the symbiotic relationship of the microbiota with the host.

CLINICAL DATA ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF MIXED INFECTIONS

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATVEEV A. YU ◽  
A. A. ROMANYUKHA
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Clinical Data Analysis ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Quantitative analysis data describing course of viral hepatitis show that concominal viral respiratory infection did not influence hepatitis severity and the rate of recovery after it. In the groups of hepatitis patients with different severity we also found the upper respiratory infections increasing proportional to the hepatitis severity. The rhinoviral infection initiation model in healthy and in hepatitis patients was obtained. Using this model allowed us to describe the phenomenon of upper respiratory infection incidence increasing in viral hepatitis dynamics.

Probiotics modulate the gut microbiota composition and immune responses in patients with atopic dermatitis: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2119-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Fang ◽  
Wenwei Lu ◽  
Jianxian Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Long Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-323020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Kit Yeoh ◽  
Tao Zuo ◽  
Grace Chung-Yan Lui ◽  
Fen Zhang ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ObjectiveAlthough COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory illness, there is mounting evidence suggesting that the GI tract is involved in this disease. We investigated whether the gut microbiome is linked to disease severity in patients with COVID-19, and whether perturbations in microbiome composition, if any, resolve with clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.MethodsIn this two-hospital cohort study, we obtained blood, stool and patient records from 100 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serial stool samples were collected from 27 of the 100 patients up to 30 days after clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Gut microbiome compositions were characterised by shotgun sequencing total DNA extracted from stools. Concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and blood markers were measured from plasma.ResultsGut microbiome composition was significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 compared with non-COVID-19 individuals irrespective of whether patients had received medication (p<0.01). Several gut commensals with known immunomodulatory potential such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale and bifidobacteria were underrepresented in patients and remained low in samples collected up to 30 days after disease resolution. Moreover, this perturbed composition exhibited stratification with disease severity concordant with elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and blood markers such as C reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase.ConclusionAssociations between gut microbiota composition, levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 suggest that the gut microbiome is involved in the magnitude of COVID-19 severity possibly via modulating host immune responses. Furthermore, the gut microbiota dysbiosis after disease resolution could contribute to persistent symptoms, highlighting a need to understand how gut microorganisms are involved in inflammation and COVID-19.

scholarly journals A polyphenol-enriched diet and Ascaris suum infection modulate mucosal immune responses and gut microbiota composition in pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0186546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Williams ◽  
Lukasz Krych ◽  
Hajar Fauzan Ahmad ◽  
Peter Nejsum ◽  
Kerstin Skovgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Effect of an Infection Control Program on the Frequency of Nosocomial Viral Respiratory Infections

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro J. Gómez-Villa ◽  
Andreu Comas-García ◽  
Vicente López-Rojas ◽  
Luis F. Pérez-González ◽  
Josefina Sánchez-Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

We determined the rate of nosocomial viral respiratory infection in infants and the effect of an infection control program during 4 winter seasons. The rate of nosocomial viral respiratory infection decreased from 6.09 episodes per 100 patients admitted during the first study year to 1.46 episodes per 100 patients admitted during the last study year.

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