Effect of an Infection Control Program on the Frequency of Nosocomial Viral Respiratory Infections

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro J. Gómez-Villa ◽  
Andreu Comas-García ◽  
Vicente López-Rojas ◽  
Luis F. Pérez-González ◽  
Josefina Sánchez-Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

We determined the rate of nosocomial viral respiratory infection in infants and the effect of an infection control program during 4 winter seasons. The rate of nosocomial viral respiratory infection decreased from 6.09 episodes per 100 patients admitted during the first study year to 1.46 episodes per 100 patients admitted during the last study year.

CLINICAL DATA ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF MIXED INFECTIONS

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATVEEV A. YU ◽  
A. A. ROMANYUKHA
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Clinical Data Analysis ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Quantitative analysis data describing course of viral hepatitis show that concominal viral respiratory infection did not influence hepatitis severity and the rate of recovery after it. In the groups of hepatitis patients with different severity we also found the upper respiratory infections increasing proportional to the hepatitis severity. The rhinoviral infection initiation model in healthy and in hepatitis patients was obtained. Using this model allowed us to describe the phenomenon of upper respiratory infection incidence increasing in viral hepatitis dynamics.

scholarly journals Association Between Children’s Hospital Visitor Restrictions and Healthcare-Associated Viral Respiratory Infections: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawa Forkpa ◽  
Angela H Rupp ◽  
Stanford T Shulman ◽  
Sameer J Patel ◽  
Elizabeth L Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Transmission Index ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractWe investigated the effect of annual winter visitor restrictions on hospital respiratory virus transmission. The healthcare-associated (HA) viral respiratory infection (VRI) transmission index (number of HA VRIs per 100 inpatient community-associated VRIs) was 59% lower during the months in which visitor restrictions were implemented. These data prompt consideration for instituting year-round visitor restrictions.

scholarly journals The presence of fever in adults with influenza and other viral respiratory infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. CHUGHTAI ◽  
Q. WANG ◽  
T. C. DUNG ◽  
C. R. MACINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

SUMMARYWe compared the rates of fever in adult subjects with laboratory-confirmed influenza and other respiratory viruses and examined the factors that predict fever in adults. Symptom data on 158 healthcare workers (HCWs) with a laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection were collected using standardized data collection forms from three separate studies. Overall, the rate of fever in confirmed viral respiratory infections in adult HCWs was 23·4% (37/158). Rates varied by virus: human rhinovirus (25·3%, 19/75), influenza A virus (30%, 3/10), coronavirus (28·6%, 2/7), human metapneumovirus (28·6%, 2/7), respiratory syncytial virus (14·3%, 4/28) and parainfluenza virus (8·3%, 1/12). Smoking [relative risk (RR) 4·65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·33–16·25] and co-infection with two or more viruses (RR 4·19, 95% CI 1·21–14·52) were significant predictors of fever. Fever is less common in adults with confirmed viral respiratory infections, including influenza, than described in children. More than 75% of adults with a viral respiratory infection do not have fever, which is an important finding for clinical triage of adult patients with respiratory infections. The accepted definition of ‘influenza-like illness’ includes fever and may be insensitive for surveillance when high case-finding is required. A more sensitive case definition could be used to identify adult cases, particularly in event of an emerging viral infection.

scholarly journals Guidelines for preventing respiratory illness in older adults aged 60 years and above living in long-term care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rios ◽  
Amruta Radhakrishnan ◽  
Sonia M. Thomas ◽  
Nazia Darvesh ◽  
Sharon E. Straus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe overall objective of this rapid review was to identify infection protection and control recommendations from published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for adults aged 60 years and older in long-term care settingsMethodsComprehensive searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and relevant CPG publishers/repositories were carried out in early March 2020. Title/abstract and full-text screening, data abstraction, and quality appraisal (AGREE-II) were carried out by single reviewers.ResultsA total of 17 relevant CPGs were identified, published in the USA (n=8), Canada (n=6), Australia (n=2), and the United Kingdom (n=1). All of the CPGs dealt with infection control in long-term care facilities (LTCF) and addressed various types of viral respiratory infections (e.g., influenza, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome). Ten or more CPGs recommended the following infection control measures in LTCF: hand hygiene (n=13), wearing personal protective equipment (n=13), social distancing or isolation (n=13), disinfecting surfaces (n=12), droplet precautions (n=12), surveillance and evaluation (n=11), and using diagnostic testing to confirm illness (n=10). While only two or more CPGs recommended these infection control measures: policies and procedures for visitors, staff and/or residents (n=9), respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette (n=9), providing supplies (n=9), staff and/or residents education (n=8), increasing communication (n=6), consulting or notifying health professionals (n=6), appropriate ventilation practices (n=2), and cohorting equipment (n=2). Ten CPGs also addressed management of viral respiratory infections in LTCF and recommended antiviral chemoprophylaxis (n=10) and one CPG recommended early mobilization of residents.ConclusionThe recommendations from current guidelines overall seem to support environmental measures for infection prevention and antiviral chemoprophylaxis for infection management as the most appropriate first-line response to viral respiratory illness in long-term care.

scholarly journals From the Role of Microbiota in Gut-Lung Axis to SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sara Ahmadi Badi ◽  
Samira Tarashi ◽  
Abolfazl Fateh ◽  
Pejman Rohani ◽  
Andrea Masotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the outbreak of a new viral respiratory infection. It has been demonstrated that the microbiota has a crucial role in establishing immune responses against respiratory infections, which are controlled by a bidirectional cross-talk, known as the “gut-lung axis.” The effects of microbiota on antiviral immune responses, including dendritic cell (DC) function and lymphocyte homing in the gut-lung axis, have been reported in the recent literature. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition affects (and is affected by) the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and contributes to regulate inflammation. Several studies demonstrated an altered microbiota composition in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, it has been shown that vaccine efficacy against viral respiratory infection is influenced by probiotics pretreatment. Therefore, the importance of the gut microbiota composition in the lung immune system and ACE2 expression could be valuable to provide optimal therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2 and to preserve the symbiotic relationship of the microbiota with the host.

scholarly journals The lung–gut axis during viral respiratory infections: the impact of gut dysbiosis on secondary disease outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Sencio ◽  
Marina Gomes Machado ◽  
François Trottein
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractBacteria that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract are essential for good health. The gut microbiota has a critical role in pulmonary immunity and host’s defense against viral respiratory infections. The gut microbiota’s composition and function can be profoundly affected in many disease settings, including acute infections, and these changes can aggravate the severity of the disease. Here, we discuss mechanisms by which the gut microbiota arms the lung to control viral respiratory infections. We summarize the impact of viral respiratory infections on the gut microbiota and discuss the potential mechanisms leading to alterations of gut microbiota’s composition and functions. We also discuss the effects of gut microbial imbalance on disease outcomes, including gastrointestinal disorders and secondary bacterial infections. Lastly, we discuss the potential role of the lung–gut axis in coronavirus disease 2019.

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