scholarly journals A Comprehensive Analysis for the Heterogeneous Effects on Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle Passenger Car and SUV Rollover Crashes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Wen ◽  
Zuogan Tang ◽  
Yuchen Zeng ◽  
Kexiong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Airbag Deployment ◽  
Normally Distributed

In road traffic crashes, although rollover crashes account for a relatively low proportion, those result in a high fatality rate. The present study performed random parameters ordered logit models to examine risk factors as well as their heterogeneous effects on driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car and SUV rollover crashes. Crash data for the empirical analysis were extracted from Texas Crash Record Information System (CRIS) database during the year 2016. Model estimation results show that six variables (male drivers, drivers’ age, airbag deployment, failure to drive in single lane, speed limit, and rural area) were found to produce normally distributed parameters in passenger car model, while nine parameters (male drivers, safety belt use, airbag deployment, drug or alcohol use, failure to drive in single lane, improper evasive action, vehicle model year, friday, and rural area) in SUV model were found to be normally distributed. Several other factors with fixed parameters were found to be associated with driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car or SUV rollover crashes, most notably: ejection or partial ejection, turning left, intersection, August, adverse weather conditions, and night with light. These variables were significant in both models; most variables have stronger effects on nonincapacitating injury and serious injury outcomes in SUV than in passenger car rollover crashes. These findings provide a deep insight into causality nature and factor involved in driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car and SUV rollover crashes and are also helpful for transport agencies to determine appropriate countermeasures aimed at mitigating injuries sustained by drivers in single-vehicle rollover crashes.

scholarly journals Injury Severity among Young Drivers: A combination of Parametric and Non-parametric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Rusdi Bin Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Non Parametric

Young drivers among the group recorded highest fatalities index in road traffic crashes. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting injury severity of young drivers using 5-years crash data (2008-2012) in Sabah, Malaysia. This study used a combination of parametric and non-parametric analysis to allows the specification of nonlinearities and interactions in addition to main effects. The results indicate that crashes on nighttime, federal roads and involved with a single-vehicle are positively associated with injury among young drivers. Interestingly, municipal roads, female drivers, crashes on the roundabout and T/Y junction are less likely to involve injury. A higher-order interaction suggests that not-at-fault young drivers involved with out-of-control or hit the object are more likely to be severe. On the other hand, young passenger car drivers involved in overturn and sideswipe collisions are negatively associated with the injury. It was also found that young drivers with driving too close behaviour are less likely to injure when involved in rear-end collisions for passenger car and four-wheel drive. Findings of this study will help relate authorities to design well-targeted restrictive measures in reducing the severity level of young drivers in traffic crashes.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries in a developing country: an analysis of 170 injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi O Onyemaechi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tissue Trauma ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences

BackgroundPaediatric injuries have significant physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries presenting at a teaching hospital in Enugu South-East Nigeria. MethodsA retrospective study of injured patients less than 18 years who presented to the Accident and Emergency department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, in Enugu Nigeria, was conducted from 1st January to 31st December 2015. Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. ResultsA total of 1191 children presented to the hospital within the study period and 120 injured paediatric patients (10.1%) with 170 injuries were attended to in the A & E. Adolescents (12 -17 years) accounted for 34.2% of injuries and males (70%) were more affected than the females. Road traffic crashes and falls were the most common causes of paediatric injuries. There was a significant correlation between age of the children and the aetiology of the injuries (X2 = 28.08, p = 0.001). Bruises/lacerations/abrasions (27.6%) and fractures (27.1%) were the most common types of injuries sustained. The injury severity score (ISS) of the patients ranged from 1-25 with a mean of 6.4 + 2.8. Roadside/street (35%), school (23.3%) and home (21.7%) were the main locations where injuries occurred. Mean injury-arrival interval was 1.2 + 0.7 days. Majority (67.5%) of children had full recovery and the mortality rate was 5.8%.ConclusionsRoad traffic crashes and falls were the most common cause of paediatric injuries. Soft tissue trauma and fractures were the predominant types of injuries. Roadside, school and home were the leading locations of childhood injuries. Prevention of road traffic crashes and falls, prompt treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation of injured children will reduce the negative impact of paediatric injuries.  

scholarly journals Characteristics of Fatal Road Traffic Crashes Associated with Alcohol and Illicit Substances in Queensland (2011-2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
James Freeman ◽  
Alexander Parkes ◽  
Kerry Armstrong ◽  
Jeremy Davey
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
High Range

Psychoactive substances affect driver behaviour in different ways, some of which can increase the risk of traffic crashes. This study investigated coroners findings for fatal road traffic crashes in Queensland for crash factors and driver behaviours associated with and without the presence of alcohol or illicit drugs. A total of 701 coroners reports for the period of 2011 to 2015 were analysed revealing 306 fatal incidents involving the detection of either alcohol or target illegal drugs (e.g., methamphetamine, THC [cannabis], cocaine or MDMA). Alcohol was most often detected (223 cases; 72.9% of the drug and alcohol sample and 31.8% of the entire sample), and a majority of fatalities involving alcohol (n = 114, 51% of alcohol cases) were at high range BAC levels (>.150g/100ml). Of these, 37 (32.5% of high range and 16.6% of alcohol cases) were detected with illicit drugs. Single vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes were evenly represented, although males were overrepresented in all crash types. Alcohol and poly drug consumption were more likely to be associated with single vehicle crashes (81.7% and 64.6% respectively), while detections of methamphetamines and THC in isolation without other substances were slightly overrepresented by multi-vehicle crashes (58.6% and 59.4% respectively). Single vehicle crashes usually involved speeding, loss of control and failure to negotiate a curve while multi-vehicle crashes were disproportionately represented by reckless driving and misjudging traffic conditions. Overall, an important theme to emerge was the contribution of illicit drugs and alcohol to the majority of single vehicle crashes, highlighting the increased risk of this type of crash for drivers who are positive with these substances.

scholarly journals Injury severity of pedestrians involved in road traffic crashes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Segni Tulu ◽  
Simon Washington ◽  
Md. Mazharul Haque ◽  
Mark J. King
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

scholarly journals Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes—Related Maxillofacial Injuries Severity and Concomitant Injuries in 201 Patients Seen at the UCH, Ibadan

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Aladelusi ◽  
Victor Akinmoladun ◽  
Adeola Olusanya ◽  
Oladimeji Akadiri ◽  
Abiodun Fasola
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Maxillofacial Injury ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of road traffic crashes (RTC)–related maxillofacial injuries, the concomitant injuries occurring with them, and to assess the relationship between the severity of maxillofacial and concomitant injuries. This was a prospective study involving 201 victims of RTC seen at the Accident and Emergency Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan with maxillofacial injuries during the study period. Demographic data of the patients, the types of maxillofacial injuries, and concomitant injuries sustained were recorded. Severity of maxillofacial injury was determined using the maxillofacial injury severity scale (MFISS), while the severity of concomitant injuries was based on the ISS. Correlations between types and severity of maxillofacial injury and types and severity of concomitant injury were conducted to determine the predictability of concomitant injuries based on maxillofacial injury severity. Data were processed using SPSS Statistical software (SPSS, version 20.0 for windows, IBM SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Maxillofacial injuries constituted 25.4% of RTC-related admission by the Accident and Emergency Department. A total of 151 (75.1%) patients who presented with concomitant injuries participated in the study. Eighty-one (53.6%) sustained injuries to more than one body region. Head injury was the commonest (99, 65.6%) concomitant injury, followed by orthopedic injury (69, 45.7%). Increasing severity of maxillofacial injury showed a positive correlation with increasing ISS. Also, positive correlation was noted with increasing severity of maxillofacial injury and presence of polytrauma ( p = 0.01), traumatic brain injury ( p = 0.034), and eye injuries ( p = 0.034). There was a high prevalence of maxillofacial injuries in victims of RTC. There was a high incidence of concomitant injuries noted with these maxillofacial injuries. Significantly, this study showed a direct relationship between the severity of maxillofacial injury and head, ocular and polytrauma. This study further emphasizes the need for thorough examination of patients presenting with RTC-related maxillofacial injuries.

scholarly journals Revealing the Spatial Pattern of Weather-Related Road Traffic Crashes in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6506
Author(s):  
Danijel Ivajnšič ◽  
Nina Horvat ◽  
Igor Žiberna ◽  
Eva Konečnik Kotnik ◽  
Danijel Davidović
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Adverse Weather

Despite an improvement in worldwide numbers, road traffic crashes still cause social, psychological, and financial damage and cost most countries 3% of their gross domestic product. However, none of the current commercial or open-source navigation systems contain spatial information about road traffic crash hot spots. By developing an algorithm that can adequately predict such spatial patterns, we can bridge these still existing gaps in road traffic safety. To that end, geographically weighted regression and regression tree models were fitted with five uncorrelated (environmental and socioeconomic) road traffic crash predictor variables. Significant regional differences in adverse weather conditions were identified; Slovenia lies at the conjunction of different climatic zones characterized by differences in weather phenomena, which further modify traffic safety. Thus, more attention to speed limits, safety distance, and other vehicles entering and leaving the system could be expected. In order to further improve road safety and better implement globally sustainable development goals, studies with applicative solutions are urgently needed. Modern vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies could soon support drivers with real-time traffic data and thus potentially prevent road network crashes.

Role of Adverse Weather in Key Crash Types on Limited-Access: Roadways Implications for Advanced Weather Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 1621 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad J. Khattak ◽  
Paula Kantor ◽  
Forrest M. Council
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Ordered Probit Models ◽  
Crash Types

Adverse weather can reduce visibility and road surface friction and thus increase crash frequency and injury severity. However, drivers may compensate for higher crash risk by reducing speeds, maintaining safe spacing, and driving more carefully. The impacts of adverse weather and its interactions with driver and roadway characteristics on the occurrence and injury severity of selected crash types are analyzed. Single-vehicle, two-vehicle sideswipe, and two-vehicle rear-end collisions on limited-access roadways are considered. To analyze differential impacts of adverse weather on crash type, binary probit models are estimated for single-vehicle versus the two types of two-vehicle crashes, and for rear-ends versus sideswipes. To analyze injury severity, ordered probit models are estimated. The 1990–1995 Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) database for North Carolina was used for analysis. The results indicate that, for the selected crash types, drivers appear to compensate for increased injury risks in that in adverse weather crashes are more frequent but injuries are less severe. Some implications for advanced weather systems are discussed.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of road traffic crashes related thoracic traumas: analysis of 5095 hospitalized chest injury patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengcao Zhang ◽  
Xiangzhi Xiao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Chengkai Hu ◽  
Qiancheng Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Thoracic Injuries ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Chest Injuries

Abstract Background Road traffic crashes related (RTCR) chest traumas remain important global public health challenge. The impact of boosting market of automobile vehicles in China during last decade on thoracic injury needs to be defined. This study aimed to review and analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of RTCR thoracic injuries in China. Methods Clinical records of patients with thoracic trauma admitted to thoracic surgery department between January 2003 and June 2020 were retrospectively retrieved and reviewed. Patients’ profiles and clinical characteristics were comparatively analyzed between road traffic crashes caused injury and other injury mechanisms, and in RTCR chest trauma patients before January 2011 (2003 group), and after January 2011 (2011 group), when is considered as the beginning year of Chinese household vehicle era. Results The study included 5095 thoracic trauma patients with mean age of 50.2 years, of whom 79.4% were male. Most of the patients (70.3%, n = 3583) had rib fractures. Associated injuries were present in 52.0% of the patients, of them 78.5% (n = 2080) were extremity fractures. Road traffic crashes accounted for 41.4% (n = 2108) of the injuries, most of them (98.0%) were related to motor vehicles. In comparison with other chest trauma mechanisms, RTCR chest injuries affected females and older males more frequently, with a higher incidence of rib fractures and sternum fractures, and higher injury severity scores (ISS) (all p < 0.05). Surgeries were required in 1495 (70.9%) patients of the RRTCR chest traumas, while the majority of non-RTCR thoracic injuries were managed conservatively or with tube thoracostomy (30.2%, n = 901). RTCR chest traumas caused longer hospital stay (13.0 ± 9.6 days vs. 11.8 ± 7.4 days, p = 0.001), higher ICU usage (30.7% vs. 19.6%, p = 0.001), higher rate of ventilator support (12.9% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.001), and higher mortalities (3.8% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.005) than that of non-RTRA chest injuries. For RTCR patients, when compared with 2003 group, 2011 group had similar patterns in terms of accident category, associated injury and treatment. However, 2011 group had more females (38.5% vs. 18.0%, p = 0.001) and older males (50.6 ± 9.7 vs. 47.9 ± 17.2, p = 0.001), with a higher ISS (18.3 ± 10.2 vs. 17.1 ± 8.9, p = 0.004), and fewer were managed with chest tubes (25.0% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.031). Clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the groups in terms of hospital length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) usage, ICU length of stay, duration of ventilator hours and mortality. However, the 2011 group had more patients requiring ventilator support (14.4% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.011). Conclusions Road traffic crashes remain to be the major etiology of thoracic injuries in China, which usually affects middle-aged males, causing rib fractures with concomitant injuries frequently occurring to other organ systems. Treatments mainly include tube thoracotomy and surgical procedures. Although the clinical characteristics and outcomes of traffic accident related chest traumas are largely unchanged in spite of the rapid increasing numbers of motor vehicles, variations in the pattern of injuries by gender, age, injury severity and ventilator usage may still provide important information for targeted management.

Analysis of Single-Vehicle Roadway Departure Crashes on Rural Curved Segments Accounting for Unobserved Heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Mouyid Islam ◽  
Anurag Pande
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Single Vehicle

Roadway departure crashes are one of the core emphasis areas in Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSP). These crashes, especially on rural roads, lead to a disproportionately higher number of fatalities and serious injuries. The focus of this study is to identify and quantify the factors affecting injury-severity outcomes for single-vehicle roadway departure (SV-RwD) crashes on rural curved segments in Minnesota. The crash data are extracted from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) from 2010 to 2014. This study applied a mixed logit with heterogeneity in means and variances approach to model driver-injury severity. The approach accounts for possible unobserved heterogeneity in the data resulting from driver, roadway, traffic, environmental conditions, or any combination of these attributes. This analysis adds value to the growing body of literature because it uncovers some unobserved heterogeneity in the form the attributes specific to driver-injury severities in contrast to the standard mixed logit approach. The model results indicate that there is a complex interaction of driver characteristics and actions (male drivers, aged below 30 years of age, and unsafe speed), roadway and traffic characteristics (two-lane undivided road, county roadways, and low traffic volume), environmental conditions (adverse weather, cloudy weather, dark conditions, and dry surface conditions), and vehicle characteristics (vehicle type—sport utility vehicle involved in rollover crashes). The results also provide some evidence of the effectiveness of a highway curve safety improvement program implemented in one of the Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT) districts.

scholarly journals Pediatric Traffic Injuries on Halloween in the United Kingdom: Prevalence and Injury Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9093
Author(s):  
Li-Min Hsu ◽  
Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽  
Ping-Ling Chen ◽  
Wafaa Saleh ◽  
Hui-An Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Public Holidays

The study results serve as a reminder for parents, children, and drivers to be alert to the danger of traffic crashes on Halloween. The aim of this study was to examine whether Halloween is associated with a higher incidence of traffic injuries and whether traffic injuries sustained on Halloween are more severe than those sustained on other days. The U.K. STATS19 database, including the data of all road traffic crashes occurring from 1990 to 2017, was employed. A total of 73,587 pediatric traffic casualties (involving pedestrians, cyclists, and moped riders) were included. Between 17:00 and 19:00 (17:00~18:59) on Halloween, the number of casualties was higher than that on other public holidays and usual days. The logistic regression model revealed that, between 17:00 and 18:00 (17:00~17:59), the risk of being killed or seriously injured on Halloween was 34.2% higher (odds ratio = 1.342; 95% CI = 1.065–1.692) than that on other days. Pediatric crashes occurring on Halloween are associated with a higher number of injuries and increased injury severity.

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