Role of Adverse Weather in Key Crash Types on Limited-Access: Roadways Implications for Advanced Weather Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 1621 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad J. Khattak ◽  
Paula Kantor ◽  
Forrest M. Council
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Ordered Probit Models ◽  
Crash Types

Adverse weather can reduce visibility and road surface friction and thus increase crash frequency and injury severity. However, drivers may compensate for higher crash risk by reducing speeds, maintaining safe spacing, and driving more carefully. The impacts of adverse weather and its interactions with driver and roadway characteristics on the occurrence and injury severity of selected crash types are analyzed. Single-vehicle, two-vehicle sideswipe, and two-vehicle rear-end collisions on limited-access roadways are considered. To analyze differential impacts of adverse weather on crash type, binary probit models are estimated for single-vehicle versus the two types of two-vehicle crashes, and for rear-ends versus sideswipes. To analyze injury severity, ordered probit models are estimated. The 1990–1995 Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) database for North Carolina was used for analysis. The results indicate that, for the selected crash types, drivers appear to compensate for increased injury risks in that in adverse weather crashes are more frequent but injuries are less severe. Some implications for advanced weather systems are discussed.

Investigating the influence of curbs on single-vehicle crash injury severity utilizing zero-inflated ordered probit models

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximiao Jiang ◽  
Baoshan Huang ◽  
Russell L. Zaretzki ◽  
Stephen Richards ◽  
Xuedong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Ordered Probit Models ◽  
Crash Injury Severity

Analysis of Single-Vehicle Roadway Departure Crashes on Rural Curved Segments Accounting for Unobserved Heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Mouyid Islam ◽  
Anurag Pande
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Single Vehicle

Roadway departure crashes are one of the core emphasis areas in Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSP). These crashes, especially on rural roads, lead to a disproportionately higher number of fatalities and serious injuries. The focus of this study is to identify and quantify the factors affecting injury-severity outcomes for single-vehicle roadway departure (SV-RwD) crashes on rural curved segments in Minnesota. The crash data are extracted from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) from 2010 to 2014. This study applied a mixed logit with heterogeneity in means and variances approach to model driver-injury severity. The approach accounts for possible unobserved heterogeneity in the data resulting from driver, roadway, traffic, environmental conditions, or any combination of these attributes. This analysis adds value to the growing body of literature because it uncovers some unobserved heterogeneity in the form the attributes specific to driver-injury severities in contrast to the standard mixed logit approach. The model results indicate that there is a complex interaction of driver characteristics and actions (male drivers, aged below 30 years of age, and unsafe speed), roadway and traffic characteristics (two-lane undivided road, county roadways, and low traffic volume), environmental conditions (adverse weather, cloudy weather, dark conditions, and dry surface conditions), and vehicle characteristics (vehicle type—sport utility vehicle involved in rollover crashes). The results also provide some evidence of the effectiveness of a highway curve safety improvement program implemented in one of the Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT) districts.

Modeling head-on crash severity on NCDOT freeways: a mixed logit model approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Wei (David) Fan
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Mixed Logit Model ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Adverse Weather Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Model Approach

This study employs a mixed logit model approach to evaluate contributing factors that significantly affect the severity of head-on crashes. The head-on crash data are collected from Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) from 2005 to 2013 in North Carolina. The effects that vehicle, driver, roadway, and environmental characteristics have on the injury severity of head-on crashes are examined. The results of this research demonstrate that adverse weather, young drivers, rural roadways, and pickups are found to be better modeled as random-parameters at specific injury severity levels, while others should remain fixed. Also, the model results indicate that driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, grade or curve roadway configuration, old drivers, high speed limit, motorcycles will increase the injury severity of head-on crashes. Adverse weather condition, two-way divided road, traffic control, young drivers, and pickups will decrease the injury severity of head-on crashes.

scholarly journals Urban Road Crashes and Weather Conditions: Untangling the Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Lobo ◽  
Sara Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Iglesias ◽  
António Couto
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

Most previous studies show that inclement weather increases the risk of road users being involved in a traffic crash. However, some authors have demonstrated a little or even an opposite effect, observed both on crash frequency and severity. In urban roads, where a greater number of conflict points and heavier traffic represent a higher exposure to risk, the potential increase of crash risk caused by adverse weather deserves a special attention. This study investigates the impact of meteorological conditions on the frequency of road crashes in urban environment, using the city of Porto, Portugal as a case study. The weather effects were analyzed for different types of crashes: single-vehicle, multi-vehicle, property-damage-only, and injury crashes. The methodology is based on negative binomial and Poisson models with random parameters, considering the influence of daily precipitation and mean temperature, as well as the lagged effects of the precipitation accumulated during the previous month. The results show that rainy days are more prone to the occurrence of road crashes, although the past precipitation may attenuate such effect. Temperatures below 10 °C are associated with higher crash frequencies, complying with the impacts of precipitation in the context of the Portuguese climate characteristics.

scholarly journals Developing a Traffic Management Framework for Coastal Expressway Bridges under Adverse Weather Conditions: Case Study of Rain Day in Shenzhen, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenming Jiang ◽  
Jian John Lu ◽  
Yuming Jiang ◽  
Xiaonan Cai ◽  
Anning Ni
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Alternate Routes

Adverse weather can reduce visibility and road surface friction, lower vehicle maneuverability, and increase crash frequency and injury severity. The impacts of adverse weather and its interactions with drivers and roadway on the operation and management of expressway or expressway bridges have drawn the researchers’ and managers’ attention to develop traffic management frameworks to mitigate the negative influence. Considering the peculiar geographical location and meteorological conditions, the Guangshen Coast Expressway-Shenzhen Segment (GSCE-SS) was selected as a case in this study to illustrate the proposed traffic management framework on rain days. Conditions categorized by rainfall intensity and traffic flow were the main precondition to make the management decisions. CORSIM simulator was used to develop the alternate routes choice schemes, providing reference for other systems in the proposed traffic management framework. Maps of (a) entrance ramp control (ERC) strategies; (b) mainline control strategies; (c) alternate routes choice; (d) information release schemes, under scenarios of different volume and rainstorm warning grades (BLUE to RED), were drawn to present a reference or demonstration for managers of long-span expressway bridges not only in China, but even in the world.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Analysis for the Heterogeneous Effects on Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle Passenger Car and SUV Rollover Crashes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Wen ◽  
Zuogan Tang ◽  
Yuchen Zeng ◽  
Kexiong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Airbag Deployment ◽  
Normally Distributed

In road traffic crashes, although rollover crashes account for a relatively low proportion, those result in a high fatality rate. The present study performed random parameters ordered logit models to examine risk factors as well as their heterogeneous effects on driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car and SUV rollover crashes. Crash data for the empirical analysis were extracted from Texas Crash Record Information System (CRIS) database during the year 2016. Model estimation results show that six variables (male drivers, drivers’ age, airbag deployment, failure to drive in single lane, speed limit, and rural area) were found to produce normally distributed parameters in passenger car model, while nine parameters (male drivers, safety belt use, airbag deployment, drug or alcohol use, failure to drive in single lane, improper evasive action, vehicle model year, friday, and rural area) in SUV model were found to be normally distributed. Several other factors with fixed parameters were found to be associated with driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car or SUV rollover crashes, most notably: ejection or partial ejection, turning left, intersection, August, adverse weather conditions, and night with light. These variables were significant in both models; most variables have stronger effects on nonincapacitating injury and serious injury outcomes in SUV than in passenger car rollover crashes. These findings provide a deep insight into causality nature and factor involved in driver injury severity in single-vehicle passenger car and SUV rollover crashes and are also helpful for transport agencies to determine appropriate countermeasures aimed at mitigating injuries sustained by drivers in single-vehicle rollover crashes.

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