scholarly journals Factors Associated with Cognitive and Functional Performance in Indigenous Older Adults of Nariño, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yenny Vicky Paredes-Arturo ◽  
Eunice Yarce-Pinzon ◽  
Diego Mauricio Diaz-Velasquez ◽  
Daniel Camilo Aguirre-Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Functional Factors ◽  
Global Cognition

Introduction. Ethnicity in Latin America is a factor of poverty and social exclusion. Like in developed countries, demographic, medical, psychosocial, global cognitive, and functional variables interact in a complex relationship on the elderly population. Such interaction should be considered to determine cognitive and functional performance using screening tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors affecting global cognitive performance as well as functional activities. Methods. The study was conducted in a Colombian elderly indigenous population which included a sample of 518 adults. This research employed a structural model of latent factors to assess the effects of demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors on cognitive and functional performance. The model was estimated by least squares and used a maximum-likelihood procedure, and it was determined RMSEA, TLI, and CFI to assess the model’s goodness of fit. The categorical variables used in the model were as follows: (1) demographics, (2) psychosocial factors, (3) medical condition, (4) global cognition, and (5) functional factors. Results. Demographics, in addition to medical and psychosocial factors, were related to global cognition and functional factors (RMSEA = 0.051, CI 90% 0.045–0.057, CFI = 0.901, and TLI = 0.881). Conclusion. These results provide strong evidence about the complex relationships among demographics, medical conditions, and psychosocial factors and their influence on global cognition and functional performance in Colombian indigenous elderly population.

scholarly journals Association between functional performance and executive cognitive functions in an elderly population including patients with low ankle–brachial index

2015 ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Januzzi Cunha ◽  
Danielle Irigoyen Costa ◽  
Fernando Santos ◽  
Fernanda Consolim-Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Executive Cognitive Functions

scholarly journals STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS WITH SMOKING IN NORTHERN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Borisova ◽  
Sardana V. Markova ◽  
Irina Sh. Malogulova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship

The aim: Of our study was to identify the relationship between the main risk factors for heart disease and social factors among northern population. Materials and methods: We polled 3092 native and non-native habitants of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The poll consists of several sections. It includes questions related to social, demographic and life record data, heredity, physical activity and unhealthy habits. Results: Among the people diagnosed with hypertension (HT), there are more smokers than among the people without this medical condition. On the contrary, in the group of people diagnosed with HT at the examination for taking blood pressure, there were fewer smokers than in the group, in which HT was not registered. Patients with CHD, Myocardial infarction (MI) in past medical history, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are smokers to the same degree as the other group. This indicates that this category of the examined are exposed to the risk of cardiovascular aggravations. We determined a high spread of psychosocial risk factors for the examined respondents – the relationship between smoking, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and HT, and the level of education, marital status and labor specificity. The increase in the level of education is associated with fewer amounts of smokers among both non-native and native habitants. Overweight is more frequently observed for the people who are not single, have low level of education and are engaged in manual labor. In particular, it is applicable to native habitants. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity did not have any relationship with psychosocial factors for native habitants. However, in relation to non-native habitants, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and HT are associated with marital status (married) and with manual labor.

Factors associated with cancer screening adherence amongst Latinos in Indiana: Results of an electronic survey.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22513-e22513
Author(s):  
Manuel Ricardo Espinoza Gutarra ◽  
Susan M Rawl ◽  
Robin E. Valenzuela ◽  
Erik Parker ◽  
Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cancer Information ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Screening Adherence

e22513 Background: Latinos are the fastest growing ethnic group in the US: cancer is the leading cause of death. Cancer screening is designed to decrease cancer-specific mortality among age- and gender-appropriate populations, but is implemented less frequently among Latino populations. Barriers to screening among Latinos are less well understood. Methods: A cross-sectional, online survey was used to assess perspective on cancer information-seeking behavior, demographic, economic, healthcare access and COVID-related factors among Latino adults (>18) living in Indiana able to read and write in Spanish or English. Respondents were recruited using Facebook targeted advertisement and data were collected through Qualtrics. USPSTF recommendations for breast (BC), cervical (CC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening were used to evaluate screening adherence. The influence of explanatory variables on cancer-related outcomes was analyzed using univariate chi-squared tests for categorical variables and t-test for scale variables. Following this, significantly influential factors (p < 0.05) were included in multivariate logistic regression models for each response variable. Model selection was performed using stepwise regression. Results: A total of 1624 respondents participated, with 832 (51.2%) completing the survey in Spanish. Median age was 52 years old (range 18-71) for English and 54 (18-77) for Spanish respondents. 80% of respondents were located in urban areas. Cancer screening adherence rates were 45.2% for BC, 61.8% for CC and 68.0% for CRC. The main factor associated with screening adherence across all malignancies (Table) was white self-identification, other factors included having children (OR: 1.79) and having received a COVID test (OR: 1.91) for CRC, having Spanish as chosen language for the survey for CC and BC respectively. Having higher income was associated with less adherence in CRC (OR: 0.50 when expressed as subjective income adequacy, compared with people finding difficult on present income) and CC (OR: 0.18 when expressed as > 75,000 USD annual income, compared with 0-35,000 USD annual income). Conclusions: In this interim analysis of the largest Latino survey in Indiana, our findings were counter-intuitive regarding the association of income and language with cancer screening adherence. For income, these findings may have been due to lower out-of-pocket costs among vulnerable populations covered by Medicaid or Medicare insurance. For Spanish differences may be explained by increased language specific outreach for certain screening tests but not for others. Overall, these results highlight the necessity for targeted awareness campaigns for the Latino population in Indiana.[Table: see text]

Goodness of Fit for Categorical Variables

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander von Eye ◽  
G. Anne Bogat ◽  
Stefan von Weber
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Categorical Variables

scholarly journals Brazil is getting older: demographic changes and epidemiological challenges

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato P. Veras
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Third World ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Epidemiological Transition ◽  
Structure Population ◽  
The Social

Population ageing is currently a phenomenon not only in developed countries but also in third world countries. In this paper the features of a population's ageing and the process of epidemiological transition are discussed along with the worldwide changes in age-structure. Population statistics in Brazil and the characteristics of the elderly population are presented and analysed in the light of recent changes. The Brazilian elderly population is also discussed, particularly the issues relating to the social cost of the aged population, its urban and rural distribution, the elderly by sex, marital status and level of schooling, and emphasis is given to the imbalance of the sexes and the consequences of it for women.

scholarly journals Medical cannabis use in the United States: a retrospective database study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kishan Mahabir ◽  
Jamil J. Merchant ◽  
Christopher Smith ◽  
Alisha Garibaldi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Introduction Growing interest in the medicinal properties of cannabis has led to an increase in its use to treat medical conditions, and the establishment of state-specific medical cannabis programs. Despite medical cannabis being legal in 33 states and the District of Colombia, there remains a paucity of data characterizing the patients accessing medical cannabis programs. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a registry with data from 33 medical cannabis evaluation clinics in the United States, owned and operated by CB2 Insights. Data were collected primarily by face-to-face interviews for patients seeking medical cannabis certification between November 18, 2018 and March 18, 2020. Patients were removed from the analysis if they did not have a valid date of birth, were less than 18, or did not have a primary medical condition reported; a total of 61,379 patients were included in the analysis. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics expressed as a mean (standard deviation (SD)) or median (interquartile range (IQR)) as appropriate for continuous variables, and number (percent) for categorical variables. Statistical tests performed across groups included t-tests, chi-squared tests and regression. Results The average age of patients was 45.5, 54.8% were male and the majority were Caucasian (87.5%). Female patients were significantly older than males (47.0 compared to 44.6). Most patients reported cannabis experience prior to seeking medical certification (66.9%). The top three mutually exclusive primary medical conditions reported were unspecified chronic pain (38.8%), anxiety (13.5%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (8.4%). The average number of comorbid conditions reported was 2.7, of which anxiety was the most common (28.3%). Females reported significantly more comorbid conditions than males (3.1 compared to 2.3). Conclusion This retrospective study highlighted the range and number of conditions for which patients in the US seek medical cannabis. Rigorous clinical trials investigating the use of medical cannabis to treat pain conditions, anxiety, insomnia, depression and PTSD would benefit a large number of patients, many of whom use medical cannabis to treat multiple conditions.

scholarly journals P90 Streamlining primary care referrals to an early inflammatory arthritis (EIA) clinic: distinguishing between patients with osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben M Jacobs ◽  
Nichola Sarathchandra ◽  
Mayuri Karela ◽  
Louise E Daniels ◽  
Nirupam Purkayastha
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Early Inflammatory Arthritis

Abstract Background To use biochemical markers and ultrasound to differentiate between inflammatory and noninflammatory diagnoses in the early inflammatory arthritis (EIA) referral setting. Careful patient selection is crucial to ensure timely and efficient use of secondary care resources. Methods A retrospective audit of the EIA pathway was conducted over six months at two partnered district general hospitals in London in 2018. For each of the 75 patients studied, data collected included demographics, biomarkers of disease and inflammation, appointments dates, details of scans requested, and the clinical diagnosis made at the EIA appointment. Statistical tests included pairwise comparisons using Welch’s 2-sample t-test for continuous variables and two-sample chi squared tests for equality of proportions with continuity correction for categorical variables. Logistic regression models were used, incorporating age, inflammatory markers and serostatus. Goodness of fit was evaluated using the log likelihood method and McFadden’s pseudo-R2. Predictive modelling was carried out using the Caret package. Analysis was conducted in R (R v3.5). Results Over half of participants (59%) were diagnosed with non-inflammatory disorders; the most common diagnosis was osteoarthritis (31%). Rheumatoid Arthritis (15%) was most common amongst the 41% of Inflammatory arthritides (IA). Ultrasound confirmed the clinical diagnosis of IA vs non-IA with 70% accuracy. There were no significant differences between those with and without ultrasound evidence of synovitis in terms of age (p 0.25), CRP (p 0.22), ESR (p 0.59), RF (p 0.43) or CCP (p 1) positivity. This null is likely due to a small sample size and lack of statistical power. Comparison of patients with a clinical diagnosis of IA vs non-IA revealed significantly increased CRP (9.5 vs 4.2 p 0.01) and CCP positivity rates (22.5% vs 0%, p 0.003) in the inflammatory group, with no significant differences in age (p 0.45), ESR (p 0.24), or RF positivity rate (p 0.18). In those with a clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis, there were a significantly higher age (55.0 vs 43.5, p 0.0009), lower CRP (3.2 vs 7.8, p 0.005), and lower ESR (9.2 vs 19.7, p 0.006). Neither RF (p 0.73) nor CCP (p 0.16) positivity rates differed significantly between osteoarthritis or other diagnoses. Conclusion It was demonstrated that even in small cohorts, simple predictive variables can be used to risk-stratify and assess the likelihood that a patient will have osteoarthritis rather than IA. It is shown that older age, lower ESR and lower CRP are indicators at differentiating IA from non-IA. Given the national high prevalence of osteoarthritis and the clinical uncertainty in distinguishing osteoarthritis from IA, ultrasound has significant value in the diagnostic work-up. Further research should attempt to predict eventual diagnosis from clinical characteristics alone to help general practitioners distinguish patients with IA from those with non-IA. Disclosures B.M. Jacobs None. N. Sarathchandra None. M. Karela None. L.E. Daniels None. N. Purkayastha None.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly Population Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3553
Author(s):  
Beata Dziedzic ◽  
Zofia Sienkiewicz ◽  
Anna Leńczuk-Gruba ◽  
Ewa Kobos ◽  
Wiesław Fidecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: A sharp rise in the population of elderly people, who are more prone to somatic and mental diseases, combined with the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated complications in this age group, have an impact on the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Aim of the work: The work of the study was the evaluation of the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly population diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The pilot study was conducted in 2019 among 200 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 65 years and above, receiving treatment in a specialist diabetes outpatient clinic. The study was based on a questionnaire aimed at collecting basic sociodemographic and clinical data and the complete geriatric depression scale (GDS, by Yesavage) consisting of 30 questions. Results: The study involved 200 patients receiving treatment in a diabetes outpatient clinic. The mean age of the study subjects was 71.4 ± 5.0 years. The vast majority of the subjects (122; 61%) were women, with men accounting for 39% of the study population (78 subjects). A statistically significant difference in the GDS (p < 0.01) was shown for marital status, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, and the number of comorbidities. Patients with results indicative of symptoms of mild and severe depression were found to have higher BMI, longer disease duration, and a greater number of comorbidities. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of HbA1c. Conclusions: In order to verify the presence of depressive symptoms in the group of geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus, an appropriate screening programme must be introduced to identify those at risk and refer them to specialists, so that treatment can be promptly initiated. Screening tests conducted by nurses might help with patient identification.

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