scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Domain and Intensity on Sleep in Women and Men with Overweight and Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jonas Salling Quist ◽  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Martin Bæk Blond ◽  
Daniel Holm-Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Inadequate Sleep ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity ◽  
Physically Inactive

Inadequate sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk and adiposity. Exercise has been suggested as an efficient strategy to improve sleep; however, the effects of different types of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity are not well understood. We examined effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight or obesity. 130 physically inactive adults (20–45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity (body mass index: 25–35 kg/m2) were randomized to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting by bike (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate intensity (MOD, 50% VO2peak-reserve, n = 39) or vigorous intensity (VIG, 70% VO2peak-reserve, n = 38), 5 days/week. Sleep was assessed from 7-day/night accelerometry and questionnaires at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. 92 participants were included in a per protocol analysis. At 3 months, sleep duration was longer in VIG (29 min/night [3; 55] (mean [95% CI]), p=0.03) but not in BIKE and MOD (p≥0.11) compared with CON and was not different between groups at 6 months (p≥0.36 vs. CON). At 6 months, sleep duration variability was lower in MOD (−31% [−50; −3], p=0.03) and numerically lower in VIG (−28% [−49; 1], p=0.06) relative to CON but was unchanged in BIKE (p=0.17 vs. CON). The effects were, however, primarily attributable to shorter and more irregular sleep in CON over time. Our findings suggest that effects of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity may be restricted to leisure-time exercise with a short-term effect on sleep duration after vigorous intensity exercise (3 months) but a more regular sleep pattern after 6 months of moderate and vigorous intensity exercise compared with physically inactive controls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with ID NCT01962259.

scholarly journals Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Salling Quist ◽  
Martin Bæk Blond ◽  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Carina Bjørnskov Steenholt ◽  
Charlotte Janus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Ad Libitum

Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20–45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak)-reserve, n = 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V̇o2peak-reserve, n = 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (−22%, P < 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE ( P < 0.05) and VIG ( P = 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD ( P = 0.02) and VIG ( P < 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger ( P = 0.01) and prospective food consumption ( P = 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher ( P ≤ 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower ( P = 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE ( P = 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.

Are Canadians meeting the guidelines for moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity?

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley N. Bryan ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of Canadian adults (aged 18–55 years) who met the guidelines for moderate and vigorous physical activity set out in Canada’s Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living. Leisure-time physical activity energy expenditure from moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities was calculated using data from the National Population Health Surveys (1994–1998) and the Canadian Community Health Surveys (2001–2007). The prevalence was estimated for no leisure-time physical activity, meeting only the moderate guideline, meeting both the moderate and vigorous guidelines, and meeting the guidelines through a combination of moderate and vigorous activities. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of meeting the guidelines by various demographic characteristics. The prevalence of no activity did not change appreciably over time, ranging from 6.5% to 10%, depending on the survey year. Reporting of no activity was more prevalent among older adults, those in lower income groups, and those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg·m–2. Overall, 65% of adults met the guidelines for physical activity in 2007, which has increased from 54% in 1994–1995. Men, younger adults, those with a higher income, and those with a lower BMI more often met the guidelines. Among all subgroups, meeting the guidelines was most often accomplished through participation in moderate-intensity activities. These findings should be considered when designing and implementing public health interventions that promote participation in daily physical activity.

scholarly journals Effects of 6 Months of Active Commuting and Leisure-Time Exercise on Fibrin Turnover in Sedentary Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Martin Bæk Petersen ◽  
Jonas Salling Quist ◽  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Long Term Effects

Obesity and exercise constitute important factors for cardiovascular disease risk, but the long-term effects of different exercise modalities on haemostatic biomarkers are not well elucidated. We investigated the effects of 6 months of active commuting or leisure-time exercise on measures of fibrin turnover in individuals who are overweight and obese. Ninety younger (20–40 years), sedentary, healthy women and men who are overweight and obese (BMI: 25–35 kg/m2) were randomised to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n=16), active commuting (BIKE, n=19), or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, ∼50% VO2peak reserve, n=31) or vigorous intensity (VIG, ∼70% VO2peak reserve, n=24). Fasting blood samples (baseline and 3 and 6 months) were analysed for cholesterols and triglycerides, thrombin generation, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, D-dimer, fibrin clot properties, and fibrinolytic activity. We observed no differences between CON, BIKE, MOD, and VIG during the intervention and no time effects for any of the variables measured despite increased VO2peak in all exercise groups. We found no difference between CON and all exercise groups combined and no gender-specific effects of exercise. Our findings suggest that thrombin generation capacity, coagulation activation, fibrin clot structure, and lysability are unaffected by long-term active commuting and leisure-time exercise in women and men who are overweight and obese.

scholarly journals Sleep during, overweight and obesity in adolescence: a systematic review.

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Maritza Lordsleem Silva ◽  
Raphael José Perrier Melo ◽  
Penelopy Dabbicco ◽  
Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro De Freita
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Complete Form ◽  
Inadequate Sleep

Introduction: In adolescence, intense social and school demands, hormonal changes that modify the circadian rhythms and the overuse of electronic equipments causes an inadequate sleep duration to adolescents. Studies have linked short sleep duration with the increase odds to have overweight and obesity. Objective: To identify articles that analyzed relationship between inadequate sleep time and overweight and obesity in adolescents. Method: It was done a research on Bireme (Lilacs and MEDLINE), PubMed, Scielo and Ibecs for two independents researchers using Portuguese and English keywords: “sleep”, “sleep duration”, “adolescence”, “obesity” and “overweigh”. It was considerated as inclusion criteria: sample with 10-19-year adolescents, original articles between 2002 and 2013 in Portuguese and English. Therefore, it was excluded review articles, thesis, dissertations and monographs. Results: The initial Electronic search resulted in 663 articles and, after process of article select with read of titles, resumes and the complete form, it was selected 15 articles. Conclusion:  Inadequate levels of sleep duration are associated with increase of overweight and obesity in adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between short sleep duration and overweight/obesity among middle-school students: a cross-sectional study in Fuzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guobo Li ◽  
Shichao Wei ◽  
Fuhao Zheng ◽  
Xingyan Xu ◽  
Yingying Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Students ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of short sleep duration and its association with overweight or obesity in adolescents from middle school in Fuzhou, China.Methods: A total of 13,063 students (male: 6,500; female: 6,553) from 18 different schools in Fuzhou city were included in this study. Questionnaires focusing on short sleep duration and overweight or obesity related factors were collected. The sleep duration was self-reported by the subjects. The body weight and height were measured by the qualified personnel. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of short sleep duration on overweight or obesity in school students.Results: The overall rates of overweight and obesity were 12.1% and 7.1%, respectively. The prevalence of short sleep duration among students was 82.8%. The majority of high school students (92.5%) showed a short sleep duration. Compared with male children with a sleep duration of 8-10 h per day, the odds ratios (ORs) of overweight/obesity for those with a sleep duration of less than 6 h or 6-8 h per day were 1.60 (1.22-2.09) and 1.07 (0.90-1.29) after adjusting social and demographic status, mental health and lifestyle factors. The homologous ORs of female children were 1.45 (1.04-2.04) and 1.11(0.85-1.45), respectively.Conclusions: A large number of adolescents suffered from short sleep duration. Short sleep duration is associated with a higher OR of overweight/obesity in middle-school children, especially in the male adolescences.

Abstract P090: Does The Increasing Prevalence Of Obesity Explain The Decrease In Blood Pressure Control Among Us Adults With Hypertension?

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Foti ◽  
Shakia T Hardy ◽  
Alexander Chang ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Introduction: The proportion of US adults with hypertension who had controlled blood pressure (BP) decreased from 2013-2018. The rising prevalence of obesity has been implicated as a reason for this decline. We investigated trends in BP control from 2013-2018 among US adults with hypertension, overall and among those taking antihypertensive medication, by body mass index (BMI) category. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018 for US adults aged ≥18 with hypertension (N=5,580). We examined the BMI distribution [normal (BMI <25 kg/m 2 ), overweight (BMI 25-<30 kg/m 2 ), class 1 obesity (BMI 30-<35 kg/m 2 ), class 2 or 3 obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 )] in each survey cycle. We calculated the age-adjusted prevalence of BP control (<140/90 mmHg) overall and among those taking antihypertensive medication in each survey cycle by BMI category. We examined trends in BP control within BMI category adjusted for age and other sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; we tested differences in trends by BMI category using interaction terms. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among US adults with hypertension did not change from 2013-2018 ( Table ). The overall proportion of adults with hypertension who had controlled BP was higher among those with overweight or obesity than those with normal BMI. BP control among those taking antihypertensive medication was similar among those with overweight or obesity and those with normal BMI. BP control overall decreased over time with no evidence of a difference by BMI category. Among those taking antihypertensive medication, BP control decreased in those who were overweight or had class 1 obesity but not in those with normal BMI or class 2 or 3 obesity. Conclusions: Among US adults with hypertension, there was no increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity from 2013-2018 and BP control decreased in all subgroups. These findings suggest the obesity epidemic is not driving the decrease in BP control in the US population.

scholarly journals How does 6 months of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise affect insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal fat? A randomised controlled trial in individuals with overweight and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 1183-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bæk Blond ◽  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Marie Tindborg ◽  
Anders Nymark Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

ObjectivesTo evaluate effects of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise of two intensities on peripheral insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass (secondary outcomes).Methods188 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity were recruited. In the 6-month trial, 130 participants were randomised to either: no intervention (CON), active commuting (BIKE) or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, 50% VO2peak) or vigorous (VIG, 70% VO2peak) intensity. 100 completed follow-up testing. Exercise prescription was 5 days/week with a weekly exercise energy expenditure of 1600 kcal for women and 2100 kcal for men. Testing was performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.ResultsPeripheral insulin sensitivity (ml/min/pmol insulin/L) increased (improved) by 24% (95% CI 6% to 46%, p=0.01) in VIG compared with CON at 3 months. Peripheral insulin sensitivity increased (improved) by 20% in BIKE (95% CI 1% to 43%, p=0.04) and 26% in VIG (95% CI 7% to 47%, p<0.01) compared with CON at 6 months. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in all exercise groups compared with CON at 6 months; but the increase was higher in those that undertook vigorous exercise than those who did moderate exercise. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass diminished across all exercise groups in comparison to CON at 6 months.ConclusionsActive bike commuting improved cardiometabolic health; as did leisure-time exercise. Leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity conferred more rapid effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as additional effects on cardiorespiratory fitness than did moderate intensity exercise.Trial registrationNCT01962259

scholarly journals Associations of Sleep Duration and Screen Time with Incidence of Overweight in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Cohort

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Viveka Guzmán ◽  
Lauren Lissner ◽  
Louise Arvidsson ◽  
Antje Hebestreit ◽  
Antonia Solea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parental Level ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Baseline Bmi ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Over the past decades, children have been increasingly using screen devices, while at the same time their sleep duration has decreased. Both behaviors have been associated with excess weight, and it is possible they act as mutually reinforcing behaviors for weight gain. The aim of the study was to explore independent, prospective associations of screen time and sleep duration with incident overweight in a sample of European children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from 4,285 children of the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort who were followed up from 2009/2010 to 2013/2014 were analyzed. Hours per day of screen time and of sleep duration were reported by parents at baseline. Logistic regression analyses were carried out in separate and mutually adjusted models controlled for sex, age, European country region, parental level of education, and baseline BMI <i>z</i>-scores. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among normal weight children at baseline (<i>N</i> = 3,734), separate models suggest that every hour increase in screen time and every hour decrease in sleep duration were associated with higher odds of the child becoming overweight or obese at follow-up (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02–1.32 and OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05–1.43, respectively). In the mutually adjusted model, both associations were attenuated slightly ( screen time OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99–1.28; sleep duration OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.40), being consistently somewhat stronger for sleep duration. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Both screen time and sleep duration increased the incidence of overweight or obesity by 13–20%. Interventions that include an emphasis on adequate sleep and minimal screen time are needed to establish their causal role in the prevention of overweight and obesity among European children.

Intensity-Specific Leisure-Time Physical Activity and The Built Environment Among Brazilian Adults: A Best-Fit Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Salvo ◽  
Rodrigo S. Reis ◽  
Adriano A.F. Hino ◽  
Pedro C. Hallal ◽  
Michael Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Best Fit

Background:There is little understanding about which sets of environmental features could simultaneously predict intensity-specific leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among Brazilians. The objectives were to identify the environmental correlates for intensity-specific LTPA, and to build the best-fit linear models to predict intensity-specific LTPA among adults of Curitiba, Brazil.Methods:Cross sectional study in Curitiba, Brazil (2009, n = 1461). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Assessment Scale were used. Ninety-two perceived environment variables were categorized in 10 domains. LTPA was classified as walking for leisure (LWLK), moderate-intensity leisure-time PA (MLPA), vigorous-intensity leisure-time PA (VLPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity leisure-time PA (MVLPA). Best fitting linear predictive models were built.Results:Forty environmental variables were correlated to at least 1 LTPA outcome. The variability explained by the 4 best-fit models ranged from 17% (MLPA) to 46% (MVLPA). All models contained recreation areas and aesthetics variables; none included residential density predictors. At least 1 neighborhood satisfaction variable was present in each of the intensity-specific models, but not for overall MVLPA.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the simultaneous effect of sets of perceived environmental features on intensity-specific LTPA among Brazilian adults. The differences found compared with high-income countries suggest caution in generalizing results across settings.

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