scholarly journals Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Salling Quist ◽  
Martin Bæk Blond ◽  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Carina Bjørnskov Steenholt ◽  
Charlotte Janus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Ad Libitum

Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20–45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak)-reserve, n = 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V̇o2peak-reserve, n = 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (−22%, P < 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE ( P < 0.05) and VIG ( P = 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD ( P = 0.02) and VIG ( P < 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger ( P = 0.01) and prospective food consumption ( P = 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher ( P ≤ 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower ( P = 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE ( P = 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of 6 Months of Active Commuting and Leisure-Time Exercise on Fibrin Turnover in Sedentary Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Martin Bæk Petersen ◽  
Jonas Salling Quist ◽  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Long Term Effects

Obesity and exercise constitute important factors for cardiovascular disease risk, but the long-term effects of different exercise modalities on haemostatic biomarkers are not well elucidated. We investigated the effects of 6 months of active commuting or leisure-time exercise on measures of fibrin turnover in individuals who are overweight and obese. Ninety younger (20–40 years), sedentary, healthy women and men who are overweight and obese (BMI: 25–35 kg/m2) were randomised to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n=16), active commuting (BIKE, n=19), or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, ∼50% VO2peak reserve, n=31) or vigorous intensity (VIG, ∼70% VO2peak reserve, n=24). Fasting blood samples (baseline and 3 and 6 months) were analysed for cholesterols and triglycerides, thrombin generation, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, D-dimer, fibrin clot properties, and fibrinolytic activity. We observed no differences between CON, BIKE, MOD, and VIG during the intervention and no time effects for any of the variables measured despite increased VO2peak in all exercise groups. We found no difference between CON and all exercise groups combined and no gender-specific effects of exercise. Our findings suggest that thrombin generation capacity, coagulation activation, fibrin clot structure, and lysability are unaffected by long-term active commuting and leisure-time exercise in women and men who are overweight and obese.

Appetite regulation in overweight, sedentary men after different amounts of endurance exercise: a randomized controlled trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1599-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Michala Holm Reichkendler ◽  
Pernille Auerbach ◽  
Signe Toräng ◽  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Doses

Weight loss induced by endurance exercise is often disappointing, possibly due to an increase in energy intake mediated through greater appetite. The aim of this study was to evaluate fasting, postprandial, and postexercise appetite regulation after an intervention prescribing two amounts of endurance exercise. Sixty-four sedentary, overweight, healthy young men were randomized to control (CON), moderate-dose (MOD: ∼30 min/day), or high-dose (HIGH: ∼60 min/day) endurance exercise for 12 wk. Along with subjective appetite ratings, plasma ghrelin, glucagon, insulin, peptide YY3–36, glucose, free fatty acids, and glycerol were measured during fasting and in relation to a breakfast meal and an acute bout of exercise, both at baseline and at follow-up. Ad libitum lunch energy intake was evaluated 3 h after the breakfast meal. Despite different amounts of endurance exercise, the subjects lost similar amounts of fat mass (MOD: 4.2 ± 0.5 kg; HIGH: 3.7 ± 0.5 kg). Fasting and postprandial insulin decreased ∼20% in both exercise groups ( P < 0.03 vs. CON). Appetite measurements were not upregulated in the fasting and postprandial states. On the contrary, fasting and postprandial ratings of fullness and postprandial PYY3–36 increased in HIGH ( P < 0.001 vs. CON). Ad libitum lunch energy intake remained unchanged over the course of the intervention. In both exercise groups, plasma ghrelin increased in relation to acute exercise after training. Thus neither moderate nor high doses of daily endurance exercise increased fasting and postprandial measures of appetite, but a high dose of exercise was associated with an increase in fasting and meal-related ratings of fullness and satiety.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Domain and Intensity on Sleep in Women and Men with Overweight and Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jonas Salling Quist ◽  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Martin Bæk Blond ◽  
Daniel Holm-Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Inadequate Sleep ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity ◽  
Physically Inactive

Inadequate sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk and adiposity. Exercise has been suggested as an efficient strategy to improve sleep; however, the effects of different types of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity are not well understood. We examined effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight or obesity. 130 physically inactive adults (20–45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity (body mass index: 25–35 kg/m2) were randomized to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting by bike (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate intensity (MOD, 50% VO2peak-reserve, n = 39) or vigorous intensity (VIG, 70% VO2peak-reserve, n = 38), 5 days/week. Sleep was assessed from 7-day/night accelerometry and questionnaires at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. 92 participants were included in a per protocol analysis. At 3 months, sleep duration was longer in VIG (29 min/night [3; 55] (mean [95% CI]), p=0.03) but not in BIKE and MOD (p≥0.11) compared with CON and was not different between groups at 6 months (p≥0.36 vs. CON). At 6 months, sleep duration variability was lower in MOD (−31% [−50; −3], p=0.03) and numerically lower in VIG (−28% [−49; 1], p=0.06) relative to CON but was unchanged in BIKE (p=0.17 vs. CON). The effects were, however, primarily attributable to shorter and more irregular sleep in CON over time. Our findings suggest that effects of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity may be restricted to leisure-time exercise with a short-term effect on sleep duration after vigorous intensity exercise (3 months) but a more regular sleep pattern after 6 months of moderate and vigorous intensity exercise compared with physically inactive controls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with ID NCT01962259.

scholarly journals Predictors of Post-Exercise Energy Intake in Adolescents Ranging in Weight Status from Overweight to Severe Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Nicole Fearnbach ◽  
Amanda E. Staiano ◽  
Neil M. Johannsen ◽  
Daniel S. Hsia ◽  
Robbie A. Beyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Ad Libitum

Exercise may sensitize individuals with overweight and obesity to appetitive signals (e.g., hunger and fullness cues), overriding trait eating behaviors that contribute to overeating and obesity, such as uncontrolled eating. The objective of the current study was to measure predictors of objective ad libitum energy intake at a laboratory-based, post-exercise test-meal in adolescents ranging in weight status from overweight to severe obesity. We hypothesized that appetitive states, rather than appetitive traits, would be the strongest predictors of energy intake at a post-exercise test-meal, after controlling for body size. At Baseline, 30 adolescents (ages 10–16 years, 50% female (F), 43% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 83% with obesity (OB)) completed state and trait appetite measures and an ad libitum dinner meal following intensive exercise. Nineteen of those participants (47% F, 32% NHW, 79% OB) completed identical assessments two years later (Year 2). Energy intake (kcal) at each time point was adjusted for fat-free mass index (i.e., body size). Adjusted energy intake was reliable from Baseline to Year 2 (ICC = 0.84). Multiple pre-meal appetite ratings were associated with test-meal energy intake. In stepwise linear regression models, pre-meal prospective food consumption was the strongest and only significant predictor of test-meal energy intake at both Baseline (R2 = 0.25, p = 0.005) and Year 2 (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003). Baseline post-exercise energy intake was associated with weight change over two years (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.04), but not with change in fat mass (p = 0.11). Appetitive traits were not associated with weight or body composition change (p > 0.22). State appetite cues were the strongest predictors of post-exercise energy intake, independent of body size. Future studies should examine whether long-term exercise programs enhance responsiveness to homeostatic appetite signals in youth with overweight and obesity, with a goal to reduce excess energy intake and risk for weight gain over time.

scholarly journals Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of pre-pregnancy lifestyle intervention to reduce recurrence of gestational diabetes: Gestational Diabetes Prevention/Prevención de la Diabetes Gestacional

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Phelan ◽  
Elissa Jelalian ◽  
Donald Coustan ◽  
Aaron B. Caughey ◽  
Kristin Castorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with several maternal complications in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, preterm labor, need for induction of labor, and cesarean delivery as well as increased long-term risks of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Intrauterine exposure to GDM raises the risk for complications in offspring as well, including stillbirth, macrosomia, and birth trauma, and long-term risk of metabolic disease. One of the strongest risk factors for GDM is the occurrence of GDM in a prior pregnancy. Preliminary data from epidemiologic and bariatric surgery studies suggest that reducing body weight before pregnancy can prevent the development of GDM, but no adequately powered trial has tested the effects of a maternal lifestyle intervention before pregnancy to reduce body weight and prevent GDM recurrence. Methods The principal aim of the Gestational Diabetes Prevention/Prevención de la Diabetes Gestacional is to determine whether a lifestyle intervention to reduce body weight before pregnancy can reduce GDM recurrence. This two-site trial targets recruitment of 252 women with overweight and obesity who have previous histories of GDM and who plan to have another pregnancy in the next 1–3 years. Women are randomized within site to a comprehensive pre-pregnancy lifestyle intervention to promote weight loss with ongoing treatment until conception or an educational control group. Participants are assessed preconceptionally (at study entry, after 4 months, and at brief quarterly visits until conception), during pregnancy (at 26 weeks’ gestation), and at 6 weeks postpartum. The primary outcome is GDM recurrence, and secondary outcomes include fasting glucose, biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease, prenatal and perinatal complications, and changes over time in weight, diet, physical activity, and psychosocial measures. Discussion The Gestational Diabetes Prevention /Prevención de la Diabetes Gestacional is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention delivered before pregnancy to prevent GDM recurrence. If found effective, the proposed lifestyle intervention could lay the groundwork for shifting current treatment practices towards the interconception period and provide evidence-based preconception counseling to optimize reproductive outcomes and prevent GDM and associated health risks. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02763150. Registered on May 5, 2016

scholarly journals Acute effects of active gaming on ad libitum energy intake and appetite sensations of 8–11-year-old boys

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 2148-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Allsop ◽  
Caroline J. Dodd-Reynolds ◽  
Benjamin P. Green ◽  
Dorothée Debuse ◽  
Penny L. S. Rumbold
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
School Based ◽  
Active Gaming ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Analogue Scales

AbstractThe present study examined the acute effects of active gaming on energy intake (EI) and appetite responses in 8–11-year-old boys in a school-based setting. Using a randomised cross-over design, twenty-one boys completed four individual 90-min gaming bouts, each separated by 1 week. The gaming bouts were (1) seated gaming, no food or drink; (2) active gaming, no food or drink; (3) seated gaming with food and drink offered ad libitum; and (4) active gaming with food and drink offered ad libitum. In the two gaming bouts during which foods and drinks were offered, EI was measured. Appetite sensations – hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness – were recorded using visual analogue scales during all gaming bouts at 30-min intervals and at two 15-min intervals post gaming. In the two bouts with food and drink, no significant differences were found in acute EI (MJ) (P=0·238). Significant differences were detected in appetite sensations for hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness between the four gaming bouts at various time points. The relative EI calculated for the two gaming bouts with food and drink (active gaming 1·42 (sem 0·28) MJ; seated gaming 2·12 (sem 0·25) MJ) was not statistically different. Acute EI in response to active gaming was no different from seated gaming, and appetite sensations were influenced by whether food was made available during the 90-min gaming bouts.

scholarly journals Effects of moderate to vigorous intensity cycling on appetite, ad libitum energy intake and appetite-related hormones in healthy South Asian and white European men

Appetite ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105282
Author(s):  
Simone Benedetti ◽  
Hannah J. Moir ◽  
David J. Stensel ◽  
Alice E. Thackray ◽  
Declan Naughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals A randomized crossover trial assessing the effects of acute exercise on appetite, circulating ghrelin concentrations, and butyrylcholinesterase activity in normal-weight males with variants of the obesity-linked FTO rs9939609 polymorphism

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L Dorling ◽  
David J Clayton ◽  
Jenny Jones ◽  
Wayne G Carter ◽  
Alice E Thackray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Bche Activity ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Fto Rs9939609

ABSTRACT Background The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 A-allele is associated with higher acyl-ghrelin (AG) concentrations, higher energy intake, and obesity, although exercise may mitigate rs9939609 A-allele–linked obesity risk. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) hydrolyzes AG to des-acyl-ghrelin (DAG), potentially decreasing appetite. However, the effects of the FTO rs9939609 genotype and exercise on BChE activity, AG, DAG, and energy intake are unknown. Objective We hypothesized that individuals homozygous for the obesity-risk A-allele (AAs) would exhibit higher postprandial AG and energy intake than individuals homozygous for the low obesity-risk T-allele (TTs), but that exercise would increase BChE activity and diminish these differences. Methods Twelve AA and 12 TT normal-weight males completed a control (8 h rest) and an exercise (1 h of exercise at 70% peak oxygen uptake, 7 h rest) trial in a randomized crossover design. A fixed meal was consumed at 1.5 h and an ad libitum buffet meal at 6.5 h. Appetite, appetite-related hormones, BChE activity, and energy intake were assessed. Results AAs displayed lower baseline BChE activity, higher baseline AG:DAG ratio, attenuated AG suppression after a fixed meal, and higher ad libitum energy intake compared with TTs [effect sizes (ESs) ≥ 0.72, P ≤ 0.049]. Exercise increased Δ BChE activity in both genotypes (ESs = 0.37, P = 0.004); however, exercise lowered AG and the AG:DAG ratio to a greater extent in AAs (P ≤ 0.023), offsetting the higher AG profile observed in AAs during the control trial (ESs ≥ 1.25, P ≤ 0.048). Exercise did not elevate energy intake in either genotype (P = 0.282). Conclusions Exercise increases BChE activity, suppresses AG and the AG:DAG ratio, and corrects the higher AG profile observed in obesity-risk AA individuals. These findings suggest that exercise or other methods targeting BChE activity may offer a preventative and/or therapeutic strategy for AA individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03025347.

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